英語(yǔ)會(huì)考語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納模板(2)
英語(yǔ)會(huì)考語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納模板
英語(yǔ)會(huì)考語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)篇四
名詞+形容詞snow-white雪白的
名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞English-speaking講英語(yǔ)的
名詞+to+名詞face-to-face面對(duì)面的
名詞+過(guò)去分詞man-made人造的
數(shù)詞+名詞one-way單行的
數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞two-year-old兩歲的
數(shù)詞+名詞+ed five-storeyed五層的
動(dòng)詞+副詞see-through透明的
形容詞+名詞high-class高級(jí)的
形容詞+名詞+ed noble-minded高尚的
形容詞+形容詞light-blue淺藍(lán)色的
形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞good-looking相貌好看的
副詞+形容詞ever-green常青的
副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞hard-working勤勞的
副詞+過(guò)去分詞well-known著名的
副詞+名詞fast-food專(zhuān)門(mén)提供快餐服務(wù)的
介詞+名詞downhill下坡的
3)合成動(dòng)詞
名詞+動(dòng)詞sleep-walk夢(mèng)游
形容詞+動(dòng)詞white-wash粉刷
副詞+動(dòng)詞overthrow推翻
4)合成副詞
形容詞+名詞hotfoot匆忙地
形容詞+副詞everywhere到處
副詞+副詞however盡管如此
介詞+名詞beforehand事先
介詞+副詞forever永遠(yuǎn)
5)合成代詞
代詞賓格+self herself她自己
物主代詞+self myself我自己
形容詞+名詞anything任何東西
6)合成介詞
副詞+名詞inside在……里面
介詞+副詞within在……之內(nèi)
副詞+介詞into進(jìn)入
4.截短法(縮略法)
截短法，即將單詞縮寫(xiě)，詞義和詞性保持不變，主要有截頭、去尾、截頭去尾等形式。
1)截頭
telephone→phone
aero-plane→plane
omnibus→bus
2)去尾
mathematics→maths
co-operate→co-op
examination→exam
kilogram→kilo
laboratory→lab
taxicab→taxi
3)截頭去尾
influenza→flu
refrigerator→fridge
prescription→script
5.混合法(混成法)
混合法，即將兩個(gè)詞混合或各取一部分緊縮而成一個(gè)新詞。后半部分表示主體;前半部分表示屬性。
news broadcast→newscast新聞廣播
television broadcast→telecast電視播送
smoke and fog→smog煙霧
helicopter airport→heliport直升飛機(jī)場(chǎng)
6.首尾字母縮略法
首尾字母縮略法，即用單詞首尾字母組成一個(gè)新詞。讀音主要有兩種形式，即各字母分別讀音;作為一個(gè)單詞讀音。
very important person→VIP (讀字母音)要人;大人物
television→TV (讀字母音)電視
Testing of English as a Foreign Language→TOEFL托福
英語(yǔ)會(huì)考語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)篇五
一. can和could 的用法
1. 表示能力或客觀(guān)的可能性，還可以表示請(qǐng)求和允許。如：
Can you finish this work tonight? Man cannot live without air.
— Can I go now? — Yes, you can.
注意：
1) could表示語(yǔ)氣較委婉的請(qǐng)求，主要用語(yǔ)疑問(wèn)句，(用于此意義時(shí)不用在肯定句)答語(yǔ)用can。
— Could I come to see you tomorrow?
— Yes, you can. (不能用could). (否定句常用No, I'm afraid not.)
2) can表示能力時(shí)，還可以用 “be able to” 代替，例如：
I'll be able to come this afternoon.
但當(dāng)我們要表示“某件事已成”時(shí)，須用 “was (were) able to”不能用could，例如：
He was able to go to the party yesterday evening and he enjoyed himself very much.
2. 表示“驚異、懷疑、不相信”的態(tài)度。(主要用在否定句、疑問(wèn)句和感嘆句中)
Can this be true? How can you say like that? This cannot be done by him.
3. “can (could) + have + done” 的疑問(wèn)或否定形式表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的行為懷疑或不肯定。
He cannot have been to that town. Can he have got the book?
二. may 和might 的用法
1. 表示許可，表示請(qǐng)求、允許時(shí)，might 比may 的語(yǔ)氣更加委婉一些，否定回答時(shí)可用can’t 或mustn’t, 表示“不可以、禁止、阻止”之意。 例如：
— Might I use your pen? — No, you mustn’t.
— May I take this book out? — Yes, you can (— No, you can’t/ mustn’t.)
用May I… 征詢(xún)對(duì)方許可在文體上較正式，在口氣上比較客氣，在日常口語(yǔ)中，用Can I… 征詢(xún)對(duì)方意見(jiàn)在現(xiàn)代口語(yǔ)中更為常見(jiàn)。
2. 用于表示祝愿的句子中。例如：
May you success! May you be happy! May you have a good journey!
3. 表示推測(cè)、可能(疑問(wèn)句中不用于此意)
He may be very busy now. (此句中用might 語(yǔ)氣較弱)
4. “May (Might) + have + done” 表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的行為的推測(cè)。例如：
He may not have finished the work. (此句中用might 語(yǔ)氣較更弱)
三. must 和 have to 的用法
1. 表示“必須、必要”。
You must come on time.
當(dāng)must 引出的問(wèn)句時(shí)， 若是否定的回答，不能用mustn’t，而用needn’t或don’t have to.
— Must we hand in our exercise our books today?
— Yes, you must. (No, needn’t/you don’t have to.)
2. “must be + 表語(yǔ)”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示推測(cè)，它的否定或疑問(wèn)形式用can 代替must。如：
He must be our new teacher.
Can he be our new teacher? He can’t be our new teacher.
※ 附加疑問(wèn)句要和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞實(shí)際時(shí)態(tài)一致。如：
He must be our new teacher, isn’t he?
3. “must + have +done” 的結(jié)構(gòu)常用在肯定句中，表示對(duì)過(guò)去或完成的情況推測(cè)，它的否定或疑問(wèn)形式也用can代替must.
He must have finished his work.
※ 附加疑問(wèn)句也要和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞實(shí)際時(shí)態(tài)一致。如：
He must have finished his work already, hasn’t he?
He must have finished his work at four yesterday, didn’t he?
4. have to 的含義與must相似，兩者往往可以互換使用，但have to有各種形式，隨have的變化而定，must 與have to有下列幾點(diǎn)不同：
1) must表示的是說(shuō)話(huà)人的主觀(guān)看法，而have to則往往強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀(guān)需要，例如：
The play is not interesting. I really must go now.
I had to work when I was your age.
2) 兩者的否定意義大不相同。例如：
You mustn’t go. (你不可以去) You don’t have to go. (你不必去)
3) 詢(xún)問(wèn)對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)時(shí)應(yīng)用must。
Must I hand in the exercise book before eight?
4) must 表示“偏偏”
Must it rain today? (今天怎么偏偏下雨呢?)
英語(yǔ)會(huì)考語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)篇六
四. dare 和need的用法
1. need表示“需要，必須”，作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，僅用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句，在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to,或should代替。例如：
You needn’t come so early.
— Need I clean all the room right now? — Yes, you must. (— No, you needn’t.)
注意：needn’t + have +done表示“本來(lái)不必要做的事而實(shí)際上做了”，例如：
You needn’t have waited for me. 你本來(lái)沒(méi)有必要等我的。
2. dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主要用于疑問(wèn)句，否定句和條件句中，一般不用于肯定句，例如：
How dare you take my book without permission?
He dare not speak English before such a crowd, dare he?
3. need和dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，過(guò)去時(shí)形式與現(xiàn)在形式相同(美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中可用dared)。
He was so angry that no one dared say a word.
They said that he needn’t stay there any longer.
4. need和dare常用實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化。不同的是dare作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，在肯定句中通常接帶to的不定式，在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中，dare之后的不定式可帶to或不帶to。例如：
He needs to finish the work before nightfall.
I dare to swim across this river.
He does not dare (to) answer the teacher’s question.
Don’t you dare (to) touch it?
I wonder he dared say that.
5. I dare say是習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)，?？蓪?xiě)為I daresay，用法有以下幾種：
1) “敢于說(shuō)”，通常接that或what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。
I dare say that he has stolen Tom’s football. I dare say what I think.
