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情態(tài)動(dòng)詞英語語法知識(shí)精講

時(shí)間: 慧良1230 分享

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞英語語法知識(shí)精講

  情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(modal verb)本身有詞義,表示說話人的語氣或情態(tài),但詞義不完全,不能單獨(dú)用作謂語動(dòng)詞,一般只能和動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語動(dòng)詞。小編在這里整理了相關(guān)資料,希望能幫助到您。

  情態(tài)動(dòng)詞概述

  特征

  1)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(modal verb)本身有詞義,表示說話人的語氣或情態(tài),但詞義不完全,不能單獨(dú)用作謂語動(dòng)詞,一般只能和動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語動(dòng)詞。

  2)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞所表示的情態(tài)有:命令、允諾、請求、拒絕、愿望、愿意、義務(wù)、必要、可能、能力、敢于、需要等。

  3)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(ought除外)和助動(dòng)詞shall,will,should,would一樣,后面的動(dòng)詞不定式一般皆不帶。

  形式變化

  1)沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,第三人稱單數(shù)的現(xiàn)在時(shí)也無變化。如:

  I can We can

  You can You can

  He

  They can

  She can

  It

  2)有些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有過去式,有少數(shù)過去式和它的原形相同。

  a)有過去式的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有:

  may -- would

  can ―― could

  may―― night

  shall -- should

  have to -- had to

  b)過去式不變的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有:

  must - must (或had to)

  ought to - ought to

  need---need

  dare - dare(亦可用dared)

  3)大多數(shù)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面可用動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行式、完成式和被動(dòng)形式,如:can(may,must)be doing,can(may,must) have done,can(may,must)be done等。

  否定式

  情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞一樣,后面可直接跟否定詞not?,F(xiàn)將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定式及其否定式的簡略式(簡略式用于口語中)列舉如下:

  shall not--shan't [FB:nt]

  will not---won't [wEunt]

  can not-can't [kB:nt]

  must not-mustn't [5mQsnt]

  should not-- shouldn't

  would not-- wouldn't

  could not-- couldn't

  dare not- daren't [dZEnt]

  need not-- needn't

  在疑問句中的用法

  情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在疑問句中的用法和助動(dòng)詞相同。如:

  May I ask you a question? 我可以問你一個(gè)問題嗎?

  Can you let me use your dictionary for a minute? 你能把字典借我用一會(huì)兒嗎?

  Would you like to visit the heavy machinery plant? 你想?yún)⒂^重型機(jī)器廠嗎?

  注意have to在疑問句中的位置。如:

  Do you have to go out today? 你今天一定得出去嗎?

  Does he have to finish the work tomorrow? 他明天非做完這項(xiàng)工作不可嗎?

  情態(tài)動(dòng)詞--can, could

  can和could

  can的詞義

  表示體力或腦力方面的"能力"或客觀上的"可能"。如:

  Can you ride a bike? Yes,I can.你能騎自行車嗎?是的,我能騎。

  Can Mr. Smith use chopsticks? No,he can't . 史密斯先生會(huì)用筷子嗎?不,他不會(huì)。

  Most women here can read and write now.這里的多數(shù)婦女都能識(shí)字,也會(huì)寫字。

  In China even barren mountains can be turned into fertile fields. 在中國,荒山也能變成良田。

  can用在否定句和疑問句中時(shí)

  在這種句子中,can??梢庵^"可能",表示猜測和推理。如:

  It surely can't be six o'clock already? 不可能已經(jīng)六點(diǎn)鐘了吧?

  You can't be hungry so soon,Tom. You've just had lunch. 頓姆,你不可能餓得這么快,你剛吃過午飯。

  She cannot be so careless. 她不可能這么粗心。

  Where can he be? 他會(huì)在什么地方呢?

  What can he mean? 他會(huì)是什么意思呢?

  It surely can't be six o'clock already? 不可能已經(jīng)是六點(diǎn)鐘了吧?

  [注一] can加動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),也可表示"可能"。如:

  What can he be doing all this time? 他一直會(huì)是在干什么呢?

