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高三英語(yǔ)第一輪復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)

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. 我們?cè)谖覀兊膭趧?dòng)過(guò)程中學(xué)習(xí)思考,勞動(dòng)的結(jié)果,我們認(rèn)識(shí)了世界的奧妙,于是我們就真正來(lái)改變生活了。游手好閑地學(xué)習(xí),并不比學(xué)習(xí)游手好閑好。以下是小編給大家整理的高三英語(yǔ)第一輪復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn),希望能幫助到你!

高三英語(yǔ)第一輪復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)1

1. impression

n.印痕;印記;印象;感想

常用結(jié)構(gòu):

have an impression of sth./doing sth. 對(duì)(做)某事有印象

make an impression on sb. 給某人留下印象

make no impression on 對(duì)……無(wú)影響/效果

give sb.a favorable impression 給某人留下好印象

an impression of one’s foot 某人的腳印

Your performance gave me a strong impression.

你的表演給我留下了很深的印象。

What I said made no impression on him.

我的話對(duì)他不起作用。

聯(lián)想拓展

impress v.留下印象

impress sth.on/upon one’s mind 把……牢記在心上

2. lack

v.&n. 缺乏;缺少的東西

注意:lack作名詞時(shí),后常接of。lack作動(dòng)詞時(shí),既可作及物動(dòng)詞,也可以作不及物動(dòng)詞,作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),后常接for或in。lack不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

常用結(jié)構(gòu):

lack sth. 缺少某物

lack for sth. 缺少;需要

for/through lack of... 因缺乏……

no lack of... 不缺乏

a/the lack of ... ……的缺乏

He didn’t go there because he lacked courage.

他沒(méi)去那里,因?yàn)樗狈τ職狻?/p>

The plant died for lack of water.植物因缺水而死。

They lacked for nothing.他們無(wú)所需求。

聯(lián)想拓展

lacking adj. 匱乏的;不足的;沒(méi)有的

be lacking in 缺乏(品質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)等)

She seems to be lacking in common sense.

她似乎缺乏常識(shí)。

3. sight

n. 視力;視覺(jué);看見;光景,奇觀;名勝

常用結(jié)構(gòu):

lose sight of 看不見;忘記;失去

catch sight of sth./sb. 看見某物/人

at first sight 初看之下;乍看起來(lái)

at (the) sight of 一看見就……

out of sight 看不見

be in sight 看得見,在眼前

Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不見,心不煩。

Last summer we had seen the sights of Beijing.

去年夏天我們游覽了北京的名勝。

Crusoe was frightened at the sight of a man’s footprint.

克魯索看到一行人的腳印,他非常害怕。

4. require

vt. 需要;要求;命令

常用結(jié)構(gòu):

require that+主語(yǔ)+(should)+動(dòng)詞原形 需要某人做某事

require sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事

require sth.(of sb.) 要求(某人)某事

I will do everything that is required of me.

凡是要求我的事,我都會(huì)辦到。

The situation requires that I(should)be there.

形勢(shì)需要我去那里。

溫馨提示

require后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句必須用should do的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,其中should可以省略。

另外,表示“需要”,且是物作主語(yǔ)時(shí),后接動(dòng)詞 ?ing形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義,可以等于不定式被動(dòng)形式;在這一點(diǎn)上,need和want用法相同。

The house requires mending.

The house requires to be mended. 房屋需要維修。

All cars require servicing regularly.

所有汽車都需要定期檢修。

They required him to keep it a secret.

他們要求他對(duì)這事保密。

5. assist

vt.&vi. 幫助;援助;參與;出席

常用結(jié)構(gòu):

assist sb. in/with sth. 幫助(某人)某事

assist sb. in doing sth. 幫助(某人)做某事

assist sb. to do sth. 幫助(某人)做某事

assist with 幫助(照料,做);在……上給予幫助

I am willing to assist you whenever there is an opportunity.

有機(jī)會(huì)我愿隨時(shí)幫你。

I’m afraid I can’t assist you, you have to go and see the manager. 我恐怕幫不上忙,你得去找經(jīng)理。

The headmaster assists with a lot of things when free.

有空時(shí)校長(zhǎng)會(huì)幫忙做很多事。

高三英語(yǔ)第一輪復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)2

表強(qiáng)調(diào):

still,indeed,ofcourse,afterall,aboveall,surely,certainly,undoubtedly,inanycase,anyway,infact,especially,obviously,clearly

表比較

like,unlike,similarly,inthesameway,equally,similarto

表對(duì)比

bycontrast,onthecontrary,while.,whereas,ontheotherhand,unlike,instead,but,differentfrom,however,otherwise,yet,theformer…thelatter,once…now,some…other,yearsago…today

表列舉

foronething…andforanother,like

表舉例

Forexample,forinstance,suchas,take…forexample,except[for]

表時(shí)間

Later,next,then,finally,atlast,eventually,meanwhile,fromnowon,fromthenon,atthesametime,forthetimebeing,intheend,immediately,inthemeantime,inthemeanwhile,recently,soon,nowandthen,during,nowadays,since,lately,afterwards,temporarily,earlier,now,afterawhile,when,while,before,after,until,assoonas,then,suddenly,inafewdays,inrecentyears,earlythismorning/year/century,allofsudden,themoment

表順序

First,second,third,firstly,secondly,thirdly,tobeginwith,firstofall,inthefirstplace,last,finally,eventually,intheend,atlast,next,aboveall,firstandmostimportant,meanwhile

表解釋

Inotherwords,infact,asamatteroffact,thatis,thatistosay,namely,

表遞進(jìn)

Whatismore,inaddition,and,alsobesides,too,moreover,furthermore,aswellas,aswell,again,additionally,whatisworse?

