六年級英語動(dòng)詞用法
動(dòng)詞,顧名思義表示動(dòng)作,動(dòng)態(tài)的一個(gè)個(gè)詞,通常在一個(gè)句子里會(huì)包含主語,謂語,賓語。動(dòng)詞一般作為謂語,下面小編告訴你六年級英語動(dòng)詞用法,大家一起來看看吧!
六年級英語動(dòng)詞用法
英語中共有三種非限定動(dòng)詞,分別是:動(dòng)詞不定式(to do..),動(dòng)名詞(doing..),分詞(doing ,done..)。
動(dòng)詞可分為三數(shù):單詞,短語動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語。
The English language contains mang phrasal verbs and verbal phrases.
contains是單字動(dòng)詞
Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries.
look up是短語動(dòng)作
The young ought to take care of the old.
take care of 是動(dòng)詞短語
五種形態(tài):原形,第三人稱單數(shù)形式,過去式,過去分詞,現(xiàn)在分詞,
系動(dòng)詞(聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞),作為系動(dòng)詞有些不具詞義,有些具有詞義,但不能單獨(dú)用作謂語,后面必須跟表語(補(bǔ)語),構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀況,性質(zhì),特征情況
狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞:表示主語狀態(tài),只有be一詞:
如:He is a teacher . is 與補(bǔ)足語一起說明主語的身份。
持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度,keep,remain ,stay .
如:He always kept silent at meeting
感官系動(dòng)詞,feel ,smell, sound , taste
如:This flower smells very sweet .
表像系動(dòng)詞,seem, appear ,look ..
如:He looks tired
最常用的助動(dòng)詞有:be ,have ,do, will,shall, should ,would.)協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語動(dòng)詞組的詞,叫且動(dòng)詞。)被協(xié)助的動(dòng)詞稱作主要?jiǎng)釉~,且動(dòng)詞自身沒有詞義,不可單獨(dú)使用。He doesn't like English.
(doesn't 是助動(dòng)詞,無詞義,like是主要?jiǎng)釉~,有詞義)
When shall we see you next?( shall是助動(dòng)詞)
動(dòng)詞answer的用法與搭配歸納:
1. 用作動(dòng)詞,除表示“回答”“答復(fù)”外,還可表示“接(電話)”或?qū)﹂T鈴等聲響作出反應(yīng)等(常與call, bell, telephone, door, door-bell等連用)。如:
Nobody answered my call for help. 沒有人理會(huì)我的呼救。
I can’t answer the telephone. I am having a bath. 我不能接電話,我正在洗澡。
Don’t expect her to answer the doorbell at eight o’clock on Sunday morning. She won’t be up. 星期日早上8點(diǎn)鐘時(shí),別指望她聽見門鈴響會(huì)來開門。她那時(shí)還沒有起床呢。
2. 注意以下兩個(gè)有用短語的用法:
(1) answer for 的用法:
?、?對……負(fù)責(zé)。如:
You’ll have to answer for your carelessness. 你得對你的疏忽負(fù)責(zé)任。
?、?對……受責(zé),承擔(dān)……的后果。如:
All these things are to be answered for. 所有這一切都是要償還的。
③ 代表某人或支持某事物而講話。如:
I agree but I can’t answer for my friends. 我同意,但我不能代表我的朋友也同意。
Knowing her well I can certainly answer for her honesty. 我很了解她,當(dāng)然能擔(dān)保她誠實(shí)。
其后可接名詞或代詞,一般不接 that 從句,若要接這類從句,通常應(yīng)先接形式賓語 it。如:
I can’t answer for his honesty.= I can’t answer for it that he is honest. 我不能保證他是誠實(shí)的。
(2) answer to的用法:
?、?對……負(fù)責(zé),向某人解釋。如:
Who do you answer to in your new job? 你做的新工作要向誰負(fù)責(zé)?