  She cannot be playing ping-pong now.她現(xiàn)在不可能在打乒乓球。

  [注二] 在日常會(huì)話中,can可代替may表示"允許",may比較正式,如:

  You can drop in any time. 你隨時(shí)都可以來串門。

  Can I use your basin? of course,you can.我可以用你的臉盆嗎?--當(dāng)然可以。

  You can have my seat,I'm going now.我要走了,你坐我的座位吧。

  Could

  could是Call的過去式,表示與過去有關(guān)的1)能力和2)可能(在否定和疑問句中)。如:

  1)We were sure that he could do the work. 我們肯定他能做這工作。

  He was a farmhand. He could not afford to send his son to school. 他是個(gè)雇農(nóng),他供不起兒子上學(xué)。

  2)At that time we thought the Story could not be true.那時(shí)我們以為所說的事不可能是真的。

  [注] could可代替can表示現(xiàn)在,但語氣較為婉轉(zhuǎn)。如:

  could you wait half an hour?請你等半個(gè)小時(shí)好嗎?

  could you please ring up again at six? 六點(diǎn)鐘請你再來電話好嗎?

  could we visit a kindergarten? I've been wanting to see one ever since I came to China.我們可以訪問一個(gè)幼兒園嗎?我自從到中國來以后,一直想看一所幼兒園。

  [注二]表示過去的能力并已完成一具體動(dòng)作時(shí)須用were (was) able (to),不可用could。如:

  I am glad we were able to catch the train. 我很高興我們能趕上火車。但如未完成一具體動(dòng)作,則可用could not。如:

  I am sorry we couldn't (或weren't able to) catch the train.我很遺憾我們沒有能趕上火車。

  can的形式

  can只有現(xiàn)在式can和過去式could兩種形式,能表示現(xiàn)在一般和過去一般兩種時(shí)態(tài),有時(shí)也能表示將來。所有其他時(shí)態(tài)(包括將來)須用be able加動(dòng)詞不定式來表示。如:

  With their help, we shall be able to finish the work in a few days. 有他們的協(xié)助,我們將會(huì)在幾天之內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作。

  They have not been able to come to Boston. 他們沒有能到波斯頓來。

  Mr. Johnson rang up just now to Say that he won't be able to come over this evening.約翰遜先生剛來電話,說今天晚上他來不了。

  can,could用于否定或疑問句中

  can (could)用于否定或疑問句中后面跟動(dòng)詞原形的完成式時(shí),表示對過去發(fā)生事件的"可能性"。而could較can更加表示說話人的"不肯定的"語氣。如:

  Can he have left already? 他會(huì)是走了嗎?

  Could she have forgotten my address? 她會(huì)把我的地址忘記了嗎?

  It couldn't have been henry. He has gone to the factory. 不可能是亨利,他已經(jīng)去工廠了。

  Surely she can not have arrived so early. 他當(dāng)然不可能這么早到這里的。

  [注] could加動(dòng)詞的完成式時(shí),有時(shí)表示"過去可能完成但事實(shí)上并沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作"。如:

  You could have done the work better.你本來可以做得更好些。(事實(shí)上你做得不那么好)

  You could have got the early train.你本來可以搭上早班火車的。(事實(shí)上沒搭上)

  情態(tài)動(dòng)詞--must

  must

  must的詞義

  must表示"必須"或"應(yīng)當(dāng)"。如:

  I must leave at 9:00我必須在九點(diǎn)鐘離開這里。

  Soldiers must obey orders.士兵必須服從命令。

  You must get to the stallion before three o'clock. 你必須在三點(diǎn)鐘以前到達(dá)車站。

  You must come earlier tomorrow.你明天得早點(diǎn)來。

  must的否定式

  must的否定形式must not表示"不應(yīng)該"或

  "不許可",語氣比較強(qiáng)烈。如:

  We mustn't waste our time. 我們不應(yīng)該浪費(fèi)我們的時(shí)間。

  Passengers must not walk across the railway line.旅客不要橫穿鐵路。

  You mustn't miss that modern ballet,It is extremely good. 你可不要錯(cuò)過這個(gè)現(xiàn)代芭蕾舞劇,它好極了。

  One must not divorce oneself from the masses.不應(yīng)該脫離群眾。

  [注]說"不必"須用need not。如:

  Must we hand in our exercises today? -No,You needn't.我們必須今天交練習(xí)嗎? --不,不必今天交。

  must也可表示過去

  must只有現(xiàn)在式,通常用以表示現(xiàn)在,但有時(shí)也可以表示過去(多用在間接引語中)。如:

  He told us we must all be ready by nine.他告訴我們在九點(diǎn)鐘以前都得準(zhǔn)備好。

  It was too late to go back,we must go on.太晚了,回不去了,我們只有繼續(xù)往前走。

  [注] have to (必須)則可以表示各種時(shí)間。如:

  I am afraid You will have to wait a while.我看你得等一會(huì)兒。

  At every step I had to pull my legs out of the snow.我每走一步都得將雙腿從雪中拔出來。

  must也可表示說話人對事物的推測

  但比may肯定得多,相當(dāng)于漢語的"一定"或"準(zhǔn)是"。如:

  He must be in the library now. 他現(xiàn)在準(zhǔn)是在圖書館。

  The old man must be over seventy now.那老人準(zhǔn)有七十多歲了。

  She must know how to do farm work. 她一定懂得怎樣干農(nóng)活。

  You ate very little at breakfast today. You must be hungry now.

  你今天早餐吃得很少,現(xiàn)在一定餓了。

  [注] must加動(dòng)詞原形的進(jìn)行式,也可表示對現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的推測,有"一定"、"準(zhǔn)是"的意思。如:

  She must be working on the experimental plot.她現(xiàn)在一定在試驗(yàn)田里工作。

  must加動(dòng)詞原形的完成式

  說明對過去事物的推測,表示"一定"或"準(zhǔn)是"的意思。如:

  I mailed the letter two weeks ago. She must have received it.

  我是兩星期以前發(fā)的信,她一定已經(jīng)收到了。

  She must have studied English before. 她以前一定學(xué)過英語。

  How did you know about it? Somebody must have told you. 你怎么知道這事的?一定有人告訴你了。

  情態(tài)動(dòng)詞--may, might

  may和might

  may表示"允許"或"請求"

  May I come in? -Yes,do. 我可以進(jìn)來嗎?--請進(jìn)。

  May I borrow you raincoat? 我可以借用你的雨衣嗎?

  You may go now. 你現(xiàn)在可以走了。

  You may ring us up any time during office hours.在辦公時(shí)間你可以隨時(shí)給我們打電話。

  [注] may表示"允許"的否定形式是must not(不應(yīng)該,不許可)。如:

  May I take this book out of the reading-room? -No,you mustn't. 我可以把這本書拿出閱覽室嗎? --不行。

  may還可表示說話人的猜測,認(rèn)為某一事情"或許"或"可能"發(fā)生

  We may call on you this evening.我們也許今天晚上來看你。

  She may not go to the concert tonight.今晚她可能不去聽音樂會(huì)了。

  The news may or may not be true. 消息也許是真的,也許不是真的。

  [注] may用在感嘆句中可表示祝愿,愿望如:

  May you succeed.祝你成功。

  May you have a pleasant journey.一路平安。

  might為may的過去式

  The speaker said we might ask him any question.作報(bào)告的人說我們可以向他提任何問題。

  He said he might go to the Palace Museum on Sunday. 他說他星期天可能去參觀故宮博物院。

  [注一]night也可代替may,表示現(xiàn)在,但語氣較為婉轉(zhuǎn)客氣或更加不肯定。如:

  He night not come today.今天他也許不來了。

  Might I make a suggestion? 我可以提個(gè)建議嗎?

  [注二]might用來表示現(xiàn)在時(shí),還可表示"規(guī)勸",如:

  You might,pay more attention to spoken English.你要更多地注意英語口語。

  You might shut the windows. The wind is blowing so hard outside.關(guān)上窗戶吧。外面風(fēng)很大。

  may (might)后加動(dòng)詞的完成式

  表示對過去的推測,認(rèn)為某一事情在過去"可能"發(fā)生。這里may和might都指過去,不過might較為含蓄委婉或更加不肯定(常用于肯定結(jié)構(gòu))。如:

  Nick may (might) have gone to the library.尼克可能到圖書館去了。

  Our manager may (might) have gone to Harbin last weekend.

