初一英語上冊(cè)語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
要想取得好的學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī),必須要有良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣。習(xí)慣是經(jīng)過重復(fù)練習(xí)而鞏固下來的穩(wěn)重持久的條件反射和自然需要。建立良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣,就會(huì)使自己學(xué)習(xí)感到有序而輕松。以下是小編為您整理的《初中一年級(jí)英語上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)》,供大家查閱。
初一英語上冊(cè)語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
Unit 1
詞匯重點(diǎn):
1. Good morning/ afternoon / evening 早上/下午/晚上好 Good night 晚安(晚上告別)
2. glad / nice to meet / see you 見到你很高興 (回答也一樣)
3. welcome to + 地點(diǎn) 歡迎來到…… (回答:Thank you 或者Thanks)
4.let’s + V(原) 讓我們做……
5. stand up 起立 sit down 坐下
6. this is----- 這是…… (用于介紹第三者的用語)
7. How do you do ?你好 (回答也是:How do you do ? )
8. How are you ? 你好嗎? Fine ,thank you .and you ? 很好;謝謝;你呢?
I’m OK / I’m fine , too . 我也很好。
9.see you = see you later = see you soon = good-bye 再見
10.excuse me 打擾一下;請(qǐng)問
11.I’m -----= my name is ---- 我是……
12. be from = come from 來自
13.in English 用英語
14.Can you spell it ? Yes / No 你能拼寫它嗎? 能/不能
15.That’s OK / That’s all right / You’re welcome / Not at all 不用謝
16. …… years old ……歲
17.telephone number 電話號(hào)碼 QQ number QQ號(hào)碼 ID number 身份證
18.the same (相同的) 反義詞是 different (不同的)
例: We are in the same grade, but we are in different classes.
重點(diǎn)句子句型:
1. What is your name ? 你的名字是什么?
2. Where +be + 主語 + from? 某人來自于哪里?(回答:主語+be+地點(diǎn))
Where are you from? I am from quanzhou.
3. How old + be + 主語? 某人幾歲? (回答: 主語 + be + 數(shù)字 )
例: How old are you ? I’m forteen.
4. What is your telephone number? 你的電話號(hào)碼是多少?
(回答:My telephone number is----或者It’s -------)注意:讀出號(hào)碼的時(shí)候要逐個(gè)讀出。
5. What class / grade +be + 主語 + in ? 某人在哪一個(gè)班級(jí)/年級(jí)?
例:what class are you in ? I am in Class Five. (注意:Class 和 Five需要大寫)
what grade are you in ? I am in Grade Seven.(注意:Glass 和 Seven需要大寫)
6. What’s this/ that (in English) ? 這是什么? (回答:It’s a/an + 單數(shù)名詞. 這是……)
What’ re these/ those (in English) ? 這些是什么?(回答:They’re + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 這些是……)
7. How do you spell it ? 你怎么拼寫它? E-R-A-S-E-R, eraser. (注意拼讀方法)
Unit 2
1.sb + has/ have ( an /a ) + adj + 五官 === sb’s 五官 is / are + adj (描述長(zhǎng)相)
例:Lily has a small nose. = Lily’s nose is small.
2.I know = I see 我明白了
3.That’s right 那是對(duì)的
4.look the same look like 看起來相像 look different 看起來不同
例: Jim and Lilei look the same.== Jim looks like Lilei. .
5. look at + n 看某物 look for +n 尋找某人/某物 look after +n 照顧某人
6.both 兩者都…… all 三者或者三者以上都……
Both 和 all位于 be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后,位于行為動(dòng)詞前。
例: We are both students. We both have black eyes. We can both speak English.
7. give sth to sb = give sb sth 把某物給某人; (注意:如果sth是it或them,只能用前者)
8. have different looks == look different 有著不同的長(zhǎng)相 (看起來不相像)
have the same look. ==look the same 有著相同的長(zhǎng)相 (看起來很相像)
9.over there 在那邊 come in 請(qǐng)進(jìn) go out 出去
10. in + 顏色 或 in a/an/the +顏色 + 衣服 表示穿著……顏色的衣服
常常接在名詞的后面,表示穿----顏色衣服的…… 如 the girl in red is my sister.
11. too + adj 太……
12.pants 和 shoes 做主語,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);但a pair of pants/ shoes作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式
例: His shoes are black. A pair of shoes is under the bed.
13. in the morning/ afternoom/ evening 在早上/下午/晚上 at night 在晚上
14.go shopping = go to the shop 去購物 類似的有 go swimming go fishing go skating 等等
15.help sb. ( to ) do sth == help sb with sth 幫助某人做某事 注意:sb 用代詞時(shí)必須用賓格
16.high school 中學(xué)
17.play +球類 play the 樂器
18.think of 認(rèn)為,想 think about 考慮 I think + 從句 我認(rèn)為……
I think he you are right. 否定式常否定主句,但翻譯時(shí)要否定后面的從句
例:I don’t think he can come. 我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)來了.(不能說:我不認(rèn)為他會(huì)來)
句型:
1. What do/does + 主語 + look like ? 詢問人的長(zhǎng)相
例: What does your English teacher look like ?
2.What’s -----and ------? ……加……是什么?(回答:It’s ------)
例:What’s red and yellow? It’s orange. What’s two and five? It’s seven.
3.Whose + 東西 + is this/ that ? Whose + 東西 +are these/ those ? 這/這些 是誰的……?
例:Whose coat is this ? It is mine. Whose shoes are these ? They are hers.
4.Who is the letter from? 這封信來自于誰? It’s from Lily. 它來自于莉莉。
5.What color be + 東西? (回答:It’s +顏色 或者 They’er + 顏色)
例:What color is your dress? It’s black.
初一英語上冊(cè)語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
I.重點(diǎn)句型
Good morning/afternoon/evening.
Good morning/afternoon/evening.
How are you? I’m fine,/OK,thanks. Fine,thanks.
What’s this in English? It’s a map. It’s V.
Spell it please. K-E-Y.
What color is it/the key? It’s blue. The key is yellow.
Hello, Frank. Hello/Hi, Eric.
Unit 1 My name is Gina.
I.重點(diǎn)句型
What’s your name? My name is Jenny. /I’m Jenny. /Jenny.
Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you , too.
What’s his name? His name is Jenny. Jenny.
What’s her name? Her name is Linda.. Linda.
What’s your first name? My first name is Jack. Jack.
What’s your last/family name?
My last/family name is Green. It’s Green.
What’s your/his/her phone number?
My /His/Her phone number is 234-4567. /It’s 281-9176.
II.詞組
1 name’s=name is 名字是
2 I’m=I am 我是
3 she’s=she is 她是
he’s=he is 他是
you’re =you are 你是(復(fù)數(shù)形式)
they’re=they are 他(她;它)們是
that’s=that is 那是
isn’t=is not 不是(單數(shù)形式)
he’s not =he is not=he isn’t 他不是
what’s=what is 什么是
where’s=where is 在哪兒是
Let’s=Let us 讓我們
4 Nice to meet/see you 見到你很高興
5 last name=family name=surname 姓氏
6 first name = given name 名字
7 telephone number 電話號(hào)碼
=phone number 電話號(hào)碼
8 ID card 身份證
9 Good morning (to sb) 早上好
10 Good afternoon 下午好
11 Good night /evening . 晚上好
12 Sit down, please. =Have a seat, please. 請(qǐng)坐
13 That’s all right. 好;行;不用謝;沒關(guān)系
That’s right . 對(duì)的、正確的
All right . 好的,行,好吧
14 Not at all.=It’s a/my pleasure.=That’s OK.
=You’re welcome.=That’s all right. 不用謝
Unit 2 Is this your pencil?
I.重點(diǎn)句型
Is that/this/it your backpack? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t . It’s his backpack.
This/That is my eraser.
How do you spell it/pen? P-E-N.
Call Allan at 486-67895 Call 685-6098 Call Mary. Phone # 235-7865.
Is that your computer game in the lost and found case? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
II.詞組
1 pencil case 鉛筆盒
2 pencil sharpener 卷筆刀
3 pen pal =pen friend 筆友
4 Thank you. =Thanks . 謝謝你
5 in English 用英語
6 computer game(s) 電子游戲
7 Lost and Found 失物招領(lǐng)
8 a set of 一副;一套
a set of keys 一串鑰匙
9 who’s=who is 誰是
11 it’s=it is 它是
12 look at 朝…看
13 ball-point pen 圓珠筆
14 call sb at+電話號(hào)碼 打電話給某人
15 gold ring 金戒指
16 school ID card ???/p>
17 See you later.=See you soon . 再見
初一英語上冊(cè)語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
一、初一英語語法——詞法
1、名詞
A)、名詞的數(shù)
我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞,而不可數(shù)名詞它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分,復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下:
一)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三)1)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2)以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四)以o結(jié)尾加s(外來詞)。如:radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯
五)以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六)單復(fù)數(shù)相同(不變的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七)一般只有復(fù)數(shù),沒有單數(shù)的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
八)單詞形式不變,既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同學(xué), family家,家庭成員
九)合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞,多數(shù)為后一個(gè)單詞。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十)有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如:fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報(bào)紙,卷子,論文, work工作 works作品,工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時(shí)間 times時(shí)代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞
十一) 單個(gè)字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或’s。如:Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs
十二) 特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
B)名詞的格
當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時(shí),我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下:
一)單數(shù)在后面加’s。如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s
二)復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如:Teachers’ Day教師節(jié), classmates’; Children’s Day六一節(jié), Women’s Day三八節(jié)
三)由and并列的名詞所有時(shí),如果是共同所有同一人或物時(shí),只加最后一個(gè)’s,但分別擁有時(shí)卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如:Mike and Ben’s room邁克和本的房間(共住一間),Mike’s and Ben’s rooms邁克和本的房間(各自的房間)
2、代詞
項(xiàng)目 人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞
人稱 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性
第一人稱 單數(shù) I me my mine myself
復(fù)數(shù) we us our ours ourselves
第二人稱 單數(shù) you you your yours yourself
復(fù)數(shù) you you your yours yourselves
第三人稱 單數(shù) she her her hers herself
he him his his himself
it it its its this that itself
復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs these those themselves
3、動(dòng)詞
A) 第三人稱單數(shù)
當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)變動(dòng)詞那樣加s,如下:
一)一般在詞后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes
三)1)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
2)以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
四)以o結(jié)尾加es。如:does, goes
五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has
B) 現(xiàn)在分詞
當(dāng)我們說某人正在做什么事時(shí),動(dòng)詞要使用分詞形式,不能用原形,構(gòu)成如下:
一)一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
二)以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
三)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個(gè)元音字母+一個(gè)輔音字母(注意除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning
四)以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于
4、形容詞的級(jí)
我們?cè)趯?duì)兩個(gè)或以上的人或物進(jìn)行對(duì)比時(shí),則要使用比較或級(jí)形式。構(gòu)成如下:
一) 一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest
二)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個(gè)元音字母+1個(gè)輔音字母(字母組合除外,如few-fewer fewest)結(jié)尾的雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest
三) 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的變y為i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest
四)特殊情況:(兩好多壞,一少老遠(yuǎn))
good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst
little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest
5、數(shù)詞 (基變序,有規(guī)則;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y結(jié)尾,變?yōu)閕, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
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