高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的生詞的解讀方法分析
在閱讀理解中，考生遇到的最大的問(wèn)題就是對(duì)于閱讀理解中的重要的生詞解讀的不正確，從而影響了判斷，下面學(xué)習(xí)啦的小編將為大家?guī)?lái)高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的生詞的解讀方法的介紹，希望能夠幫助到大家。
高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的生詞的解讀方法
1根據(jù)定義或解釋、說(shuō)明猜測(cè)生詞的詞義
在有be，call等判斷詞出現(xiàn)的句子中，可以根據(jù)已知部分，猜測(cè)生詞的含義。例如：
A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter。
通過(guò)理解定語(yǔ)從句的意思，能猜出carpenter是“木匠”的意思。
2根據(jù)對(duì)比關(guān)系猜測(cè)生詞的詞義
在有but，however，yet，otherwise，though這些表示意義轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞出現(xiàn)的句子中，其前后的詞有明顯的對(duì)比關(guān)系，根據(jù)已知的內(nèi)容，通過(guò)這種對(duì)比關(guān)系，就很容易猜出生詞的詞義了。例如：
Though Tom‘s face has been washed quite clean，his neck still remains grubby。
和clean意思相對(duì)的便是“骯臟的”了，因此可猜出句中g(shù)rubby的意思是“骯臟的”。
3通過(guò)因果關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義
because，since與as是連接原因狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞，so是連接結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞，so...that...與such...that...中的that是連接結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的。當(dāng)這些信息詞出現(xiàn)在有生詞的句子中，通過(guò)因果關(guān)系，依據(jù)已知部分就能猜出生詞的詞義。例如：
She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long。
根據(jù)because從句所講的意思，我們就可推測(cè)trim就是“修剪”之意。
4根據(jù)生活常識(shí)猜測(cè)詞義
運(yùn)用邏輯推理能力，自身的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)及生活常識(shí)。再聯(lián)系上下文能讀懂的部分，可以正確猜出詞義。例如：
Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold。
根據(jù)句子意思及生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)，wither是“枯萎”的意思。
5根據(jù)同等關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義
同等關(guān)系，指的是一個(gè)詞，一組詞或短語(yǔ)在句中作同一成分，而且它們的詞義都屬于同一范疇。明顯的標(biāo)志是，這樣的詞組或短語(yǔ)中間常常用并列連詞and或or來(lái)連接。例如：
At forty-two he was in his prime and always full of energy。
從“年齡42歲”以及與prime具有同等關(guān)系的full of energy可以猜出prime的意思是“盛年時(shí)期”。
6根據(jù)列舉的事例猜測(cè)詞義
You can take any of the periodicals：“The World of English”。“Foreign Language Teaching in Schools”，or“English Learning”。
從后面列舉的例子中，可以猜出periodical是“期刊，雜志”的意思。
7根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)猜測(cè)詞義
根據(jù)學(xué)過(guò)的構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)，知道詞根和前綴或后綴的意義，就可猜出由它們組成的新詞詞義。例如：
The colors of Hawaii in Summer are unforgettable。
forget 的意思是“忘記”，后綴"-able"表示“能夠”，前綴“un”表示否定，所以“unforgettable”意思就是“無(wú)法忘記的”或“難忘的”。
高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的練習(xí)題和答案
C
In 2013 alone at least 20,000 African elephants were killed for their teeth. In South Africa over the last two years more than 2,200 rhinos were killed for their horns. These numbers are alarming, because current rates of illegal hunting are faster than birth rates,which could lead to extinction for these ecologically important creatures in their environment. Indeed, some elephant and rhino populations are on track to be locally extinct within the next decade.
If you are reading this, you may already be aware of these facts. But you might not know that wildlife trafficking(走私) not only threatens the existence of elephants and rhinos but is also leading to extinction of other species, such as tigers, tortoises, sea turtles —and the world’s most trafficked mammal(哺乳動(dòng)物)—pangolins.
Pangolins are the only mammals that are entirely covered in tough scales(鱗), which makes them look very strong. But actually they are endangered mammals. There are eight different species of pangolins, four in Asia and four in Africa, and all are threatened with extinction. Although pangolins are protected throughout most of the countries where they live, high demand in East Asia, where the delicious pangolin meat is considered a delicacy and where their scales are used in traditional medicines, is driving an illegal trade in both live animals and pangolin parts. The number of pangolin trafficking is shocking. Experts believe that over the last 10 years more than 1 million pangolins were taken from the wild. It is estimated that between 40,000 and 81,250 pangolins were killed for the illegal trade in 2013 alone.