  我們的經(jīng)理上周末可能已經(jīng)去哈爾濱了。

  She may (might) have missed the plane.她也許沒趕上飛機(jī)。

  [注一] may和might常用在so that和in order that所引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中(現(xiàn)在英語中還經(jīng)常用can)。如:

  Write is in simple language in order that everybody may understand it. 為了大家都看得懂,你要用簡明的文字寫。

  He died,so that others night 1iye.他為了別人而犧牲了。

  [注三] might加動(dòng)詞的完成式,可說明某一事情在過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)并含有"勸告"甚至"責(zé)備"的意思。如:

  You might have told me earlier.你本來可以早點(diǎn)告訴我的。

  You might have been more careful.你本來可以多加小心。

  情態(tài)動(dòng)詞--have to

  have to

  have to加動(dòng)詞原形

  表示"不得不"、"必須"的概念。它比must更含有"客觀條件使得必須如此做"的意思,并有較多的時(shí)態(tài)。如:

  Mr. Johnson has to work very hard to earn a living.約翰遜先生為了謀生不得不拼命干活。

  I had to leave the party early last night. I wasn't very well.昨晚我只得早點(diǎn)離開晚會(huì),我不大舒服。

  We will have to get up very early tomorrow.我們明天必須起得很早。

  I shall have to go to the clinic today for my bad cough.我咳嗽得厲害,今天必須去診療所看看。

  [注]口語中的I have got to,you have got to等:I have to,you have to. Have I got to?和Do I have to?這兩種疑問形式均可用。

  [英語語法手冊]情態(tài)動(dòng)詞--shall

  shall

  shall作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于第二、三人稱

  可表示說話人給對方的"命令"、"警告"、"允諾"、"威脅"等概念。如:

  You shall do it,whether you want to or not. 不管你愿意不愿意,你必須做這項(xiàng)工作。(命令)

  You shall have the book as soon as I finish it.這本書我一看完就給你。(允諾)

  You shall pay for it.你一定會(huì)受到懲罰的。(威脅)

  在疑問句中,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞shall用于第一、三人稱

  表示說話人征求對方的意見或向?qū)Ψ秸埵?。如?/p>

  What shall I do now? 我現(xiàn)在該做什么?

  Shall we go for a walk? 我們?nèi)ド⒉胶脝?

  Shall he come tomorrow? 你要他明天來嗎?

  情態(tài)動(dòng)詞--should

  should

  情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Should表示"勸告"、 "建議 "時(shí)

  這時(shí)should常譯作 "應(yīng)當(dāng)"。如:

  We Should learn about the computer and make full use of it.我們應(yīng)該了解計(jì)算機(jī)并加以充分利用。

  You should listen to the doctor's advice.你應(yīng)當(dāng)聽大夫的話。

  You should study the article care fully. 你應(yīng)當(dāng)細(xì),心學(xué)習(xí)這篇文章。

  should還可以表示 "預(yù)測"、"可能"

  They should be here by now.他們現(xiàn)在可能到了。

  The reference book should be in the reading-room.這本參考書可能在閱覽室里。

  should有時(shí)表示說話人的感情如驚奇、憤怒、失望等

  Why should I go? 我干嗎要去?(不滿)

  I am sorry that he Should be so obstinate.我很遺憾,他竟這樣固執(zhí)。(失望)

  It's strange that it should be so hot today.很怪,今天怎么這么熱。(驚奇)

  should后跟動(dòng)詞的完成式時(shí)

  這時(shí)句子指的是過去的事情。如果是肯定句,常說明某件事本應(yīng)完成而未完成;如果是否定句,表示發(fā)生了不應(yīng)當(dāng)發(fā)生的事情.如:

  You should have stopped at in red light. 你見了紅燈本應(yīng)該停車。

  You Should not have gone back to work without the doctor's permission.你不應(yīng)當(dāng)未經(jīng)醫(yī)生許可就回去工作。

  He Should have come earlier. 他應(yīng)早一點(diǎn)來。

  情態(tài)動(dòng)詞--will

  Will

  情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Will

  可用于各人稱,表示 "意志"、"意愿"、"決心"、"允諾"等。如:

  I will try. 我愿一試。

  I will do my best. 我一定盡力而為。

  We will never do it again. 我們永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)再做此事了。

  Which will you fake?你要哪一個(gè)?

