高中英語重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)
學(xué)習(xí)英語的幫手就是興趣，英語有許多的知識(shí)是需要記憶的，也是學(xué)習(xí)英語的基礎(chǔ)。下面小編給大家分享一些高中英語重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)，希望能夠幫助大家!
高中英語重要知識(shí)1
疑問代詞概說
"疑問代詞有who(誰，主格)，whom(誰，賓格)，whose(誰的，所有格)，what(什么)和which(哪個(gè)，哪些)等。
疑問代詞用于特殊疑問句中
疑問代詞一般都放在句首，并在句中作為某一句子成分。如：
Who is going to speak to us tomorrow?明天誰來跟我們講話?(who作主語)
Who told you so?是誰告訴你的?(who作主語)
Whom are you talking about ?你們?cè)谡f誰?(whom作賓語，但在句首時(shí)口語常用who代替whom)
Whose umbrella is this ?這是誰的傘?(whose作定語)
What is that? 那是什么?(what作表語)
What did he say?他說什么?(what作賓語)
Which is yours，the blue pen or the redone?藍(lán)筆和紅筆哪一支是你的?(which作主語)
[注一]關(guān)于疑問代詞的各種用法，可參看77.70-77.72。
[注二]疑問代詞who，what，which等后面加單詞ever，可強(qiáng)調(diào)語氣，表達(dá)說話人的各種感情。如：
What ever do you want?你到底想要什么?
Who ever is she looking for ?她究竟是在找誰?
[注三]which表示在一定范圍之內(nèi)的選擇，what則沒有這種限制。如：
What do you usually have for lunch?你們午飯通常吃些什么?
Which do you like best?你最喜歡哪一個(gè)?
Which of you comrades come from the Northeast? 你們同志們中間誰是東北人?
疑問代詞可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)間接疑問句
間接疑問句在句中可用作主語、賓語、表語等。疑問代詞本身在間接疑問句中又擔(dān)任一定的句子成分。如：
Who will be in charge of the work is still not decided.誰將負(fù)責(zé)這項(xiàng)工作，現(xiàn)在還沒有決定。(疑問代詞who引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語從句，它本身又在從句中用作主語。)
Do you know what his name is?你知道他叫什么名字嗎?(疑問代詞what引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句，而它本身又在從句中用作表語。)
[注一] what所引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句(即主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句) 有時(shí)不是間接疑問句。如：
What he says is quite true.他所講的話很對(duì)。(what相當(dāng)于that which。它引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語從句，這個(gè)從句不是間接疑問句。)
Children do what the nurse tells them to do.保育員讓孩子干什么他們就做什么。(what引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句，這個(gè)從句也不是間接疑問句。)
[注二] whatever，whoever，whichever等詞可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。這些名詞性從句也不是間接疑問句。whatever，whoever，whichever也可引導(dǎo)表示讓步的狀語從句。見15.65和15.72)如：
They eat whatever they can find.他們找到什么就吃什么。(whatever引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句，并在從句中作賓語。)
I've got plenty of books 1eft.Whoever wants an extra copy can get one from me.我還剩下許多書，誰還想再要一本可來拿。(whoever引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語從句，并在從句中作主語。)
高中英語重要知識(shí)2
關(guān)系代詞
兩種可用來引導(dǎo)從句并將從句和主句連接起來的代詞
這樣的代詞一方面在從句中用作句子成分，可作主語、賓語、定語等;另一方面又起連詞的作用。這樣的代詞有關(guān)系代詞和疑問代詞兩種。
關(guān)系代詞概說
關(guān)系代詞有who，whose，whom，that，which等，用來引導(dǎo)定語從句。它們?cè)诙ㄕZ從句中可用作主語、賓語、定語或表語;另一方面它們又代表主句中為定語從句所修飾的那個(gè)名詞或代詞(這樣的名詞和代詞叫做先行詞)。如：
The man who is talking with Mr. Brown is an eye Specialist和布朗先生談話的那個(gè)人是個(gè)眼科大夫。(關(guān)系代詞who在從句中用作土語，它的先行詞是man)
He is the comrade whom you have been looking for他就是你要找的那位同志。(關(guān)系代詞whom在從句中作賓語，它的先行詞是comrade，whom在口語中一般可省去)
The old man whose son is in the navy used to be carpenter.兒子在海軍的那位老人過去是個(gè)木匠。
(關(guān)系代詞whose在從句中用作定語，先行詞為man)
The film which I saw last night is about a young teacher.我昨晚看的那部電影說的是一個(gè)年輕教師的事。(關(guān)系代詞which在從句中用作賓語，先行詞為film, which在口語中可省略)
This is the plane that will fly to Tokyo in the afternoon.這是下午要飛往東京的飛機(jī)。(關(guān)系代詞that在從句中用作主語，先行詞為plane)
高中英語重要知識(shí)3
不定代詞的用法
不定代詞大都可代替名詞和形容詞，在句中可用作主語、賓語、表語和定語。如：
1.用作主語
Both of them are waiters.他們倆人都是男侍者。
Is everybody here?人都到了嗎?
