英語語法主動(dòng)一致的若干規(guī)則
英語語法主動(dòng)一致的若干規(guī)則
主動(dòng)一致是英語少用到的語法,但是只要在作文上用了就是很提分的語法。小編在這里整理了相關(guān)資料,希望能幫助到您。
主動(dòng)一致的若干規(guī)則
主語和動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)變化:
單數(shù):
主語前有every, each或no修飾時(shí)。不定代詞each, either, neither,another以及包含every, any, no的合成不定代詞。news(消息),
math(數(shù)學(xué))等抽象概念。表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢、重量等的名詞。
復(fù)數(shù):
people(人、人民),police(警察)。
單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù):
由and或both...and連接兩個(gè)或以上名詞時(shí)、指兩個(gè)人事物,復(fù)數(shù);指同一人事物,單數(shù).
all——指人時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù);指事物時(shí)用單數(shù)。
family, class, team等集合名詞葉作為整體時(shí),用單數(shù);指單獨(dú)成員時(shí),用復(fù)數(shù)。
“the+形容詞”*若指一類人,復(fù)數(shù);若指某一人,單數(shù)。
with, together with, along with等句型葉單復(fù)數(shù)與前方主語一致。
由or, either"""or, neither"""nor等連接的對(duì)等主語葉單復(fù)數(shù)依最接近的主語而定。
POINT 1 對(duì)等結(jié)構(gòu)作主語
1.兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單數(shù)名詞或代詞,由and或both.... and連接時(shí),如果指的是兩個(gè)人或事物,動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
例子:
He and I are good friends.
我和他是好朋友。
A teacher and a writer are going to speak at the meeting.
一個(gè)老師和一個(gè)作家將在會(huì)議上發(fā)言。
如果由and連接的兩個(gè)詞指的是同一個(gè)人、同一個(gè)事物或同一種概,動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。
例子:The teacher and writer is going to speak at the meeting.
這位老師兼作家將在會(huì)議上發(fā)言。
Time and tide waits for no man.
(諺語)歲月不待人。
2.由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語,前面有every, each或n。修飾時(shí),意義上仍為單數(shù),動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
例子:
Every boy and every girl is taught to read and write.
每一個(gè)男孩和女孩都在學(xué)習(xí)讀和寫。
3.當(dāng)主語后面跟有w i th, together w i th(和····一起),along with(和····一起),as we I I as(除……之外)等引導(dǎo)的短語時(shí),其動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要和w i th, together w i th等之前的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。
例子:
A teacher with fifteen students is playing in the playground.
一個(gè)老師和,5個(gè)學(xué)生在操場玩。
Tom together with his friends goes swimming every day in summer.
在夏天,湯姆天天和他的朋友們一起去游泳。
He as well as you is good at painting.
他和你一樣.也擅長于繪畫。
4.由or, eitherwor, neitherwnor等連接的對(duì)等主語,動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)依最接近它的主語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式而定,這也稱為比鄰一致的原則。
例子:
You or I am to go to the bus stop.
你或者是我將去公車站。
Either you or he knows something about it
不是你就是他知道有關(guān)此事的一些情況。
POINT 2 不定代詞作主語
不定代詞each, either, neither, another以及包含every, any, no的合成 不定代詞,在意義上都屬于單數(shù)。它們作主語時(shí),動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
例子:Each of them is trying his best.
他們每一個(gè)人都在盡最大努力。
Nobody was seen in the playground.
操場上看不到人。
Everybody is here.
大家都在這里。
Something is better than nothing.
(諺語)有比沒有好。
POINT 3 集合名詞作主語
1.people(人、人民),police(警察)等詞作主語時(shí),動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
例子:
There are three people in my family.
我家有3口人。
The police are standing there.
警察們正站在那里。
2. all指人時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞,指事物時(shí)用單數(shù)。
回*All are here.
大家都到了。
卜All goes well.
一切都很好。
3. family, class, team等集合名詞作為一個(gè)整體看待時(shí),動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;
all指其中各個(gè)成員時(shí),動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。比較:
例子:
My family is a big one.
我家是個(gè)大家庭。
His family are all working in Taipei.
他全家人都在臺(tái)北工作。
The class has fifty students.
這個(gè)班有50個(gè)學(xué)生。
The class are listening to their teacher.
這個(gè)班的學(xué)生正在聽老師講話。
POINT 4 抽象名詞作主語
news(消息),math(數(shù)學(xué))等詞作主語時(shí),動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
例子:The news is very good. Where did you hear it?
這消息很好。你從哪兒聽來的?
Math is my hardest subject.
數(shù)學(xué)是我覺得最難的科目。
POINT 5 數(shù)量概念作主語
表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢、重量等名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí),把這些復(fù)數(shù)詞看作一個(gè)整體,動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
例子:
Ten years is a long time.
10年是很長的時(shí)間。
Ten minutes is enough.
10分鐘就夠了。
Twenty dollars has been paid.
已經(jīng)付過20美元了。
POINT 6 名詞化的形容詞作主語
主語是由“the+形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任,如果指一類人,動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;如果指某一個(gè)人,動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
例子:The rich are not always happy.
有錢人也有不開心的時(shí)候。
The old are taken good care of in the city.
在這個(gè)城市里,老人得到了很好的照顧。
The young like the game.
年輕人喜歡這種游戲。
容易犯錯(cuò)的句子:
1.大家都到齊了,沒有人缺席。
錯(cuò):Everyone are here. No one are away.
