21世紀(jì)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)答案參考(2)
VIII.
A. gardener calculator receiver container commander remainder hike inspector steamer processor supervise builder contributor consumer paint teenager
B. 1.superviser 2. inspector 3. remainder 4. processor 5. gardener
6. calculator 7. commander 8. container 9. hiking 10. teenagers
Structure
IX
1. It was for the benefit of the old people in the neighborhood that we organized this volunteer group.
2. It is only when we look back that we realize how far we have come.
3. It is his secretary who does all the work.
4. It is through the act of giving that we experience our fullest strength and power.
5. It was gold that led them to undertake the long and risky journey to California.
6. As I recall, it was you who suggested this idea in the first place.
7. It wasn’t until last week that they finished their report on the project.
8. It’s her beautiful eyes that I can’t forget.
X.
1. The elephant weighs about 3,600 kg, whereas the blue whale weighs up to 130, 000 kg.
2.The word ‘youngster’ has a cheerful connotation, whereas ‘offspring’ sounds rather clinical.
3. Confucianism emphasizes family ties, whereas Protestantism teaches individual responsibility.
4.The earliest mammals appeared on the earth hundred millions years ago, whereas the first evidence of humans dates from only about one million year ago.
5. The aim of the natural science is to predict and control natural process, whereas the aim of the social science is to understand human behavior.
6. He must be about sixty, whereas his wife looks about thirty.
Translation
XI.
儒教也為亞洲人的成功提供了另一個(gè)要素。在孔夫子的哲學(xué)中，家庭起著最重要的作用----這種定向引導(dǎo)人們?yōu)榧彝サ臉s譽(yù)而學(xué)習(xí)工作，而不僅僅是為了他們自己。一個(gè)人永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法報(bào)答他的父母，而且在亞洲人中間還有一種責(zé)任感、乃至負(fù)罪感，這是一種如同新教哲學(xué)在西方一樣的強(qiáng)大力量。
XII.
9. Female students constitute the majority of our class. By contrast, their class is made up of males only.
10. American children can usually watch TV three hours a day, whereas their Chinese counterparts have to work on their homework during most their after-school time.
11. His development of a series of new research methods led to his huge success. He said he owed all this to his parents’ encouragement.
12. He resented being excluded from discussions that directly concerned his future.
13. The fact that these problems are continually showing up suggests that this new device has to be readjusted.
14. As one of the many Asian students who have surged into the best American universities in recent years, Zhang Hua says that many of his ideas are based on traditional Chinese philosophy.
15. To start with, it is not merely money that makes Mr. Young work so hard. He is committed to educating the young and tires to motivate them to get ahead in life.
16. As time was running out, we drove even faster in the hope that we could make it to the airport in time.
Cloze
XIII
1. immigrant 2. than 3. obligation 4. motivated 5. widespread
6. however 7. although 8. discrimination 9. but/although 10. One day
11. guilty 12. horrified 13. repay 14. owe
Reading Analysis
XII.
Stevenson offered three recommendations:
To start with, we need higher standards for our kids second, American parents need to become more committed to their children’s education. And third, our school could be reorganized in simple but effective ways.
Structured Writing
XIII. One example, for reference
Students at our university admire their English teachers for three main reasons. To start with, the teachers’ hard work and dedication are highly inspiring to us. Second, the wonderfully creative lessons they prepare strongly motivate us to study as hard as we should. And third, our teachers’ warmly human characters create bonds of friendship that will last forever.
21世紀(jì)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)讀寫(xiě)教程第二冊(cè)課后練習(xí)答案第三單元
Text comprehension
II.
1. The author is talking about cultural differences: different ways of doing things in different cultures; different attitudes, traditions, beliefs, etc. she or he says neither side can understand because people are not usually conscious of their deepest cultural attitudes.
2. The American company George worked for started a joint venture with a Japanese firm, and they needed someone to train the Japanese engineers. George was the most highly qualified employee for the position, and he accepted a two-year contract for temporary transfer to Japan.
3. The Japanese liked George’s nonassertive nature, his expertise and his willingness to help; it’s also implied that they liked his efforts to learn Japanese, and that the secretaries liked the fact that he was single. These qualities contributed to his becoming a cultural translator by making the Japanese trust him, feel comfortable with him, and grow accustomed to asking him for all kinds of advice.
4. He had to ‘reinvent’ himself because his expertise as an engineer was no longer needed, but he didn’t want to leave Japan. The company accepted his ‘reinvention’ because they had heard lots of horror stories about cultural conflicts and recognized the value of having someone like George around.
