金融英語閱讀--保證金及利息

　　保證金是指買方或賣方按照交易市場(chǎng)規(guī)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)交納的資金，專門用于訂單交易的結(jié)算和履行約定的保證。接下來小編為大家整理了金融英語閱讀--保證金及利息，希望對(duì)你有幫助哦!

　　一、Margin保證金

　　Margin allows investors to buy securities with money borrowed from brokers or banks. It is calculated based on the difference between the market value of the stock and the loan made by the lender. The extension of credit to customers for securities transactions in the U.S. is regulated by: the Federal Reserve Board,the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD), and individual firms. The Federal reserve regulates the amount ofmoney that a broker may lend to a customer through Regulation T (Reg T). Although Reg T allows for the extension of margin credit for any listed security,most brokerage firms have more strict lending rules and will not lend for the purchase of low-priced (penny stock) securities.

　　投資者可以通過保證金從經(jīng)紀(jì)人或銀行借款來購(gòu)買證券。保證金的計(jì)算取決于股票的市場(chǎng)價(jià)值和貸款的差異。美國(guó)的聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備局，紐約證券交易所，全美證券交易商協(xié)會(huì)和個(gè)別公司共同規(guī)定證券客戶的信貸延展問題。美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)通過法規(guī)T來限制經(jīng)紀(jì)人對(duì)客戶的貸款數(shù)額。雖然法規(guī)T允許對(duì)一些保證金賬戶延展信貸，但大多數(shù)證券經(jīng)紀(jì)公司對(duì)貸款有更嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定并且不會(huì)貸款給客戶來購(gòu)買低價(jià)股票。

　　二、Interest利息

　　Interest is the cost of using money. The interest rate paid is usually expressed in annual terms though money market instruments may have a shorter term than one year. An interest rate is determined by dividing the amount of interest paid by the principal amount borrowed. For example, if a 00 bond pays in interest for one year, the annual interest rate is 8.5 percent. In the U.S. some interestbearing bonds, such as municipals, entitle the bearer to an exemption from certain taxes on interest income. The interest paid by a company on its outstanding debt as well as the interest paid by a homeowner on his/her mortgage, is deductible from income as an expense and so can reduce the amount of tax owed.

　　利息是使用貨幣的成本。利率的支付形式通常以年為期限，雖然金融市場(chǎng)票據(jù)會(huì)有一個(gè)更短的時(shí)間。利率的制定取決于借款本金所劃分的利息。舉個(gè)例子，如果1,000美元的債券每年支付85美元那么年利率就是8.5%.美國(guó)有一些有息債券，如政府債券，它允許持有人在利息收益上有一定的免稅。公司未償債務(wù)和按揭住房的屋主需支付的利息可以作為一項(xiàng)費(fèi)用減少他們的應(yīng)交稅金。