八年級英語上冊知識點歸納
還不清楚初二年級英語的知識點有哪些知識點的小伙伴們,趕緊和小編去瞧瞧吧!下面小編為大家?guī)戆四昙売⒄Z上冊知識點歸納,歡迎大家參考閱讀,希望能夠幫助到大家!
八年級英語上冊知識點歸納
句子成分和類型
1.主語:句子所陳述的對象。
2.謂語:主語發(fā)出的動作。一般是有動作意義的動詞。
3.賓語:分為動詞賓語和介詞賓語,屬于動作的承受者。
4.系動詞:表示狀態(tài)或狀態(tài)變化的動詞,沒有實際的動作意義。如 be, 感官系動詞(look, sound, smell, taste 和 feel)、保持類系動詞(keep, stay 和 remain)、狀態(tài)變化類系動詞(become、get、turn 和 go)等。
5.表語:緊跟系動詞后面的成分。
6.定語:修飾名詞或代詞的成分。
7.狀語: 修飾形容詞、副詞、動詞或句子的成分。
8.補語:分為賓語補足語和主語補足語。是對賓語和主語的補充說明,與其有主動或被動的邏輯關(guān)系。
例如:You should keep the room clean and tidy.
你應該讓屋子保持干凈整潔。
(You是主語, should keep是謂語,the room是賓語,clean and tidy是賓語補足語。)
This kind of food tastes delicious.
這種食物吃起來很可口。
(This kind of food是主語, tastes是系動詞, delicious是表語。)
注意:主語、謂語、賓語、系動詞、表語、補語是一個句子的主干成分;定語和狀語是一個句子的修飾性成分,不是主干成分。
9.簡單句的基本形式是由一個主語加一個謂語構(gòu)成。
10.復合句由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構(gòu)成。
11.兩個或兩個以上的簡單句用并列連詞連在一起構(gòu)成的句子,叫做并列句,其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句”。
一般疑問句
一、不用疑問詞,但需要用yes或no回答的疑問句,叫一般疑問句。句末用問號“?”。
一般疑問句的基本用法及結(jié)構(gòu)一般疑問句用于對某一情況提出疑問,通??捎脃es和no來回答,讀時用升調(diào)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“be / have / 助動詞+主語+謂語(表語)”:
Is he interested in going? 他有興趣去嗎?
Have you ever been to Japan? 你到過日本嗎?
Does she often have colds? 她常常感冒嗎?
Did you ask her which to buy? 你問沒問她該買哪一個?
二、陳述句變一般疑問句的方法
1.動詞be的疑問式:動詞be根據(jù)不同的時態(tài)和人稱可以有am, is, are, was, were等不同形式,可用作連系動詞(表示“是”、“在”等)和助動詞(用于構(gòu)成進行時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)等),但不管何種情況,構(gòu)成疑問式時,一律將動詞be的適當形式置于句首:句型:Be動詞+主語~?
Is your father angry?你父親生氣了嗎?
Yes,he is.是的,他生氣了。
No,he isn't.不,他沒生氣。
Were the babies crying last night?(進行時)
昨天晚上這些孩子們一直在哭嗎?
Yes,they were.是的,他們在哭。
No,they weren't.不,他們沒哭。
Is English spoken all over the world?(被動語態(tài))
全世界都說英語嗎?
Yes,it is.是的。
No,it isn't.不。
2.動詞have的疑問式:動詞have根據(jù)不同的時態(tài)和人稱可以有have, has, had等形式,可以用作實意動詞和助動詞,分以下情況討論:
①用作實意動詞表示狀態(tài),如表示擁有、患病或用于have to表示“必須”等,在構(gòu)成構(gòu)成式時可以直接將have, has, had置于句首,也可根據(jù)情況在句首使用do, does, did:
Does he have [Has he] anything to say? 他有什么話要說嗎?
Do you have [Have you] to leave so soon? 你必須這么早走嗎?
Did you have [Had you] any friends then? 他當時有朋友嗎?
②用作實意動詞表示動作,如表示“吃(=eat)”、“喝(=drink)”、“拿(=take)”、“收到(=receive)”、“度過(=spend)”等,構(gòu)成疑問式時不能將have提前至句首,而應在句首使用do, does, did:
Does he have breakfast at home? 他在家吃早餐嗎?
Did you have a good time at the party? 你在晚會上玩得高興嗎?
③完成時的一般疑問句
句型:Have(Has)+主語+動詞的過去分詞+~?
Have you known her since your childhood?
你從童年就認識她嗎?
Yes,I have.是的。
No,I haven't.不。
過去完成時的一般疑問句
句型:Had +主語+動詞的過去分詞+~?
Had he learned about two thousand English
words before he came here?
他來這里以前就已經(jīng)學了大約兩千個單詞了嗎?
Yes,he had.是的。
No,he hadn't.不。
3.情態(tài)動詞的疑問式:情態(tài)動詞的疑問式通常是將情態(tài)動詞置于句首:
句型:情態(tài)動詞+主語+動詞原形~?
Can you bring me some apples?