2.用作賓語
I know little about the novel關(guān)于這本小說我知道的很少。
I am speaking for myself，not for others.我只代表自己，不代表別人發(fā)言。
I was interested in everything that the old man told me.我對(duì)于這位老人告訴我的一切都感興趣。
3.用作表語
That's all for today. class is dismissed.今天就講這一些?，F(xiàn)在下課。
This book is too much for me.這本書對(duì)我說太難了。
4.用作定語
Study well and make progress every day.好好學(xué)習(xí)，天天向上。
He has some English books.他有一些英文書。
china will become a powerful modern country in another twenty years.再過二十年中國(guó)將成為現(xiàn)代化強(qiáng)國(guó)。
[注]有些不定代詞也可用作同位語和狀語。如：
Wang and Li both made good progress.王和李兩人都有很大進(jìn)步。
They all went to the Zoo.他們都去動(dòng)物園了。
Are you any good at mathematics?你數(shù)學(xué)好嗎?
The meeting lasted some two hours.會(huì)議進(jìn)行了兩個(gè)小時(shí)左右。
高中英語重要知識(shí)4
would rather that somebody did…"寧愿……;更愿意……"(表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿?
would rather that somebody had done…"寧愿……;更愿意……"(表示過去的愿望)
[例句]
I'd rather you posted the letter right now. 我想讓你現(xiàn)在去寄信。
I'd rather you were not a celebrated actor. In that case, we could spend more time together.
我到情愿你不是個(gè)知名演員，這樣我們可以有更多的時(shí)間在一起。
I'd rather that I hadn't seen her yesterday. 我情愿昨天沒有看到她。
句型2
as if/though+主語+did/had done…好像……(表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r用過去時(shí);表示過去的情況用過去完成時(shí))[參考句型4]
[例句]
Our head teacher treats us as if we were her own children, so all the students in our class think highly of her.
Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there. Alan談起羅馬來就好像他去過那里似的。
句型3
"wish +賓語從句"，表示不大 可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望
表示現(xiàn)在的愿望：主語+過去時(shí);
表示過去的愿望：主語+had done;
表示將來的愿望：主語+would/could do
[例句]
How I wish we students had more free time to relax ourselves! 我們學(xué)生多么希望有更多的自由時(shí)間放松自己!
I failed in the maths exam. How I wish I hadn't wasted so much time playing!
What a pity you can't go to the party. How I wish I could dance with you at the party!
句型4
It's high/about time that somebody did (should do) (should通常不省略) …早就該……
[例句]
It's time that you went to school.= It's time that you should go to school.
