關(guān)于英語的寫作技巧
關(guān)于英語的寫作技巧
英文寫作是一種綜合能力訓(xùn)練，臨陣磨槍是不能取得好成績的，也是不可取的，應(yīng)該重視平時的英語作文訓(xùn)練。小編在此獻上英語寫作方法，希望對你有所幫助。
Don't Use Adverbs不要用副詞
The adverb is not your friend.Adverbs are words that modify verbs,adjectives,or other adverbs.They’re the ones that usually end in-ly.With adverbs,the writer usually tells us he or she is afraid he/she isn’t expressing himself/herself clearly,that he or she is not getting the point or the picture across.
副詞并不是你的朋友，副詞是用來修飾動詞，形容詞或其它副詞的。它們通常以ly結(jié)尾。作者通常用副詞來表達那些自己無法解釋清楚的意思及表明的觀點。
There are numerous usage"rules"regarding the placement of adverbs in prose:one shouldn't split a compound verb or infinitive1 with them(so no"to boldly go"or"must be heartily2 congratulated");
關(guān)于在散文中放置有太多的用法規(guī)則了：我們不應(yīng)該讓副詞出現(xiàn)在復(fù)合動詞或動詞不定式中，因而我們不能說"to boldly go"或"must be heartily congratulated"。
One must place them closest to the word they are modifying(so no"Quickly the news anchor corrected himself";go with"The news anchor quickly corrected himself");
我們必須要把它放在離其所要修飾的詞最近的地方(所以我們不能說"Quickly the news anchor corrected himself"，而應(yīng)該是"The news anchor quickly corrected himself")。
One shouldn't start a sentence with them,especially if the adverb in question is hopefully;
我們不能把副詞放在句首，尤其是“hopefully”這個詞。
One should know when to use a flat adverb(like quick in"move quick"and safe in"drive safe")and when to use an inflected-ly adverb(like"quickly move aside"and"safely drive the truck");
我們應(yīng)當(dāng)知道什么時候用單純形副詞(像是“move quick”中的“quick”,“drive safe”中的“safe”)什么時候用加ly的副詞(像是"quickly move aside"中的“quickly”和"safely drive the truck"中的“safely”)
Never Use the Passive Voice不要用被動語態(tài)
Never use the passive where you can use the active.
能用主動語態(tài)的話就不要用被動語態(tài)
English verbs have two voices:active and passive.We use the active voice in sentences like this one,and it shows who is doing the acting3(we are)and what is being acted on(the active voice).But the passive voice is often used in more formal sentences,like this one,where the actor—here,the invisible writer of this sentence,who is the one using the passive voice—is hidden from view.Here are a few examples of sentences written in the active voice and then recast in the passive voice:
英語的動詞有2種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。我們在本句中就使用了主動語態(tài)，它能體現(xiàn)誰(我們)在進行動作，什么動作(主動語態(tài))在被進行。但是被動語態(tài)卻更常在正式場合中使用，像這句，演員在哪里-這里，這句話的隱形作者，也就是使用被動語態(tài)的這個人-從當(dāng)前默默隱去了。以下的幾個例子，都是主動語態(tài)的，并且改寫成了被動語態(tài)：
The teacher told us to use the active voice.vs We were told to use the active voice.
老師告訴我們要使用主動語態(tài)和我們被老師告知要使用主動語態(tài)。
The police questioned the suspect.vs The suspect was questioned.
警察詢問了嫌疑人和嫌疑人被警察詢問了。
I made a mistake.vs Mistakes were made.
我犯了一個錯誤和錯誤被犯了
You'll notice that the passive voice seems to distance an action from its perpetrator,or it makes the thing being acted on("we,""the suspect,"and"mistakes"above)more important than the doer.For this reason,the passive voice is very common in more formal writing,where the authors want to keep the perpetrator of the action or the speaker distant.
你會發(fā)現(xiàn)，被動語態(tài)使得一個行動和行動者分離開來，或是動作被進行的一方(“我們”“嫌疑人”和以上的“錯誤”)顯得比進行動作的一方更加重要。因此，被動語態(tài)在正式寫作中比較常見，作者想要讓進行動作的一方或說話人能產(chǎn)生一種距離感。
Never use a verb other than"said"to carry dialogue.永遠不要用除了“said”的動詞來進行對話
The line of dialogue belongs to the character;the verb is the writer sticking his nose in.But said is far less intrusive4 than grumbled5,gasped6,cautioned,lied.I once noticed Mary McCarthy ending a line of dialogue with"she asseverated,"and had to stop reading to get the dictionary.
對話的范疇屬于人物，動詞是作者非常關(guān)心的。但是，“said”這詞遠遠不及嘟囔，喘息，警告，撒謊等詞更具侵入性。我曾經(jīng)注意到瑪麗?麥卡錫用“她鄭重地聲明”來結(jié)束了一個對話，那時我不得不停止閱讀去查了字典。
This is a rule that is often repeated,something that is supposedly the province of"showing,not telling."But this is less a rule of writing and more of a personal preference of Leonard's.
這是一個經(jīng)常被提及的規(guī)則，有時其職責(zé)據(jù)稱是“要顯示，而不是講述”。但這不太像寫作的規(guī)則反正更像是倫納德的個人喜好。
Of course,lots of these non-said dialogue markers are almost as old as said itself is.Check your dictionary and you’ll see that dialogue verbs like crow,yell,whisper,and groan7 are contemporaries of said and had ample use in Old English as well as in Modern English.
當(dāng)然了，這些非言語類的對話標(biāo)識本身也像“said”這詞一樣的老。查你的字典看看，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些對話動詞比如，crow,啼叫，yell叫喊，whisper低語，和groan咆哮雖都是當(dāng)代的言語詞，但在古英語和現(xiàn)代英語中都有著廣泛的應(yīng)用。
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