表讓步

Although,though,eventhough,afterall,inspiteof,evenif,

表轉(zhuǎn)折

However,ratherthen,insteadof,but,yet,ontheotherhand,unfortunately,despite

表原因

Forthisreason,for,nowthat,thanksto,assince,owingto,because,becauseof,dueto,

表結(jié)果

So,so/such…that,therefore,thus,asaresult,accordingly

總結(jié)

Onthewhole,inconclusion,inaword,tosumup,inbrief,insummary,toconclude,tosummarize,inshort,ingeneral,generallyspeaking,aboveall,afterall

其他

Mostly,occasionally,naturally,mainly,exactly,commonly,forthispurpose,formostofus,inmanycases,inthiscase.

高三英語(yǔ)第一輪復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)3

主語(yǔ)從句

主語(yǔ)從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的從句,通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語(yǔ)it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。

1. It 作形式主語(yǔ)和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較。

It 作形式主語(yǔ)代替主語(yǔ)從句,主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu),主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞沒(méi)有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對(duì)句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào),無(wú)論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分,都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人是也可用who/whom。

例如:

It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.

It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.

It is in the morning that the murder took place.

It is John that broke the window.

2. 用it 作形式主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)。

(1) It is +名詞+從句

It is a fact that … 事實(shí)是…

It is an honor that …非常榮幸

It is common knowledge that …是常識(shí)

(2) it is +形容詞+從句

It is natural that… 很自然…

It is strange that… 奇怪的是…

(3) it is +不及物動(dòng)詞+從句

It seems that… 似乎…

It happened that… 碰巧…

(4) it +過(guò)去分詞+從句

It is reported that… 據(jù)報(bào)道…

It has been proved that… 已證實(shí)…

3. 主語(yǔ)從句不可位于句首的五種情況。

(1) if 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。

(2) It is said , (reported) …結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。

例如:

It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right)

That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong)

(3) It happens…, It occurs… 結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。

例如:

It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right)

That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong)

(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。

例如:

It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. (right)

Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. (wrong)

(5) 含主語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句是疑問(wèn)句時(shí),主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。

例如:

Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right)

Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong)

4. What 與that 在引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別。

What 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)在句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分,如主語(yǔ).賓語(yǔ).表語(yǔ),而that 則不然。

例如:

1) What you said yesterday is right.

2) That she is still alive is a consolation.

賓語(yǔ)從句

賓語(yǔ)從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)的名詞性從句,通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(及物動(dòng)詞)或介詞之后。

1. 作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。

(1) 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句(that 通常可以省略)

例如:

I heard that be joined the army.

(2) 由what, whether (if) 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

例如:

1) She did not know what had happened.

2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.

(3) 動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)從句

例如:

She told me that she would accept my invitation.

2. 作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。

例如:

Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.

3. 作形容詞的賓語(yǔ)。

例如:

I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.

That 引導(dǎo)的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語(yǔ):

Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以將此類詞后的that 從句的看作原因狀語(yǔ)從句。

4. It 可以作為形式賓語(yǔ)。

It 不僅可以作為形式主語(yǔ),還可以作為形式賓語(yǔ)而真正的賓語(yǔ)that 從句則放在句尾,特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子中。

例如:

We heard it that she would get married next month..

5. 后邊不能直接跟that 從句的動(dòng)詞。

這類動(dòng)詞有Allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),但不可以用that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。

例如:

I admire their winning the match. (right)

I admire that they won the match. (wrong)

6. 不可用that從句作直接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。

有些動(dòng)詞不可用于“動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+that從句“結(jié)構(gòu)中,常見的有Envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。

例如:

He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right)

He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong)

7. 否定的轉(zhuǎn)移

若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為Think, consider, wuppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其后的賓語(yǔ)從句若含有否定意義,一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語(yǔ)上,從句謂語(yǔ)用肯定式。

例如:

I don’t think this dress fits you well.(我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。)

表語(yǔ)從句

表語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作表語(yǔ)的名詞性從句,放在系動(dòng)詞之后,一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)從句”??梢越颖碚Z(yǔ)從句的連系動(dòng)詞有be, look, remain, seem等。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的that??墒÷浴A硗?,常用的還有the reason is that… 和It is because 等結(jié)構(gòu)。

例如:

1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.

2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people

3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.

4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.

同位語(yǔ)從句

同位語(yǔ)從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語(yǔ)的名詞性從句。

1. 同位語(yǔ)從句的功能。

同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)于名詞進(jìn)一步解釋,說(shuō)明名詞的具體內(nèi)容,一般由that引導(dǎo)。

例如:

1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.

2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.

2. 同位語(yǔ)在句子中的位置。

同位語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說(shuō)明的名詞后面,而是被別的詞隔開。

例如:

He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.

3. 同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。

(1) 定語(yǔ)從句中的that既代替先行詞,同時(shí)以在從句中作某個(gè)成分(主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)),而同位語(yǔ)從句中的that是連詞,只起連接主句與從句的作用,不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。

(2) 定語(yǔ)從句是形容詞性的,其功能是修飾先行詞,對(duì)先行詞加以限定,描述定的性質(zhì)或特征;同位語(yǔ)從句是名詞性的,其功能是對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。例如:

1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國(guó)。)(第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語(yǔ)從句,that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))

2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(湯姆將出國(guó)的消息是他講的。)(同位語(yǔ)從句,that在句中不作任何成分) 。

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. 我們?cè)谖覀兊膭趧?dòng)過(guò)程中學(xué)習(xí)思考,勞動(dòng)的結(jié)果,我們認(rèn)識(shí)了世界的奧妙,于是我們就真正來(lái)改變生活了。游手好閑地學(xué)習(xí),并不比學(xué)習(xí)游手好閑好。以下是小編給大家整理的高三英語(yǔ)第一輪復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn),希望能幫助到你
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