初中英語語法被動語態(tài)專題

　　英語語法是學習英語最重要的部分，下面是小編給大家?guī)淼某踔杏⒄Z語法被動語態(tài)專題，希望能夠幫助到大家!

　　初中英語語法被動語態(tài)專題

　　被動語態(tài)中謂語動詞的基本構成：

　　be + done

　　2八種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)：(變 be 的時態(tài)即可，done不動)

　　1)一般現(xiàn)在時：am / is / are + done

　?、貾eople grow rice in the south of the country.

　　Rice is grown in the south of the country.

　?、赥he school doesn't allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.

　　We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.

　　2)一般過去時：was / were + done

　?、賂hey agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.

　　The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.

　　②The students didn't forget his lessons easily.

　　His lessons were not easily forgotten

　　3)一般將來時：will + be done

　?、賂hey will send cars abroad by sea.

　　Cars will be sent abroad by sea.

　?、赥hey will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers.

　　Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers.

　　4)一般過去將來時：would + be done

　?、賂he manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year.

　　The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year.

　?、?The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible.

　　The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible.

　　5)現(xiàn)在進行時：am / is / are + being + done

　?、賂he radio is broadcasting English lessons.

　　English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.

　?、?We are painting the rooms.

　　The rooms are being painted.

　　6)過去進行時：was / were + being + done

　?、賂he workers were mending the road.

　　The road was being mended.

　　②This time last year we were planting trees here.

　　Trees were being planted here this time last year.

　　7)現(xiàn)在完成時：have / has + been + done

　?、賁omeone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.

　　I have been told the sports meeting might be put off.

　　②He has brought his book here.

　　His book has been brought here.

　　8)過去完成時：had + been + done

　?、賅hen I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets.

　　When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out.

　　② The whole country was very sad at the news of his death; people had considered him to be a great leader.

　　The whole country was very sad at the news of his death; he had been considered to be a great leader

　　3含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：情態(tài)動詞+ be+ done

　?、資ou must hand in your compositions after class.

　　Your compositions must be handed in after class.

　　②He can write a great many letters with the computer.

　　A great many letters can be written with the computer by him.

　　4被動語態(tài)的使用情況：

　　1)當不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者時，這時往往不用by 短語。

　　“Mr. White, the cup was broken after class. ”

　　2.突出或強調動作的承受者，如果需要說出動作的執(zhí)行者，用by 短語。

　　These records were made by John Denver.

　　5主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法：

　　1)把主動語態(tài)的賓語變成被動語態(tài)的主語。

　　2)把主動語態(tài)的謂語變成被動語態(tài)的be + 過去分詞，時態(tài)要與原句保持一致。

　　3)把主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by 的賓語，放在被動語態(tài)里謂語動詞之后，by 短語可以省略。

　　My aunt invited me to her dinner party.

　　→I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party.

　　The school set up a special class to help poor readers.

　　→A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school.

　　6語態(tài)轉換時應注意的問題：

　　1) 把主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，其謂語動詞的時態(tài)要與原句時態(tài)保持一致，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。

　　We have bought a new computer.

　　→A new computer has been bought. (正確)

　　→A new computer have been bought. (錯誤)

　　2)含有雙賓語的主動句變被動句時，可分別將其中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個不動，一般變間接賓語為主語時比較多。

　　My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.

　　→I was given a present on my birthday.

　　如果把直接賓語(指物)改為主語，則在間接賓語(指人)前加適當?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可以說

　　→A present was given to me yesterday.

　　3) 由動詞+ 介詞或副詞構成的短語動詞，要把它們作為整體看，即把它們看成一個及物動詞，介詞或副詞不可拆開或漏掉。

　　The patient is being operated on.

　　The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about.

　　His request was turned down.

　　The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather

　　4)帶復合賓語(賓語+ 賓補)的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時，一般把主動結構中的賓語改為主語，而賓語補足語保留在謂語動詞后面。

　　We always keep the classroom clean.

　　→The classroom is always kept clean.

　　She told us to follow her instructions.

　　→We were told to follow her instructions.

　　注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等動詞后作賓語補足語的動詞不定式都不帶 to，但改成被動語態(tài)后必須還原to。

　　We often hear him play the guitar.

　　→He is often heard to play the guitar.

　　5)當主動句的主語是nobody, no one等含有否定意義的不定代詞時，被動句中將其變?yōu)閍nybody, 作by的賓語，并將謂語動詞變?yōu)榉穸ǖ谋粍诱Z態(tài)。

　　Nobody can answer this question.