2) “我想;恐怕;大概;也許是”，通常作插入語(yǔ)用，使句子委婉。
I dare say there is something wrong with the machines.
You’re tired, I dare say.
You, I dare say, think otherwise.
3) I dare say往往也作為反語(yǔ)使用。
Oh, you mean to defeat our football team? I dare say you will. (噢!你們想贏我們的足球隊(duì)?也許可以吧。)
五. shall和should的用法。
1. shall用于第一人稱(chēng)疑問(wèn)句。表示征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)。
What shall we do this evening?
Shall I open the window?
2. shall 用語(yǔ)第三人稱(chēng)疑問(wèn)句中，表示說(shuō)話(huà)人征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)或向?qū)Ψ秸?qǐng)示。
When shall he be able to leave the hospital?
3. shall用于第二、三人稱(chēng)的陳述句，表示說(shuō)話(huà)人給對(duì)方的“命令、警告、允諾或威脅”。
You shall fail if you don’t work harder.
He shall have the book when I finish reading.
He shall be punished.
4. should表示勸告、建議、命令，其同義詞是ought to，在疑問(wèn)句中，通常用should代替ought to.
You should go to class right away.
Should I open the window?
5. should + have +done應(yīng)該做的事實(shí)上沒(méi)做;shouldn’t have done不該做的事卻已經(jīng)做了，常含有責(zé)備的意思。
You should have started earlier this morning.
You shouldn’t have treated her like that.
六. will和would的用法。
1. 用于疑問(wèn)句表示請(qǐng)求、建議等，would比will的語(yǔ)氣更加委婉。
Will you please give me a hand?
Would you mind my smoking here?
2. 表示意志、愿望和決心。
I will never do that again.
They asked us if we would do that again.
3. 用“will be”和“will have done”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示推測(cè)，主要用于二、三人稱(chēng)，前者表示對(duì)目前的情況的推測(cè)，后者表示對(duì)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或事態(tài)的推測(cè)。
This will be the book you want.
He will have arrived by now.
4. would可表示過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向，表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣時(shí)比used to正式，同時(shí)它沒(méi)有“現(xiàn)在已無(wú)此習(xí)慣”的含義。
I would visit him during my vacation.
The patient would not recover.
5. 表示料想或猜想。
He would be your new teacher.
He would not come any more.
七. ought to的用法。
1. ought to表示應(yīng)該時(shí)意義與should基本一致，但更側(cè)重于一種義務(wù)或責(zé)任。
You ought to take care of him.
Parents ought to bring up their children.
2. 表示推測(cè)，注意與must表示推測(cè)時(shí)的區(qū)別。
He must be home by now.
He ought to be home by now.
This is where she must be.
This is where she ought to be.
3. ought to have done的用法與should have done的用法相同
注意：ought to在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中，用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，to可以省略。如：
Ought you smoke so much?
You oughtn’t smoke so much.
八. used to; had better; would rather的用法。
1. used to表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不存在，在間接引語(yǔ)中，其形式可不變。如：He told us he used to play football when he was young.
1) 在疑問(wèn)句、否定句或否定疑問(wèn)句中，可有兩種形式。
疑問(wèn)句：Did you used to/Used you to go to the same school as your brother?
否定句：I usedn’t to/didn’t use to go there. (usedn’t 也可為usen’t, 發(fā)音不變)。
否定句疑問(wèn)句：Usedn’t you to/Didn’t you used to be interested in the play?
2) 在附加疑問(wèn)句和簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)中，也可有兩種形式。
She used to be very fat, didn’t/usedn’t she?
— Did you used to/Used you to play chess? — Yes, I did/used to.
2. had better意為“最好”，后接不帶to不定式。
We had better go now.
Hadn’t we better stop now?
I think I’d better be going.
You had better have done that.
3. would rather意為“寧愿”，表示選擇，后接不帶to的不定式。
I’d rather not say anything.
Would you rather work on a farm?
— Wouldn’t you rather stay here? — No, I would not. I’d rather go there.
由于would rather表選擇，故后面可接than.
I would rather watch TV than go to see than go to see the film.
I would rather throw it away than you should get it.(若than后面接從句常用should do)
I’d rather you didn’t talk about this to anyone.
would rather 還可寫(xiě)為would sooner/would as soon.
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