② 對……有反應(yīng),順從。如:
The dog answers to his name. 這狗聽到自己的名字就有反應(yīng)。
?、?由……控制:The plane answered smoothly to the controls. 這架飛機(jī)操縱自如。
3. 用作名詞,表示“回答”“答復(fù)”“答案”“回應(yīng)”等,注意以下各例中 answer 后接的介詞是 to 而不是 of:
He got the answer to the riddle as quick as a flash. 他一下子就猜中了謎底。
I wish I knew the answer to your question. 我但愿知道你的問題的答案。
My answer to his threat was to hit him on the nose. 我對他的威脅的回答是照他的鼻子打去。
4. 用于短語 in answer to(作為回應(yīng))。如:
He came at once in answer to my phone call. 他一接到我的電話就來了。
In answer to your recent inquiry, the book you mention is not in stock. 您近日詢問的書暫時(shí)無貨,謹(jǐn)此奉復(fù)。
5. 比較answer與reply:兩者均可表示“回答”,但answer 屬常用詞,多用于一般性應(yīng)答,而reply則較正式,多指經(jīng)過考慮而作出答復(fù),若不細(xì)分,兩者可換用。但是,answer可自由地用作及物或不及物動(dòng)詞,而reply除后接that從句或引出直接引語是及物動(dòng)詞外,一般只用作不及物動(dòng)詞,其后若接名詞或代詞作賓語,應(yīng)借助介詞to:answer [reply to] a question 回答問題。
動(dòng)詞appreciate的兩點(diǎn)用法:
1. 表示“感激”“贊賞”等,通常為及物動(dòng)詞,其后可接名(代)詞、動(dòng)名詞、名詞性從句等作賓語,但不能接不定式。如:
I really appreciate a good cup of tea. 有好茶一杯,我就真樂在其中了。
I appreciate your giving me so much of your time. 真感激你為我花了這么多時(shí)間。
I appreciate being given this opportunity. 非常感謝給了我這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。
I appreciate that you have come here so early. 感謝你來得這么早。
其后不直接跟 if 或when引導(dǎo)的從句,若語義上需要接這類從句,需借助 it。如:
We really appreciate it when she offered to help. 她來幫忙了,我們十分感激。
I would much appreciate it if you would arrange this for us. 如果你能替我安排這事,我將非常感激。
2. 其后只能接“事”作賓語,而不能接“人”作賓語;若接“人”作賓語,可考慮用動(dòng)詞thank等。比較:
正:We appreciate your help. 我們感謝你的幫助。
誤:We appreciate you for your help.
正:He thanked her for her help. 他感謝她的幫助。
誤:He thanked her help.
動(dòng)詞expect的用法與搭配:
1. 表示“期待”“期望”,通常為及物動(dòng)詞,不要受漢語影響在其后誤加介詞for。如:
我們不能期望一夜之間就取得成功。
誤:We should not expect for success overnight.
正:We should not expect success overnight.
2. 后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用不定式,不用動(dòng)名詞。如:
I didn’t expect to find you here. 我沒料到在這里碰到你。
若語義需要,其后還可接不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
He expected her to go with him. 他期望她同他一起去。
3. 不要認(rèn)為 expect 只表示“期待”“期望”,它還可表示“預(yù)計(jì)”“預(yù)料”等。如:
I expect a storm. 我預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)有場暴風(fēng)雨來。
I expect that I will be back on Sunday. 我預(yù)計(jì)星期日回來。
有時(shí)可用于不好的方面。如:
He expects to fail the exam. 他預(yù)料無法通過考試。
另外,注意expect a baby這一慣用表達(dá),其意為“懷孕”。如:
It’s public knowledge she’s expecting a baby. 大家都知道她已懷孕了。
4. 其后可接 that 從句,若從句謂語為否定,注意否定的轉(zhuǎn)移。如:
I don’t expect that he has done such a thing. 我預(yù)料他不會(huì)干出這種事來。
在口語中有可表示“想”或“揣想”。如:
I expect you’re tired. 我想你是累了吧。
其后可接 that 從句,但不接疑問詞引導(dǎo)的從句,若遇有疑問詞,則要使用“疑問詞+do you expect…”這樣的句式。如:
你想什么時(shí)候離開?
誤:Do you expect when you will leave?
誤:Do you expect when to leave?
正:When do you expect to leave?
5. 表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法或打算,通常用過去完成時(shí),但在一定的上下文當(dāng)中,只要意思清楚,也可只用一般過去時(shí)。如:
I had expected to come early, but I missed the early bus. 我本來想早點(diǎn)來的,但未趕上早班車。
We expected him to arrive yesterday. 我們原以為他昨天就會(huì)到的。
有時(shí)在其后接不定式的完成式,如上面第一句也可改成:
I expected to have come early, but I missed the early bus.
6. 有時(shí)用于“It+be+過去分詞+從句”結(jié)構(gòu),表示“預(yù)計(jì)……”。如:
It’s expected that the war would end soon. 預(yù)計(jì)戰(zhàn)爭不久即可結(jié)束。
It is expected that the report will suggest some major reforms. 預(yù)計(jì)這個(gè)報(bào)告會(huì)提出一些重大的改革。
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