In February, the United States released a plan to deal with wildlife trafficking, which lays out the steps we will take to fight the illegal trade in wildlife, including pangolins. We are strengthening the carrying out of the plan; building international cooperation and contribution to protect wildlife; raising awareness to drive down the demand that is fuelling the illegal trade.
Get involved and remember World Wildlife Day (March 3) by spreading the plan. Use social media and tell everyone that now is the time to get serious about wildlife crime and end the demand that threatens species, big and small, from the huge elephant to the shy pangolin.
1. How many endangered creatures are mentioned in the passage?
A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 7.
2. Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 3? A. Eight species of pangolins live on the same continent.
B. Pangolins are not protected in most of their natural habitats.C. The scales of pangolins can be used as an ingredient for cooking.
D. High demand contributes to the illegal trade of pangolins in East Asia.
3. What can we know about the plan released by the US?
A. Social media will be used to spread World Wildlife Day.
B. Whether the plan will be worked out remains to be seen.
C. The US will work together with other countries to protect wildlife.
D. More and more people are advised to increase their needs of pangolins.
4. What is the author’s intention of writing the passage? A. To inform us something about World Wildlife Day.
B. To raise awareness of protecting endangered wildlife.
C. To explain why pangolins are illegally traded in East Asia.
D. To show how the United States is to fight the illegal trade in wildlife.
參考答案1—4、CDCB
(二)
【2014模擬沖刺試題】閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C、D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
Several weeks ago, a mysterious Christmas card dropped through our mailbox. The envelope was addressed to a man named Raoul, who, I was relatively certain, did not live with us. The envelope wasn't sealed, so I opened it. The inside of the card was blank. Ed, my husband, explained that the card was both from and to the newspaper deliveryman. His name was apparently Raoul, and Raoul wanted a holiday tip. We were meant to put a check inside the card and then drop the envelope in the mail. When your services are finished at 4 a.m., you can't simply hang around, like a hotel bellboy expecting a tip. You have to be direct.
So I wrote a nice holiday greeting to this man who, in my imagination, fires The New York Times from his bike aimed at our front door, causing more noise with mere newsprint than most people manage with sophisticated(復(fù)雜的) black market fireworks. With a start, I realized that perhaps the reason for the 4 a.m. wake-up noise was not ordinary rudeness but carefully executed spite(怨恨): I had not tipped Raoul in Christmas past. I honestly hadn't realized I was supposed to. This was the first time he'd used the card tactic(策略). So I got out my checkbook. Somewhere along the line, holiday tipping went from an optional thank-you for a year of services to a Mafia-style protection racket (收保護(hù)費(fèi)組織).
Several days later, I was bringing our garbage bins back when I noticed an envelope taped to one of the lids. The outside of the envelope said MICKEY. It had to be another tip request, this time from our garbage collector. Unlike Raoul, Mickey hadn't enclosed his own Christmas card from me. In a way, I appreciated the directness. "I know you don't care how merry my Christmas is, and that's fine," the gesture said. "I want , or I'll 'forget' to empty your garbage bin some hot summer day." I put a check in the envelope and taped it back to the bin. The next morning, Ed noticed that the envelope was gone, though the trash hadn't yet been picked up: "Someone stole Mickey's tip!" Ed was quite certain. He made me call the bank and cancel the check. But Ed had been wrong. Two weeks later, Mickey left a letter from the bank on our steps. The letter informed Mickey that the check, which he had tried to cash, had been cancelled.
The following Tuesday morning, when Ed saw a truck outside, he ran out with his wallet. "Are you Mickey?" The man looked at him with scorn(輕蔑). "Mickey is the garbageman. I am the recycling." Not only had Ed insulted(侮辱) this man by suggesting that he was a garbageman, but he had obviously neglected to tip him. Ed ran back inside for more funds. Then he noticed that the driver of the truck had been watching the whole incident. He peeled off another twenty and looked around, waving bills in the air. "Anyone else? "
Had we consulted the website of the Emily Post Institute, this embarrassing break of etiquette (禮節(jié)) could have been avoided. Under "trash/recycling collectors" in the institute's Holiday Tipping Guidelines, it says: " to each." You may or may not wish to know that your hairdresser, mailman and UPS guy all expect a holiday tip.
55. The newspaper deliveryman put a blank card inside the envelope because_____________________.
A. he wanted the couple to pay for the newspaper
B. he forgot to write a few words on it
C. he used it to ask for a Christmas tip
D. he was afraid of asking for a tip in person
56. From the passage, we learn that the author_________.
A. didn't like Raoul's way of delivering the paper
B. didn't realize why Raoul delivered the paper that way before
C. didn't know that Raoul delivered the paper for them
D. didn't feel it necessary to meet Raoul when he came
57. According to the passage, the author felt ______to give Raoul a holiday tip.
A. excited B. happy C. embarrassed D. forced
58. