2017英語專八備考資料
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2017英語專八備考資料閱讀理解九大??汲鲱}點(diǎn)
1、篇首、篇尾、段首、段尾處???。
按照西方人習(xí)慣性的思維方式和寫作習(xí)慣,他們慣用的是演繹法:即文章一開始先提出自己的核心觀點(diǎn),然后具體一步步論證。因此,這類文章的主題句往往出現(xiàn)在首段或段首句。 文章的首段或尾段往往提出或總結(jié)出文章的主旨或結(jié)論,因此在做推理題時(shí),選項(xiàng)與文章主旨一致的就是答案。
在其他結(jié)構(gòu)的文章中,首段的末句或第二段的首句也是主題句的高發(fā)點(diǎn),特別是當(dāng)文章的首句后出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折性陳述,而所涉及的主體事物沒有發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變時(shí),那么文章的主題句往往是轉(zhuǎn)折詞后出現(xiàn)的與首句相對立的結(jié)論。
主題句在末段出現(xiàn)的情況相對比較少,只有當(dāng)文章首句出現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)折性的陳述,而且觀點(diǎn)和論述的主體事物均發(fā)生了改變時(shí),主題句才會(huì)在文章結(jié)尾出現(xiàn)。
2、語義轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ忍幊?肌?/p>
轉(zhuǎn)折句或轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系常常是文章內(nèi)容的強(qiáng)調(diào)之處,是作者表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)或陳述事物的關(guān)鍵地方。一般而言,作者常常借用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞來引出文章或段落的主旨大意。在表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞中,however是閱讀中引起語義或文義轉(zhuǎn)折的常用連詞,命題人常就該詞前后的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行命題,but和yet出現(xiàn)在段首或一個(gè)理論或現(xiàn)象剛剛說完之后,表示語義出現(xiàn)重大轉(zhuǎn)折,內(nèi)容與前面的會(huì)有很大差別。需要提醒考生注意的是轉(zhuǎn)折連詞后面的內(nèi)容往往是作者真實(shí)的寫作目的或基本觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度,而這又常是文章中心主旨的關(guān)鍵所在,因此命題者會(huì)圍繞這些地方出題。 閱讀文章中的對比常常表現(xiàn)為新老觀點(diǎn)的對比、錯(cuò)誤與正確觀念的對比,而這類文章的一般規(guī)律是作者列出一些陳舊或錯(cuò)誤的觀點(diǎn),然后提出正確的觀點(diǎn)對其反駁,因此,考生在回答這類題時(shí)要注意后面的觀點(diǎn),如果有轉(zhuǎn)折連詞,則要弄清轉(zhuǎn)折詞后面的內(nèi)容,因?yàn)檗D(zhuǎn)折詞后面的內(nèi)容常常是句子的重點(diǎn),也是命題人設(shè)題的依據(jù)。
3、特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)處???。
特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)處,尤其是段首的特殊符號(hào)所引出的內(nèi)容往往表達(dá)了作者的觀點(diǎn),闡述了全文的主題。此處所說的特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)包括:(1)破折號(hào)(表解釋);(2)括號(hào)(表解釋);(3)冒號(hào)(表解釋);(4)引號(hào)(表引用或有其他特殊含義);(5)分號(hào)(表示進(jìn)一步的解釋說明)等等。在主題段落或主題句中,特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)所引出的內(nèi)容往往是理解中心思想的關(guān)鍵因素,因此,在解答這類題時(shí),我們一定要特別注意對這部分的把握。
4、列舉、舉例與打比方處??肌?/p>
列舉處是指用First(ly)….Second(ly) ….Third(ly) ….Finally…;Not only…but also;In addition;Furthermore;Moreover;Above all;On the one hand…,On the other hand…等表示順承關(guān)系的詞語列舉出的事實(shí)。列舉處是事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題的主要出題點(diǎn)。考生在解題時(shí)要根據(jù)題干和選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞找到原文中相應(yīng)的列舉處,然后對照原文與選項(xiàng),若為正面出題,則與原文內(nèi)容相同的選項(xiàng)為正確答案;如果是反面設(shè)題,則與原文內(nèi)容不同的選項(xiàng)為正確答案。
為了使自己的觀點(diǎn)更有說服力、更加明確,作者還經(jīng)常用舉例子或打比方來論證,句中常由as,such as,for example,for instance,take…as an example等引導(dǎo)的短語或句子作為例證,這些例句或比喻就成為命題者提問的焦點(diǎn)。被設(shè)問的例子或比喻往往是與文章或段落中心緊密相關(guān)的;另外,對于那些與文章或段落中心關(guān)聯(lián)不明顯的例子,可以通過上下文來理解。出現(xiàn)在文章中的任何一個(gè)例子,考生都可以在上下文找到一段該例子的總結(jié)性文字,解答選擇題時(shí)要牢牢抓住這部分內(nèi)容。
5、指示代詞處??肌?/p>
為了簡潔明了地表達(dá)事物及其邏輯關(guān)系,寫作中常用各種指示代詞代替前面出現(xiàn)過的詞或短語,當(dāng)同時(shí)出現(xiàn)好幾個(gè)事物時(shí),它們之間的指代關(guān)系往往不易很快區(qū)分,因而常常被命題人所青睞。解答指代關(guān)系題時(shí)要注意:所有格代詞(their,its,his,her)指代其前面與其最接近的名詞;對于并列的及物動(dòng)詞而言,第二個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞后面的代詞賓語指代第一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞后面的名詞短語。
6、復(fù)雜句、特殊句處??肌?/p>
包含插入語、同位語、從句、非謂語動(dòng)詞短語等多個(gè)附屬和修飾成分的復(fù)雜句,以及強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句、虛擬句等特殊句式,常常是閱讀理解題命題的重點(diǎn)。解答這類閱讀題時(shí),考生一定要注意弄清句子的層次邏輯關(guān)系。
7、因果關(guān)系處??肌?/p>
兩個(gè)事件內(nèi)在的因果關(guān)系常常成為出題人的命題點(diǎn),一般來說,這種選擇題有兩種形式:給原因推結(jié)果或是給結(jié)果找原因。
8、結(jié)論處或引用人物論斷處常考。
作者為正確表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)或使論點(diǎn)更有說服力,常會(huì)引用某些權(quán)威人士的論斷或采納其重要發(fā)現(xiàn)等。命題者常在此處做文章。
很多文章都涉及到一些調(diào)查、實(shí)驗(yàn),這些調(diào)查、實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果、結(jié)論常常成為考點(diǎn),因此讀者一定要注意find,show,reveal,conclude等動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句以及thus等表示結(jié)論的詞語也要注意。
9、作者及人物觀點(diǎn)處???。
議論文中作者的思路一般是提出某觀點(diǎn)然后給予辯證支持,最后得出與觀點(diǎn)一致的結(jié)論。因此,弄清了作者的觀點(diǎn),就把握了作者的基本思路和態(tài)度,這樣的內(nèi)容自然成為閱讀理解考查的重點(diǎn)。另外,文中其他人物的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度也常常受出題人的青睞。
2017英語專八備考資料翻譯必備詞組100例
(1)把握大局 :grasp the overall situation
(2)擺譜兒:put on airs; keep up appearances
(3)白手起家: start from scratch
(4)拜年:pay New Year call ; wish sb a Happy New Year
(5)班門弄斧:teach one's grandma to suck eggs
(5)保質(zhì)期:quality guarantee period; sell-by date
(6)報(bào)銷 :apply for reimbursement
(7)爆冷門:produce an unexpected answer
(8)曝光:make public
(9)奔小康:strive for a relatively comfortable life
(10)閉門羹:given cold-shoulder
(11)比上不足,比下有余:fall short of the best, but be better than the worst ;
(12)逼上梁山:be driven to drastic alternatives
(13)變相漲價(jià):disguised inflation
(14)邊遠(yuǎn)貧困地區(qū):outlying poverty-stricken areas
(15)邊緣知識(shí)人:Marginal intellectuals
(16)表面文章:Lip service;surface formality
(17)博導(dǎo):Ph.D supervisor
(18)補(bǔ)發(fā)拖欠的養(yǎng)老金:Clear up pension payments in arrears
(19)不眠之夜:white night
(20)菜鳥:green hand
(21)產(chǎn)品科技含量 technoligical element of a product
(22)長江三角洲:Yangtze River delta
(23)長江中下游:the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River
(24)超前消費(fèi): pre-mature consumption / deficit spending
(25)城鎮(zhèn)居民最低生活保障:a minimum standard of living for residents
(26)城鎮(zhèn)職工醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度:the system of medical insurance for urban workers
(27)重復(fù)建設(shè):buiding redundant project; duplication of similar projects
(28)充值卡:rechargeable card
(29)春運(yùn):passenger transport around the Chinese lunar new year ; Spring Festival travel peak ; transport during the Spring Festival