　　誤：The question can be answered by nobody.

　　正：The question can not be answered by anybody.

　　6)當否定句中的賓語是anything, anybody, anyone等不定代詞時，在被動句中應將其分別變?yōu)閚othing, nobody, no one作主語，并將謂語動詞變?yōu)榭隙ǖ谋粍诱Z態(tài)。

　　They haven't done anything to make the river clean.

　　誤：Anything hasn't been done to make the river clean.

　　正：Nothing has been done to make the river clean.

　　7)以who為主語開頭的疑問句，變被動時，用by whom放在句首。

　　Who wrote the story?

　　誤：Who was the story written?

　　正：By whom was the story written?

　　8)有些動詞既是及物又是不及物，當它們和well, badly, easily等副詞連用時，表示主語內在品質或性能，是不及物動詞，用主動表示被動，這時不用被動語態(tài)，常見的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等。

　　The cloth washes easily. 這布很好洗。

　　The new product sells well. 這新產品很暢銷。

　　The books sell well. 這些書銷量很好。

　　9)下列情況主動句不能改為被動句。

　?、俑泄傧祫釉~一般用主動形式表示被動意義，如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound。

　　— Do you like the material?

　　— Yes, it feels very soft.

　?、诓患拔飫釉~沒有被動語態(tài)，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。

　　When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.

　　After the earthquake, few houses remained.

　?、圪e語是反身代詞，相互代詞，同源賓語，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名詞等，不能變?yōu)楸粍?a href='http://regraff.com/juzii/' target='_blank'>句子的主語。

　　I taught myself English.

　　誤：Myself was taught English.

　　We love each other.

　　誤：Each other is loved.

　　被動語態(tài)習題

　　考點點撥

　　英語中有些動詞不表示動作，而是表示某種狀態(tài)或情況，通常不用于被動語態(tài)，如cost, fit, last, own, fail等。

　　在主動語態(tài)中，hear, see, notice等感官動詞和make, have, let等使役動詞后跟不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語，但在轉換為被動語態(tài)時，該不定式前要加to。

　　某些感官動詞加形容詞可表被動意義，如：feel, look, smell, sound, taste等。

　　某些不及物動詞后加副詞，也可表被動意義，如：lock, open, read, sell, cut等。

　　含短語動詞的被動語態(tài)，短語中的介詞或副詞不能丟掉。

　　把直接賓語改為被動語態(tài)的主語時，間接賓語前要加介詞to / for。

　　不及物動詞和不及物動詞短語不能用于被動語態(tài)，如：appear, die, fall, happen, come out, take place等。

　　經典習題

　　1.—Wow, your silk dress looks so beautiful! How much is it?

　　—Well, it me .

　　A. cost

　　B. was cost

　　C. spent

　　D. was spent

　　2.—Sandy was made by some boys.

　　— Oh, sorry to hear that.

　　A. cry

　　B. to cry

　　C. cried

　　D. to crying

　　3.—These oranges look ugly, but they very sweet.

　　— If so, I’d like to buy some.

　　A. tasted

　　B. were tasted

　　C. taste

　　D. are tasted

　　4.—Don’t you like the car? It so well.

　　—I like it a lot, but I just can’t afford it.

　　A. sells

　　B. is sold

　　C. sold

　　D. was sold

　　5.As is known to all, the 2022 Winter Olympics in China.

　　A. took place

　　B. will take place

　　C. were taken place

　　D. will be taken place

　　參考答案：ABCAB

　　常見幾種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)練習

　　01

　　含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)

　　講一講

　　含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的結構為：情態(tài)動詞+be+動詞的過去分詞 (+by+動作的執(zhí)行者)。如：

　　Your homework should be finished before 9 pm.

　　The plant needn’t be watered every day.

　　Must the room be cleaned twice a day, Mom?

　　When can my computer be repaired, Mr. Wang?

　　表示被動意義的特殊結構：

　　1. read, ride, write, sell等作不及物動詞時，常用主動形式表示被動意義。

　　2. look, smell, taste, feel, sound等表感覺的連系動詞也常用主動形式表示被動意義。

　　練一練

　　一、用括號內所給動詞的適當形式填空。

　　1.Many more trees should (plant) in the town.

　　2.Must the work (finish) by 6:30 this afternoon?

　　3.—How often do I need to feed the dog?

　　—It must (give) food three times a day.

　　4.The stars can (see) clearly this evening.

　　5.Tables can (make) of stone or wood.

　　二、把下列句子改為含有被動語態(tài)的句子。

　　1.We should clean our teeth twice a day.

　　2.You must hand in your homework before class.

　　3.You can hang these old pictures in the living room.

　　4.Students can keep the dictionaries for three weeks.

　　5.We should make some rules to stop the kids from throwing rubbish.

　　☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆

　　參考答案：

　　一、1.be planted

　　2.be finished

　　3.be given

　　4.be seen

　　5.be made

　　二、1.Our teeth should be cleaned twice a day.

　　2.Your homework must be handed in before class.

　　3.These old pictures can be hung in the living room.

　　4.The dictionaries can be kept for three weeks by students.

　　5.Some rules should be made to stop the kids from throwing rubbish.

　　02

　　一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)

　　講一講

　　英語中有兩種語態(tài)，即主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。

　　▲ 一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)結構為is / am / are +及物動詞的過去分詞 (+ by + 動作的執(zhí)行者)，句中常含有often, usually, every day等時間狀語。

　　▲ 在將主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，可參考以下例句：

　　Jenny① cleans② the room③ every day.

　　→The room③ is cleaned② by Jenny① every day.

　　把主動句中的賓語③變?yōu)楸粍泳渲械闹髡Z;

　　把主動句中的謂語動詞②(cleans)變?yōu)楸粍泳渲械闹^語(is cleaned)。be的形式根據被動句中主語的人稱和數(shù)以及原主動句中動詞的時態(tài)來確定。

　　把主動句中的主語①放在介詞by之后作賓語。主語若是代詞，將主格改為賓格。在無須說明動作的執(zhí)行者或需強調動作的承受者時，by短語可以省略。如：

　　People grow rice in the south of China. → Rice is grown in the south of China.

　　練一練

　　把下列句子改為含有被動語態(tài)的句子。

　　1.Some big boys often laugh at the little girl.

　　2.A lot of people speak Chinese around the world.

　　3.Millions of people enjoy the Great Wall.

　　4.My grandpa waters these flowers every morning.

　　5.Everyone considers Dora to be the best student in the class.

　　6.People use chopsticks for eating noodles in China.

　　7.The students always keep the classroom clean.

　　☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆

　　參考答案：

　　1.The little girl is often laughed at by some big boys.

　　2.Chinese is spoken by a lot of people around the world.

　　3.The Great Wall is enjoyed by millions of people.

　　4.These flowers are watered by my grandpa every morning.

　　5.Dora is considered to be the best student in the class.

　　6.Chopsticks are used for eating noodles in China.

　　7.The classroom is always kept clean by the students.

　　03

　　一般過去時的被動語態(tài)

　　講一講

　　一般過去時的被動語態(tài)結構為：was / were + 及物動詞的過去分詞 (+by+動作的執(zhí)行者)。如：Three trees were watered by Alan yesterday.

　　將主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，需注意以下幾點：

　　有些動詞如tell, give, send, lend, show, teach等后接雙賓語，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將間接賓語提前變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，直接賓語不動;如果將直接賓語提前，則需要在間接賓語前加上to或for。如：

　　Mary gave Miss Lin a bunch of flowers.

　　→ Miss Lin was given a bunch of flowers by Mary.

　　→ A bunch of flowers was given to Miss Lin by Mary.

　　若動詞后跟省去to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語，在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時應加上to。如：

　　We saw a stranger walk into the teacher’s office.

　　→ A stranger was seen to walk into the teacher’s office.

　　“動詞+介詞/副詞”構成的短語動詞，在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，需要保留后面的介詞或副詞。如：

　　The little girl took good care of her sick grandma.

　　→ The little girl’s sick grandma was taken good care of by her.

　　練一練

　　把下列句子改為含有被動語態(tài)的句子。

　　1.Alice sent me a postcard last week.

　　2.Mom asked Jack not to spend too much time on computer games.

　　3.The workers built the teaching building six years ago.

　　4.All the students talked about the project earlier this morning.

　　5.We heard Liu Feng read English books under the tree.

　　☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆

　　參考答案：

　　1.I was sent a postcard by Alice last week. / A postcard was sent to me by Alice last week.

　　2.Jack was asked not to spend too much time on computer games by Mom.

　　3.The teaching building was built by the workers six years ago.

　　4.The project was talked about by all the students earlier this morning.

　　5.Liu Feng was heard to read English books under the tree.