5. The author means that the misunderstandings were not always merely linguistic.
6. The examples imply that there is a strong group orientation in Japanese business, that sentiment can be as important as profit and efficiency, and that employees may be valued for something other than their material contribution to the company. the fact that these examples mystified the US side implies that in American business relations, profit and efficiency are considered more important than sentiment, and that Americans expect logical explanations for decisions, expenditures, etc.
7. Because the words and actions of the American visitors could be misinterpreted by the Japanese: things that could seem crazy or rude to the Japanese are normal to Americans.
8. Because the author believes that language problems are not a serious barrier, compared with cultural differences.
Vocabulary
III.
1. surpassed 2. approved 3. ensure 4. thriving 5.escalated
6. qualified 7. represent 8. apparent 9. justify 10. conflicts
IV.
1. go along with 2. from the farmers’ viewpoint 3. multitudes of
4. run into 5. come to an end 6. picked up
7. at times 8. gotten into the habit of 9. smooth over
10. the other way around
V.
1. due to 2. thanks to 3. due to 4. Thanks to 5. due to 6. Thanks to
Word Building
VI.
Interchangeable: that can be used in place of each other
Interface: a place or area where different things meet and have an effect on each other
Intercontinental: between continents
Intersection: a joint where two roads or lines cross
Interdisciplinary: involving two or more disciplines
Interview: an occasion when a person is asked questions by one or more other people
1. intercontinental 2. interface 3. intersection
4. interchangeable 5. interview 6. interdisciplinary
VII.
1. Almost everyone would like to have more money for nonessential goods and services just because they make life a little more pleasant.
2. Mr. Peterson is the chairman of nonprofit charity organization.
3. Hostility towards outsiders is characteristic of both humans and non-humans.
4. Although I’m a nonsmoker, I don’t support discrimination against smokers.
5. It would be nonsense to say that all Asian societies are the same.
6. There’s a difference between using words in a nonstandard way and using them incorrectly.
Cloze
VIII.
1. among 2. conflicts 3. made 4. understanding 5. since 6. conscious of 7. so 8. run into 9. with 10. crazy 11. that is 12. since 13. That’s is 14. escalating 15. parties
Translation
IX.
從一開(kāi)始，喬治就被所有的日本雇員欣然接受。日方經(jīng)理通常不信任任何被派去代表美方業(yè)主的人，但喬治生性隨和，沒(méi)有人把他看作是對(duì)自己職業(yè)的一種威脅。所以他們喜歡就廣泛的各類問(wèn)題征求他的意見(jiàn)，包括大洋彼岸他們的合作伙伴的古怪行為。公司上下的工程師們都珍視喬治的專業(yè)知識(shí)和他友好而技能熟練的幫助，他們已養(yǎng)成了一有問(wèn)題----任何問(wèn)題，就找他幫忙的習(xí)慣。辦公室里的秘書(shū)們都熱衷于幫助這個(gè)討人喜歡的單身漢學(xué)習(xí)日語(yǔ)。
X.
1. When this temporary job came to an end, George was offered a permanent job, which he accepted at once.
2. To ensure that their ventures in Japan are profitable, the American companies need cultural translators even more than language translators.
3. As a cultural translator, George was eager to help the Japanese employees who came to ask his advice on a great many matters, both within and outside of his field of expertise.
4. Somehow or other, George persuaded the American manager to go along with the Japanese accountant’s decision, thus smoothing over the conflict between the two.
5. Conflicts and arguments do arise at times between the American managers and their Japanese counterparts. But since both parties have the good sense to compromise, these conflicts are prevented from escalating into big emotional battles.
6. All the Japanese employees, the personnel manager included, appreciated George’s frequent help with the multitude of problems they run into.
7. My spoken Japanese is not good enough to express myself well. Please don’t get offended if I sometimes say stupid things.
8. with a solid understanding of traditional Chinese medicine and a good mastery of English, dr. Zhang is highly qualified to train foreign doctors who came to China to study Chinese medicine.
Reading analysis
XI.
General observation: at times something far more important than good English was needed.
Illustration 1: one such case was when the Japanese accountant had to explain the $ 46,534 spent of 874 December- holiday presents.
Illustration 2: or there was the time when the Japanese personnel manager had to justify keeping a chemist on the payroll even though the company no longer needed his expertise.
Structured writing
XII. One example, for reference
When foreign visitors come to China for the first time they often run into embarrassing situations. One such case was when some British tourists tried to pay for what they bought at a street market with their credit cards. Or there was the time when they went shopping in small shops without bargaining at all.
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21世紀(jì)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)答案參考(2)