(30)打破僵局:break the deadlock/ break the stalemate/ break the ice
(31)電腦盲:computer illiterate
(32)點(diǎn)球:penalty kick
(33)電視會(huì)議:video conference
(34)電視直銷:TV home shopping
(35)定向培訓(xùn):training for specific posts ; job-oriented training
(36)動(dòng)感電影:multidimensional movie
(37)豆腐渣工程:jerry-built projects
(38)對...毫無顧忌:make no bones about
(39)奪冠:take the crown ; champion ; win
(40)政治多元化:political pluralism
(41)服務(wù)行業(yè):service industry
(42)復(fù)合型人才:inter-disciplinary talent
(43)崗位培訓(xùn):on-the-job training ; job training
(44)高等教育自學(xué)考試:self-study higher education examination ; higher education self-study examinations
(45)高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)開發(fā)區(qū):high and new technological industrial development zone ; High-Tech Industry Development Zone
(46)各大菜系:major cuisine ; major styles of cooking
(47)各行各業(yè):every walk of life
(48)功夫不負(fù)有心人:Everything comes to him who waits ; hard work pays off
(49)各盡其能:let each person do his best
(50)公益活動(dòng):public welfare activities ; pro-bono activities
(51)工薪階層:salaried person ; working class ; wage-earning class
(52)過猶不及:going too far ia as bad as not going far enough ; too much is as bad astoo little
(53)函授大學(xué):correspondence university
(54)好萊塢大片:Hollywood blockbuster
(55)核心競爭力:core competitiveness
(56)虎父無犬子:A wise goose never lays a tame leg ;
Like father, like son.(有其父必有其子)
(57)基本國情:fundamental realities of the country
(58)激烈競爭:cut-throat competition ; fierce/intense competition
(59)極限運(yùn)動(dòng):maximal exercise/X-games
(60)集中精力把經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)搞上去:go all out for economic development ; focus on the economic developement
(61)加班:work overtime
(62)嘉賓: distinguished/honored guest
(63)加快市場步伐:quicken the pace of marketization
(64)假冒偽劣產(chǎn)品:counterfeit and shoddy products ; fake and poor quality commodities
(65)減負(fù):alleviate burdens on sb
(66)江南水鄉(xiāng):the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River
(67)教書育人:impart knowledge and educate people ; teach
(68)腳踏實(shí)地:be down-to-earth
(69)解除勞動(dòng)關(guān)系:sever labor relations
(70)擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需:expand domestic demand
(71)拉拉隊(duì):cheering squad
(72)論文答辯:(thesis) oral defence à on one’s thesis defence; defend one’s thesis (v.)
(73)馬到成功:achieve immediate victory ; succeed immediately
(74)三維電影/動(dòng)畫片:3-dimensional movie/animation
(75)森林覆蓋率:forest coverage
(76)社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)機(jī)構(gòu):social security institutions
(77)社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)問題:hot spots of society ; hot social issues
(78)社會(huì)治安情況: public security situation
(79)申辦城市:the bidding cities
(80)身體素質(zhì):physical constitution ; physique
(81)生計(jì)問題:bread-and-butter issue
(82)生意興隆 :Business flourishes. / Business is booming. / Business prospers.