It's high time that we did something to improve our environment. 該是我們?yōu)榄h(huán)保做些事情了。
I think it's high time that she made up her mind. 我想她該拿定主意了。
句型5
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式完成結(jié)構(gòu)的用法
could have done "本來可以……"(表示過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能)。
might have done "本來可能……;本來應(yīng)該或可以做某事"(實(shí)際沒有發(fā)生;含有輕微的責(zé)備語氣。
should/ought to have done "本來該做某事"(而實(shí)際未做)
should not/ought not to have done "本來不該做"(實(shí)際卻做過了，含有責(zé)備語氣)
needn't have done "本來不必做"(但是已經(jīng)做過了)
would rather have done "當(dāng)時(shí)寧愿做了某事"(實(shí)際沒有做過);否定式would rather not have done表達(dá)相反意思，兩者都有表示"后悔"之意。
句型6
as, though, although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。
[注意]although位于句首;though位于句首或句中;as位于句中=though。它的詞序是把句中強(qiáng)調(diào)的形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞或名詞放在連詞前。[參考倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)] 請(qǐng)注意下列句式的變化：
[例句]
1. Although/Though I'm young, I already know what career I want to follow.
→Young as/though I am, I already know what career I want to follow.
我雖然年輕，但我已經(jīng)明白我應(yīng)該追隨什么樣的事業(yè)。
2. Although/Though I respect him very much, I cannot agree with his idea.
→Much as/though I respect him, I cannot agree with his idea. 雖然我很尊重他，但是我不同意他的觀點(diǎn)。
3. Although/Though he is a child, he knows a lot of Chinese characters.
→Child(省略冠詞)as/though he is, he knows a lot of Chinese characters. 他雖然還是個(gè)孩子，卻認(rèn)識(shí)了許多漢字。
4. Although he tried, he couldn't solve the problem.
→Try as he might, he couldn't solve the problem. 盡管他努力了，但是他沒有解決問題。
5. Although it is raining, I'm going out for a walk.
→Raining as it is, I'm going out for a walk. 天雖然在下雨，我還是要出去散步。
6. Strange as it may seem, nobody was injured in the accident. 這次意外雖然顯得不可思議，卻沒有人受傷。
7. Much as I would like to help, I have a lot to do. 雖然我很想幫助你，但是我有很多事要做。
8. Object as you may, I will go. 縱使你反對(duì)，我也要去。
句型7
…before…特殊用法(1)"沒來得及……就……"
[例句]
The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.
他還沒有來得及沖進(jìn)房間救孩子，房頂就塌了。
He ran off before I could stop him. 我還沒有來得及阻止，他已經(jīng)跑了。
To my great disappointment, my favorite singer left the concert before I could have a word with her.
讓我非常失望的是，我還沒有來得及和我最喜歡的歌手打招呼，她就已經(jīng)離開了。
句型8
…before…特殊用法(2)"過了多久才……"或"動(dòng)作進(jìn)行到什么程度才……"
[例句]
They walked about fifty miles to the west before they saw a village.
他們西行50英里才看到一個(gè)村莊。
The workers worked day and night about three days before everything returned to normal.
工人們連續(xù)工作3天才使一切恢復(fù)正常。
He almost knocked me down before he knew it.
他幾乎撞到我了才意識(shí)到。
We had walked a long way before we found some water.
我們走了很長(zhǎng)的路才找到一點(diǎn)水。
Five years went by before I knew it. 不知不覺，五年過去了。
句型9
It was + 時(shí)間段+before…."過了多久才(怎么樣)……"
It was not long before…."不久，就……"
It will (not) be +時(shí)間段+before…."要過多久(不久)……才……"(before從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用一般時(shí)態(tài))
[例句]
It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.不久他就意識(shí)到他處境的危險(xiǎn)。
It was five days before he came back. 五天后他才回來。
It will be half a year before you graduate from the school. 再過半年你才能畢業(yè)。
It will not be long before they understand each other. 他們大概不久就會(huì)互相了解。
句型10
in case of…(+n.) "以防;萬一";
in case that…"以防，萬一……"(謂語動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或should+動(dòng)詞原形)
[例句]
In case of fire, what should we do?
Please remind me about it in case I forget/should forget. 萬一我忘了，請(qǐng)?zhí)嵝盐摇?/p>
In case (that) John comes/should come, please tell him to wait.