對(duì):Everyone is here. No one is absent.
不定代詞everyone, everybody, anyone, anybody, no one, nobody等,在意義上都被看作單數(shù)。它們作主語時(shí).動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
2.我們兩個(gè)人都沒去過陽明山。
錯(cuò):Neither of us have been to Yang Ming Mountain.
對(duì):Neither of us has been to Yang Ming Mountain.
當(dāng)neither, either, any等詞單獨(dú)作主語或與of短語一起作主語時(shí),其后動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。又如:
Either of the answers is right.
兩個(gè)答案中有一個(gè)是正確的。
3.他們每個(gè)人都有一個(gè)蘋果。
錯(cuò):Each of them have an apple.
對(duì):Each of them has an apple.
不定代詞each或與of短語連用作主語時(shí).動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。
4.美國是一個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)的國家。
錯(cuò):The United States are a developed country.
對(duì):The United States is a developed country.
以一s結(jié)尾的國名、書刊名、組織名稱等作主語時(shí).動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。
5.我認(rèn)為數(shù)學(xué)比英語難得多。
錯(cuò):I think math are much more difficult than English.
對(duì):I think math is much more difficult than English.
以一s結(jié)尾的表示學(xué)科的名詞如math(數(shù)學(xué)),physics(物理),politic(政治)等形式上是復(fù)數(shù),實(shí)際上是單數(shù)概念。它們作主語時(shí),其動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。
6.格林家一定在吃早飯。
錯(cuò):The Greens is having breakfast.
對(duì):The Greens are having breakfast.
"the+姓的復(fù)數(shù)”表示“某一家人”或“某某夫婦”,是復(fù)數(shù)概念,作主語時(shí).其動(dòng)詞須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
7.她的衣服看起來很漂亮。
錯(cuò):Her clothes looks very nice.
對(duì):Her clothes look very nice.
clothes(衣服)是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,不能作單數(shù)用。當(dāng)clothes作主語時(shí),其動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
8.這雙鞋是我的。
錯(cuò):This pair of shoes are mine.
對(duì):This pair of shoes is mine.
一些由兩個(gè)部分構(gòu)成的衣物或工具名詞,如glasses(眼鏡),shoes(鞋),socks(短襪),stockings(長統(tǒng)襪),trousers(褲子)等作主語
時(shí),動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。My shoes are worn out.我的鞋穿壞了。但當(dāng)這些名詞前面有pair of, this pair of, a kind of, this kind of等短劇多飾時(shí),動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù),如:
This pair of shoes looks nice.
這雙鞋看起來很漂亮。
9.我們?nèi)叶枷矚g看電視。
錯(cuò):My family enjoy watching TV.
對(duì):My family enjoys watching TV.
有些集合名詞如family, class, group等作主語時(shí),若看作是各個(gè)成員時(shí),動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。若看作整體,動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
His family is a big one.
他家是個(gè)大家庭。
The class has fifty students.
這個(gè)班有50個(gè)學(xué)生。
The class are having an English lesson.
這個(gè)班的學(xué)生正在上英語課。
10.兩個(gè)月是很長的一段時(shí)間。
錯(cuò):Two months are a long time.
對(duì):Two months is a long time.
表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢、重量等名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí),這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞被看作一個(gè)整體,動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
Five minutes is enough.
五分鐘就夠了。
11.格林先生和幾個(gè)學(xué)生被派去協(xié)助約翰。
錯(cuò):Mr. Green with some students were sent to help John.
對(duì):Mr. Green with some students was sent to help John.
當(dāng)主語后面跟的with, together with, along with, as well as, like, but, except 等短語,動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式和這些短語之前的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致,動(dòng)詞的形式不受這些短語的影響。
No one except my parents knows the secret.
除了我的父母外.沒有人知道這個(gè)秘密。
12.你和我都不對(duì)。
錯(cuò):Neither you nor I are right.
對(duì):Neither you nor I am right.
由:or, eitherwor, neitherwnorw, not onlywbut also二等連接的對(duì)等主語,
其動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要依最接近它的主語的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。
Either you or he is right.
你和他其中一個(gè)是對(duì)的。
13.星期天沒有老師和學(xué)生在校。
錯(cuò):No teacher and no student are school on Sundays.
對(duì):No teacher and no student is at school on Sundays.
由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語,前面有each, every或no修飾時(shí),動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。
14.沒有消息就是好消息。
錯(cuò):No news are good news.
對(duì):No news is good news.
主語news是不可數(shù)名詞.意義上是單數(shù).因此動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。
15.不定代詞all,some,most等作主語,其動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式?
all, most, some等不定代詞作主語時(shí),如指的是單數(shù)概念,動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;如指的是復(fù)數(shù)概念,動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
例子:
All of us are busy working.
我們所有的人都忙著工作。
All of the bread was eaten.
所有的面包都吃完了。
Most of the earth is covered with water
地球上大部分地區(qū)都覆蓋著水。
Most of them are young people.
他們當(dāng)中大部分是年輕人。
英語各模塊、題型我是怎么突破的
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閱讀理解
完形填空
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和大家說了這么多,其實(shí),總結(jié)起來,高三提高英語水平和成績的方法只有兩個(gè):第一,不怕吃苦;第二,在不怕吃苦的基礎(chǔ)上不斷調(diào)整自己的學(xué)習(xí)方法,以期尋找到最適合自己的高效學(xué)習(xí)法。
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