你能給我拿來些蘋果嗎?
Yes,I can.是的,可以。
No,I can't.不,不可以。
Can you speak English? 你會說英語嗎?
Must I finish the work at once? 我必須馬上完成工作嗎?
4.實意動詞的疑問式:一般實意動詞的疑問式,通常應根據(jù)不同時態(tài)和人稱在句首加助動詞do, does, did等:
句型:Do(Does,Did)+主語+動詞原形~?
Do you go to school every day? 你每天都上學嗎?
Does the boy like dancing? 這男孩喜歡唱歌嗎?
Did you see the film last night? 你昨晚看了這部電影嗎?
Did he do morning exercises yesterday?
昨天他做早操了嗎?
Yes,he did.是的,他做了。
No,he didn't.不,他沒做。
特殊疑問句
用疑問詞引導的疑問句叫做特殊疑問句。回答特殊疑問句時不能用yes或no。用降調(diào)。為了便于理解、掌握特殊疑問句,我們把疑問詞分為三類:
疑問代詞:what,who,Which,whose,whom
疑問副詞:when,where,why,how
疑問形容詞:what(which,whose)+名詞
一、疑問代詞的用法
1.what引導的疑問句
此類疑問句可以對主語、表語和賓語提問。
A.對主語提問
What is in your pocket?
你口袋里有什么?
這個問題可以有兩種回答:
a:There is an egg in it.
在口袋里有一個蛋。
b:An egg is(in it).
一個蛋(在里面)。
There are a lot of chairs in it.
=A 1ot of chairs are in it.有許多椅子。
注意
回答此句型的問題時,答句的單復數(shù)根據(jù)實際情況而定。
B.對賓語提問
What did you buy?你買了什么?
C.對表語提問
What is this?這是什么?
It's a bench.這是一條長凳。
What is your mother?你媽媽是干什么的?
2.Who,whom,whose引導的疑問句
此類疑問句可以對主語、表語和賓語提問。
Who broke the window?(對主語提問)
誰打破了窗戶?
who可以對主語和表語提問。whom是who的賓格,對賓語提問,但在口語中who可以代替whom。
Li Ming did.李明打破的。
Who is that woman?(對表語提問)
那個女人是誰?
She is my mother.她是我媽媽。(關(guān)系)
或者:She is Rose.她是羅思。(姓名)
二、疑問形容詞的用法
what,which,whose后面跟上名詞時,這三個疑問詞起形容詞作用。
What sports do you like?(對賓語提問)
你喜歡什么運動?
I like basketball.我喜歡籃球。
Whose pens are these?(對表語提問)
這些是誰的鋼筆?
They are Li Ming's.這些是李明的。
Whose father died two years ago?(對主語提問)
兩年前誰的父親死了?
Which picture did you take?(對賓語提問)
哪一張照片是你拍的?
I took the one on the right.
右邊的那一張是我拍的。
三、疑問副詞的用法
句型:疑問副詞+一般疑問句的語序~?
(疑問副詞在句中作狀語,所以它們不可能對主語提問)
when引導的疑問句:詢問時間
When were you born?你何時出生?
(I was born)on June 5,1962.
我是1962年6月5日出生的。
八年級英語上冊知識點梳理
【重點短語】
1. have a soccer game 進行一場足球賽
2. fall ill 病倒了
3. be a little far from… 離……有點遠
4. right away = at once 立刻;馬上
5. miss a good chance 錯過一個好機會
6. get/miss a goal 得到/失去一分
7. shame on sb. 為某人感到羞恥
8. do one’s best 盡某人的力
9. say sorry to sb. 對某人說抱歉
10. be sure to do sth. 確定做某事
11. be angry with… 生某人的氣
12. with one’s help= with the help of sb. 在某人的幫助下
13. serve food 上菜
14. turn up/down… 調(diào)高/低(音量)
15. keep sb. doing sth. 讓某人一直做某事
16. in a minute 一分鐘后;馬上
17. on the phone 在電話中
18. take a seat 就坐
19. never mind 不要緊
20. a lot of traveling 一系列旅行
八年級英語上冊知識點匯總
一、 v+ do
1. Let sb do sth 讓某人做某事
Let sb not do sth 讓某人不做某事
2.why not do sth = why don’t you do sth 做什么怎么樣 為什么不做?
Why not put on a raincoat, its raining outside. 外面在下雨,為什么不穿個雨衣呢?
3. Make sb do sth 使某人做某事
I will do my best to make my dream come true. 我會盡我所能去使我的夢想實現(xiàn)。
Make sb + adj 使某人………..
The story makes us happy。
二、v+ doing
1. practice doing sth 練習做某事 our English teacher told us to practice speaking English
every day。英語老師叫我們每天練習說英語。
2. finish doing sth 完成做某事 my mum asks me to finishing cleaning up my room before
she come from work。 媽媽要求我在她下班回來之前打掃干凈我的房間。
3. Enjoy doing sth 享受做某事
The boys are enjoying playing basketball 孩子們正在操場上享受打籃球。
4. stand doing sth 忍受做某事她不能忍受欺騙他人
5. mind doing sth 介意做某事? 你介意開門嗎?
6. keep doing sth. 繼續(xù)做某事
She will keep fighting in this new semester. 在新學期,她將繼續(xù)努力奮斗
7. miss 想念 I miss you very much
Miss sth 錯過………….he got up late this morning,so he missed the bus
Miss doing sth 錯過做某事。He missed having the class,because he got up late。
8. Sb spend time with sb 與某人共度時間
I spend the weekend with my grandparents。
Sb spend (time/ money) 某人在某事花費時間,金錢
Sb spend (time/money)(in)doing sth 某人花費時間、金錢做某事 (人作主語)
I spent two hours (in)reading the novel last night.
It takes sb (time/ money) 某事花費某人多少時間,金錢 (it 作主語)
It took me two hours to read the novel last night。
Sb pay sth money= pay money for sth 為………..付多少錢。 (人作主語)
I paid ten dollars for that book
Sth cost sb money 某物花費某人多少錢 (物作主語)
That book cost me ten dollars。
9.succeed in doing sth 成功做某事
He succeeds in giving up the smoking 他成功地戒了煙。
10. play a role in doing sth 發(fā)揮作用,有影響
computers play a role in people’s life 計算機在人們的生活中發(fā)揮作用。
11. Have fun (in)doing sth 玩得高興
They had fun playing basketball. 他們打籃球玩得很高興。
12. be good at doing/ sth 擅長 she is very good at dancing。 他擅長跳舞
13. be talented in doing sth/ sth 在某方面有天賦
she is talented in drawing。 她在畫畫方面有天賦
三、v+ to do
1. it's a good/ great way to do sth 做....的好方法.
He likes joining some activities because it’s a good way to make friends 他喜歡參加一些活
動,因為這是交朋友的好方式。
The best way to do sth 做某事的方式
I think the best way to learn English is through English。學英語的方式就是朗讀。
2. It’s one’s first time to do sth 第一次做某事
It’s my first time to speak English with foreigners. 這是我第一次和外國人說英語。
3. want to do sth = would like to do sth 想做某事
4. decide to do sth 決定做某事
He decides to have a travel in this winter vacation. 他決定在這個寒假去旅行。
5. be determined to do sth 下定決心做某事
She determined to get good grades in this final examination. 她下定決心要在這次的期末
考試中取得好成績。
6. Invite sb to do sth 邀請某人做某事
He didn’t invite me to have dinner with them 他沒有邀請我和他們共進晚餐。
Invite sb to a place 邀請某人到某處
He wants to invite the girl to his birthday party。 他想邀請那個女孩參加他的生日宴會。
7. help sb(to)do sth= help(sb)with sth 幫助某人做某事
he helped me with my English。= he helped me to study English.
8. order sb to do sth 命令某人做某事
the boss ordered him to finish the work before 5 o’clock 老板命令他五點之前完成工作
9. plan to do sth 計劃做某事
I plan to have a vacation in this summer 我計劃這個暑假去度假
10. choose to do sth 選擇做某事
He chooses to stay at home because of the cold weather. 因為寒冷的天氣,他選擇呆在家里。
11. Do one’s best to do sth = try one’s best to do sth 盡某人做大努力做某事
I will try my best to make my dream come true.
12. Need to do sth 需要做某事
She needs to wash her dirty clothes now。 現(xiàn)在她需要去洗她的臟衣服。
13. be ready to do sth 準備好做某事 She is ready to go out 她準備好出去了。
14. seem + 形容詞 看起來….. You seem happy today. 你看起來很高興
seem + to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事 I seem to have a cold 我似乎感冒了。
15. tell sb. to do sth. 告訴某人做某事
Her mum tells her to sleep early. 她的媽媽告訴她早睡。
Tell sb not to sth 告訴某人不要做某事
請告訴她不要去爬樹
16. expect to do sth 期待做某事
她期待下周去香港。
17. wish sb to do sth 希望某人做某事
I wish you to be good. 我希望你好好的。
Hope to do sth 希望做某事
I hope to have a good job in the future. 我希望將來有一份好工作。
18. it’s + adj for sb to do sth 做某件事 對某人來說怎么樣
It’s good for you to sleep early. 早睡對你有好處。
四、v+ to do/ doing
1. try to do sth 盡量做某事, 努力做某事 he tries to finish his homework
Try not to do sth 盡量不做某事 he tries not to hurt his friends’ feelings。
Try doing sth 嘗試做某事。 He tried washing his hair with a new shampoo。
2. mean to do sth 有意做某事 I didn’t mean to hurt you 我不是有意傷害你的。
Mean doing sth 意味著、being good to her doesn’t mean loving her 對她好并不意
味著愛她。
3. start doing sth. 開始做某事= start to do sth (begin)
He usually starts cooking at 6 in the evening when his mother is not at home.當他媽媽不在家
時,他通常在晚上6點鐘就開始做飯。
4. 停止做某事 the teacher is coming,lets stop talking. 停下來做某事 if you are tired, you can stop to rest.