Please take your umbrella in case (that it rains/should rain).帶上雨傘，以防下雨。
高中英語重要知識(shí)5
一. 直接引語和間接引語
(一)直接引述別人的原話，叫做直接引語;用自己話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫做間接引語。間接引語一般構(gòu)成賓語從句。直接引語必須放在引號(hào)內(nèi)，間接引語則不用引號(hào)。直接引語改為間接引語時(shí)，除將引語部分變成賓語從句外，還必須對(duì)直接引語中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等進(jìn)行改變。
1. 時(shí)態(tài)的變化：直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，通常受轉(zhuǎn)述動(dòng)詞said, asked等的影響而使用過去化的時(shí)態(tài)，即把原來的時(shí)態(tài)向過去推，也就是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)橐话氵^去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去進(jìn)行時(shí)，等等。例如：
Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.”
→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.
2. 人稱代詞、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等等的變化： 根據(jù)意義進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的變化，例如：
She asked Jack,“Where have you been?”
→She asked Jack where he had been.
He said,“These books are mine.”
→He said that those books were his.
(二)直接引語改為間接引語時(shí)，都使用陳述語序，但是因?yàn)樵涞木涫讲煌?，所以變成間接引語時(shí)所用的連詞會(huì)有所不同。直接引語如果是一般疑問句，用連接詞whether或if;如果是特殊疑問句，則用疑問詞引導(dǎo)間接引語。轉(zhuǎn)述的動(dòng)詞一般用asked，可以在其后加上一個(gè)間接賓語me, him, her, us等。如：
She said,“Is your father at home?”
→She asked me if/whether my father was at home.
“What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me.
→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.
直接引語如果是祈使句，改為間接引語時(shí)，要將祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式，并在不定式的前面根據(jù)原句的語氣(即請(qǐng)求或命令)加上ask, tell, order等動(dòng)詞，如果祈使句為否定式，則在不定式前加not。其句型為：ask / tell / order someone (not) to do something. 例如：
She said to us,“Please sit down.”
→She asked us to sit down.
He said to him,“Go away!”
→He ordered him to go away.
He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”
→He told the boys not to make so much noise.
二. 各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)
被動(dòng)語態(tài)概述
被動(dòng)語態(tài)的概念：它是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示主語與謂語之間的執(zhí)行或被執(zhí)行關(guān)系。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，例如：They saw the little boy crying by the river. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動(dòng)作的承受者，例如：The little boy was seen crying by the river.
被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成
被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式是由“助動(dòng)詞be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be隨著主語的人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)等的不同而變化。幾種常見時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式如下：
1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) am/is/are + 過去分詞
例如：Rice is planted in the south of China.
2. 一般過去時(shí) was/were + 過去分詞
例如：These trees were planted the year before last.
3. 一般將來時(shí) will/shall + be + 過去分詞
例如：A sports meeting will be held next week in our school.
4. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) am/is/are + being + 過去分詞
例如：Your radio is being repaired now.
5. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) was/were + being + 過去分詞
When he got there, the problem was being discussed.
6. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have/has + been + 過去分詞
His work has been finished.
Has his work been finished? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t.
7. 過去完成時(shí) had + been + 過去分詞
注意：
1.除了be之外的其它系動(dòng)詞如get, stay等也可以和過去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如：Their questions haven’t got answered.
2. 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的謂語變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)使用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be + 過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
More attention should be paid to the old in this country.
This work can’t be done until Mr. Black comes.
3. 含有“be going to”, “be to”等結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語，其被動(dòng)語態(tài)分別用“be going to + be + 過去分詞”和“be to + be + 過去分詞”。例如：
The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting.
All these books are to be taken to the library.
4. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別：“連系動(dòng)詞+用作表語的過去分詞”構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)，與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式完全一樣，所以應(yīng)注意它們的區(qū)別。被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的過去分詞是動(dòng)詞，多強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作;系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，多強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。前者通常可用by 引出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，而后者則不可以。例如：
The map was changed by someone.(被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu))
That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))
系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞通?？杀籿ery修飾，被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的過去分詞往往要用much修飾。
例如：
He was very excited.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))
He was much excited by her words.(被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu))
5. 主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。有些動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式有被動(dòng)意味，如 open, read, sell, shut, wash, wear, write等。此時(shí)句子的主語一般是物。例如：
These books sell well. 這些書很暢銷。
The door won’t shut. 這門關(guān)不上。
The clothes wash well. 這些衣服很好洗。
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