  Who will go with me? 誰愿和我一同去?

  will在疑問句中用子第二人稱時(shí)

  這時(shí)句子表示說話人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣埱蠡蛟儐枴H纾?/p>

  Will you please explain the sentence once more?請你再把這個(gè)句子解釋一遍好嗎?

  Will you have western food or Chinese food,Mr. Smith? 史密斯先生,你吃西餐還是中餐?

  Will you pass me the butter? 請你把黃油遞給我好嗎?

  注意下面句中的won't亦表請求:

  Won't you come in ?請進(jìn)來好嗎?

  [注一] 在條件狀語從句中須用現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)表將來,但當(dāng)will用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表意愿時(shí),則亦可用于條件狀語從句,如I'll be glad if you will come.(你如愿來,我將會(huì)很高興)。

  [注二]will在下面句子中 = I suppose(我猜想)或probably(大概)。如:

  This will be the room you are looking for. 這大概就是你要找的那個(gè)房間。

  You will remember the story I told you the other day.你們大概還記得我那天給你們講的那個(gè)故事。

  [注三]will有時(shí)表示一種習(xí)慣動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如:

  Water will boil at 100 degrees Centigrade.水總是在攝氏100度煮沸。

  Boys will be boys.男孩子總是男孩子。

  情態(tài)動(dòng)詞--would

  Would

  是will的過去式,可用于各人稱,表示過去時(shí)間的"意志"、"愿望"和 "決心"等。如:

  He declared that he would do everything to help us. 他說要盡一切可能來幫助我們。

  I told peter that I would go along wit him.我告訴彼得我要跟他一塊去。

  All in e doctors and nurses told Dr. Bethune not to give his own blood to the wounded, but he wouldn't listen.和護(hù)士勸白求恩大夫不要把自己的血輸給傷員,但是他不聽。

  would用來表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間時(shí)

  這時(shí)would不論是表達(dá)說話人本身的意志或向?qū)Ψ教岢稣埱螅^will婉轉(zhuǎn)。如:

  Would you tell us something about yourself? 請跟我們談?wù)勀阕约汉脝?

  Would you like to have a glass of wine? 你要喝杯酒嗎?

  Would you please tell me the way to the nearest bus-stop? 請告訴我去最近的公共汽車站怎么走好嗎?

  Would you mind helping me with my packing? 請你幫我打打行李好嗎?

  [注]在日常會(huì)話中,I would like to和I should like to都可以說,I would like的簡略式為I'd like。如:

  I should (would) like to have a look at the new television set.我想看看這架新電視機(jī)。

  I'd like to borrow a copy of Alice in Wonderland.我要借一本《愛麗絲漫游奇境記》。

  Would還可以表示過去習(xí)慣發(fā)生的動(dòng)作

  I found that retired persons would often go to the park to play chess.我發(fā)現(xiàn)退休的人經(jīng)常到公園里下棋。

  When he had a problem to solve,he would work at it until he found an answer.當(dāng)他有個(gè)問題要解決時(shí),他總是想辦法一直到找到答案為止。

  情態(tài)動(dòng)詞--ought

  ought

  ought只有一種形式,后面須跟帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。Ought表示"有義務(wù)或必要"做某件事,還可表示"勸告"。如:.

  You ought to follow the old man's advice.你應(yīng)當(dāng)聽那位老人的話。

  You oughtn't to smoke so much.你不應(yīng)當(dāng)抽煙太多。

  You ought to go to the clinic at once. You don't look well.你臉色不好,應(yīng)該馬上到醫(yī)務(wù)室去。

  [注]ought表示"應(yīng)該",語氣比should 強(qiáng)。

  ought后加動(dòng)詞不定式的完成式時(shí)

  指過去的動(dòng)作。如用肯定形式(ought to have done),表示某一件事該做而未做,相當(dāng)于should have done。如用否定形式(ought not to have done),則表示一件不該做的事情發(fā)生了,相當(dāng)于should not have done。如:

  He ought to have done the exercise more carefully.這個(gè)練習(xí)他應(yīng)當(dāng)作得更細(xì)心一些。

  I ought to have returned these books to the library last week. 我上星期就應(yīng)當(dāng)把這些書還給圖書館。

  You ought not to have been so rude.你不該這樣粗魯。

  You ought not to have taken his skates without asking him.你不該沒有得到他的許可就把他的冰鞋拿走。

  情態(tài)動(dòng)詞--dare

  dare (敢)

  的用法和其他動(dòng)詞有所不同。dare用于否定句或疑問句中時(shí),其用法和其他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一樣,即dare本身無變化,后面所跟的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。如:

  They dare not tell the truth.他們不敢說真話。

  Dare he admit his mistake? 他敢于承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤嗎?

  He dared say no more。他不敢再說了。

  但是dare用在肯定結(jié)構(gòu)中時(shí),后面的動(dòng)詞不定式可加to。如:

  Young people should dare to think,dare to speak and dare to act.青年人要敢想、敢說、敢干。

  [注一]在否定句或疑問句中,dare也可用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,用助動(dòng)詞do來幫助,后面的動(dòng)詞不定式可帶to。如:

  Do they dare to do it? 他們敢做這事嗎?

  The enemy did not dare to come out after dark.敵人夜間不敢出來。

  [注二]注意下面將兩種不同動(dòng)詞揉合在一起的說法。如:

  I didn't dale come.我不敢來。

  Who dares stop me? 誰敢阻攔我?

  [英語語法手冊]情態(tài)動(dòng)詞--need

  need(需要)

  的用法與dare幾乎完全相同。即在否定句或疑問句中,和其他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一樣,本身無變化,后面用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式;在肯定句中時(shí),和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一樣,后面的動(dòng)詞不定式要帶to,第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)加-s,并有時(shí)態(tài)的變化。如:

  Need we return the magazines today?我們今天需要把雜志還回去嗎?

  Every member needs to pay only a little money a year to get medical care.每個(gè)成員每年只需繳一點(diǎn)錢就可以得到醫(yī)療。

  You need not write down your translation. You may do it orally. 你們不必寫下這個(gè)翻譯練習(xí),口頭做就行了。

  [注]與dare一樣,在否定句或疑問句里,need也可和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞相同,用助動(dòng)詞to do來幫助,后面的動(dòng)詞不定式必須帶to。如:

  Do they need to take any tools with them? -No., they don't need to.他們需要帶工具嗎? --不需要。

  He did not need to go there early that day. 那天他不必早去。

  need后面有名詞作賓語時(shí)

  完全用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,表示"需要"或"缺乏"某件事物。這時(shí),它的變化和一般實(shí)義動(dòng)詞完全相同。如:

  I need a dictionary.我需要字典。

  You need a hair-cut. 你該理發(fā)了。

  Do you need a fountain-pen? 你需要一支自來水筆嗎?

  I don't need a new jacket. 我不需要一件新茄克衫。

  Mary looks tried,she needs a rest. 瑪麗看上去累了,需要休息。

  Needn't后加動(dòng)詞不定式(不帶to)的完成式時(shí)

  指過去已做了但勿須做的動(dòng)作。如:

  You needn't have watered the vegetables,as it is going to rain.你滿可以不必澆菜,天要下雨了。

  You needn't have brought your umbrella. We are going by taxi你滿可以不必帶傘,我們要坐出租汽車去。

  [注一]注意didn't have to和didn't nee to則常表示過去未做也勿須做的動(dòng)作。如:

  I didn't have to interpret it for her,for she knows Chinese.我勿須為她翻譯,她懂漢語。

  I didn't need to take a taxi; it is only five minutes walk to the station.到車站只須走五分鐘,我不需要坐出租汽車。

  [注二] used to和had better也可看作是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞used to表示過去的習(xí)慣,但現(xiàn)在已無此習(xí)慣(would表過去習(xí)慣時(shí)則無此含義)。如:

  When I was young,I used to play football.我小時(shí)常踢足球。

  He didn't use to come. (或用usedn't to)他過去不常來。

  Did he used to come? (亦可說used he to...?)他過去常來嗎?had better表可取,意為"應(yīng)該"或"最好"。如:

  We had better go now. 我們最好走吧。

  You'd better stop now.你現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該停下來。(對長輩不可用had better)

  Hadn't we better go now? 我們現(xiàn)在走不好嗎?(had better一般不用于肯定疑問句)

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