(82)市場疲軟:a sluggish market ; a weak market
(83)市政工程:municipal projects
(84)事業(yè)單位:public institution
(85)試用期:probationary period ; trial period
(86)首創(chuàng)精神:pioneering spirit
(87)手機(jī)充值:cell phone replenishing/recharging
(88)臺(tái)灣同胞:Taiwan compatriots
(89)脫貧致富:cast off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity ; get rid of poverty and become better off/rich
(90)西部大開發(fā):Development of the West Regions ; the Great Development of Western China
(91)新秀:up-and-coming star ; rising star
(92)學(xué)生處:students' affairs division
(93)輿論導(dǎo)向:direction of public opinion
(94)招生就業(yè)指導(dǎo)辦公事:enrolment and vocation guidance office
(95)支柱產(chǎn)業(yè):pillar cornerstone industry
(96)中專生:secondary specialized or technical school student
(97)專題報(bào)道:special coverage/report ; feature story
(98)《阿Q正傳》:The True Story of Ah Q
(99)《春秋》:Spring and Autumn Annals
(100)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán):intellectual property rights
2017英語專八備考資料作文常用短語
1、不可否定 It is undeniable that…
2、跟上…的最新發(fā)展 keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast with
3、完整不同的觀點(diǎn) a totally different argument
4、在一定程度上 to some extent(degree) / in some way
5、蒙受更大的工作壓力 suffer from heavier work pressure
6、社會(huì)發(fā)展的必然成果 the inevitable result of social development
7、為社會(huì)做貢獻(xiàn) make contributions to the society
8、對…必不可少 be indispensable to …
9、對…發(fā)生有利/不利的影響 exert positive/ negative effects on…
10、保障社會(huì)的穩(wěn)固和繁華 guarantee the stability and prosperity of our society
11、經(jīng)濟(jì)/心理負(fù)擔(dān) financial burden / psychological burden
12、社會(huì)位置 social status
13、可貴的自然資源 valuable natural resources
14、緩解壓力/ 減輕負(fù)擔(dān) relieve stress(burden)
15、引起了普遍的公眾關(guān)注arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention
16、更多地強(qiáng)調(diào) put more emphasis on…
17、有爭議性的問題 a controversial issue
18、環(huán)保(的) environmental protection / environmentally friendly
19、綜合素質(zhì) comprehensive quality
20、雙方的論點(diǎn) arguments on both sides
21、…必然趨勢 an irresistible trend of…
22、優(yōu)先考慮/發(fā)展… give (top) priority to sth.
23、社會(huì)進(jìn)步的體現(xiàn) a symbol of society progress
24、導(dǎo)致、引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in
25、打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基本 lay a solid foundation for…
26、正如諺語所說 As the proverb(saying)goes,
27、競爭與合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation
28、施展著日益主要的作用 play an increasingly important role in…
29、對這一問題持有不同態(tài)度 hold different attitudes towards this issue
30、面臨新的機(jī)會(huì)和挑釁 be faced with new opportunities and challenges
31、毫無疑問 Undoubtedly, / There is no doubt that...
32、揚(yáng)長避短 Exploit to the full one’s favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones
33、人民生涯程度的明顯進(jìn)步/ 穩(wěn)步增加 the remarkable improvement(steady growth) of people’s living standard
34、實(shí)現(xiàn)夢想 realize one’s dream/ make one’s dream come true
35、器重 attach great importance to…
36、對…有害 do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to
37、斟酌到諸多因素 take many factors into account(consideration)
38、社會(huì)提高的反應(yīng) mirror of social progress
39、適應(yīng)社會(huì)發(fā)展 adapt oneself to the development of society
40、取其精華,取其糟粕 Take the essence and discard the dregs
41、熱鬧的討論/ 爭論 a heated discussion/ debate
42、取代 replace/ substitute / take the place of/give way to
43、理論和實(shí)踐相聯(lián)合integrate theory with practice
44、提出折中提議 set forth a compromise proposal
45、對…觀點(diǎn)因人而異 Views on …vary from person to person
46、科技的飛速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology
47、做出共同盡力 make joint efforts
48、有利有弊 Every coin has its two sides
49、致力于/ 投身于 be committed(devoted)to…
50、義務(wù)感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement 51、交換思想/ 感情/ 信息 exchange ideas/ emotions/ information