英語(yǔ)詞法和句法與高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空模擬題
英語(yǔ)詞法和句法與高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空模擬題
英語(yǔ)詞類(lèi)的形式變化有：名詞和代詞的數(shù)、格和性的形式變化;動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣等形式變化;以及形容詞和副詞比較等級(jí)的形式變化。小編在這里整理了相關(guān)資料，希望能幫助到您。
[英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法手冊(cè)]英語(yǔ)詞法和句法
1.詞法(morphology)詞法研究的對(duì)象是各種詞的形式及其用法。
英語(yǔ)詞類(lèi)的形式變化有：名詞和代詞的數(shù)、格和性的形式變化;動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣等形式變化;以及形容詞和副詞比較等級(jí)的形式變化。
2.句法(syntax)句法研究的對(duì)象是句子各個(gè)組成部分及其安排的規(guī)律。
[英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法手冊(cè)]詞類(lèi)和句子成分的關(guān)系
在句子里，一定的句子成分由一定的詞類(lèi)來(lái)?yè)?dān)任?，F(xiàn)將哪些句子成分通常由哪些詞類(lèi)來(lái)?yè)?dān)任列述如下：
主語(yǔ)：名詞和代詞
Beijing is the capital of our country.北京是我國(guó)的首都。(名詞Beijing作主語(yǔ))
She is fond of sports.她愛(ài)好運(yùn)動(dòng)。(代詞She作主語(yǔ))
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞
My brother rides. his bicycle to work.我哥哥騎自行車(chē)上班。(動(dòng)詞rides作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)
表語(yǔ)：名詞、代詞和形容詞
His father is a doctor.他父親是個(gè)醫(yī)生。(名詞doctor作表語(yǔ))
The lesson is easy and Short.這課書(shū)又容易又短。(形容詞easy和short作表語(yǔ))
That classroom is ours，那個(gè)教室是我們的。(代詞ours作表語(yǔ))
賓語(yǔ)：名詞和代詞
I love music.我熱愛(ài)音樂(lè)。(名詞music作賓語(yǔ))
The medicine is good for her.這藥對(duì)她有效。(代詞her作賓語(yǔ))
定語(yǔ)：形容詞
Li Hong is an excellent teacher.李紅是一位好老師。(形容詞excellent作定語(yǔ))
狀語(yǔ)：副詞
Our monitor does well in English.我們班長(zhǎng)英語(yǔ)學(xué)得好。(副詞well作狀語(yǔ))
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法手冊(cè)]短語(yǔ)、從句和句子
短語(yǔ)(phrase)具有一定意義但不構(gòu)成從句或句子的一組詞，叫做短語(yǔ)。短語(yǔ)在句子里可以單獨(dú)作為一個(gè)句子成分。短語(yǔ)的種類(lèi)很多，但本書(shū)只用下列幾個(gè)短語(yǔ)名稱(chēng)：
a)不定式短語(yǔ)(infinitive phrase)如He 1ikes to read newspapers after lunch(他喜歡在午飯后讀報(bào))中的to read newspapers after lunch。
b)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)(gerundial phrase)如：
Staying indoors all day is unhealthy(整天呆在家里不利于健康)中的staymg indoors all day。
c)分詞短語(yǔ)(participial phrase)如：
I saw many people walking along the lake(我看見(jiàn)許多人在湖邊散步)中的walking along the lake。
d)介詞短語(yǔ)(prepositional phrase)如：
He came by bus(他乘公共汽車(chē)來(lái))中的by bus。
從句(clause)內(nèi)含主語(yǔ)部分和謂語(yǔ)部分，表達(dá)一定的概念，但不成為一個(gè)獨(dú)立句子的一組詞，叫做從句。從句在句子里可以作為一個(gè)句子成分，一般由連詞、關(guān)
系代詞或關(guān)系副詞所引導(dǎo)。
從句在句中可用作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等句子成分;
a)主語(yǔ)從句(subject clause)如What I want to say is this(我要說(shuō)的是這么一點(diǎn))中的what I want to say。
b)表語(yǔ)從句(predicative clause)如This is what I want to say(這是我要說(shuō)的)中的what I want to say。
c)賓語(yǔ)從句(object clause)如I have said what I want to say(我說(shuō)完了我要說(shuō)的話)中的what I want to say。
d)定語(yǔ)從句(attributive clause)如This is the thing I want to say(這就是我要說(shuō)的)中的I want to say。
e)狀語(yǔ)從句(adverbial clause)如If you want to say something，say it clearly(假如你要說(shuō)什么，就應(yīng)說(shuō)清楚)中的if you want to say something。
句子(sentence)內(nèi)含主語(yǔ)部分和謂語(yǔ)部分，有比較完整的意義的一組詞，叫做句子。
從句子結(jié)構(gòu)本身來(lái)看，句子可分為：
a)簡(jiǎn)單句(simple sentence)只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)部分和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)部分，如：
The people's Republic of China was founded in 1949.中華人民共和國(guó)于一九四九年成立。
b)并列句(compound sentence)包括兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句，中間常由連詞連接，如：
Tom's father worked from morning till night but he got very little money.湯姆的父親從早干到晚，但掙得的錢(qián)很少。
c)復(fù)合句(complex sentence)內(nèi)含一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句，如：
It's a long time since I saw you last.好久沒(méi)有看見(jiàn)你了。
從說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話的目的來(lái)看，句子可分為：
a)陳述句(declarative sentence)用來(lái)敘述一件事，如：
I saw him yesterday.昨天我看見(jiàn)他了。
b)疑問(wèn)句(interrogative sentence)用來(lái)提出疑問(wèn)，如：
Did you see him yesterday?你昨天見(jiàn)到他了嗎?
c)祈使句(imperative sentence)表示請(qǐng)求、命令等，如：
Please come in.請(qǐng)進(jìn)來(lái)。
d)感嘆句(exclamatory sentence)表示喜怒等各種情感，如：
What a beautiful voice she has!她嗓子多好啊!
高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空模擬題
一
My favourite season is winter. You're probably thinking I'm slightly mad — after all, who doesn't love summer? Winter, in 1. ________ (it) own way, is wonderful. For anyone who still needs to be convinced, let me explain 2. ________ I love winter.
During November, Christmas markets appear in 3. ________ number of towns and cities across the UK. London's Hyde Park becomes a huge winter wonderland, 4. ________ there are countless small shops selling food and gifts. Christmas markets have something for everyone. And this provides great entertainment!
The weather gets noticeably colder: the mornings are often frosty and the nights close to freezing. I like the cold weather — for me, there's something nice about wearing a thick winter coat with a scarf and 5. ________ (glove).
Along with countless school children across the UK, I get very 6. ________ (excite) about the thought of snow. A few years ago there was a lot of snow and many schools had the day off. Snowball fights are great fun and many families enjoy 7. ________ (build) snowmen together. I love a white Christmas; 8. ________ (unfortunate) this doesn't happen often in the UK.
Throughout December, many churches and schools hold carol concerts: lots of 9. ________ (tradition) songs are sung. Christmas dinner is my favourite meal of the year. In my house, Christmas dinner usually 10. ________ (include) turkey, potatoes and lots of vegetables, followed by Christmas cake, pies and lots of chocolate!
二
1. ________ (think) about my time in France, I noticed quite a few differences between the French and the English.
In French, there are two ways 2. ________ (say) "you": "tu" is the informal form, while “vous” is the formal form. When I learnt French, I 3. ________ (teach) to call everyone vous unless they were my family or a friend. So I was surprised that 4. ________ (actual) everyone in France used tu all the time. But I continued to use vous because I didn't want people to think I was being 5. ________ (polite). To be honest, I'm thankful that in English we don't have to worry about these things!
School children in the UK traditionally wear a school uniform but in France pupils do not wear a uniform. It was a culture shock 6. ________ me to see children wearing Spiderman T-shirts and baggy blue jeans while in the classroom. The final difference which struck me was the 7. ________ (relax) attitude at school. Teachers were never in 8. ________ rush, and the children and teachers are given long breaks and lots of time to eat 9. ________ (they) lunch. This is a contrast to the UK, 10. ________ the school day might seem to be filled with pressure. I found the differences puzzling at times, but I cannot deny what a great opportunity it was to live in another country.
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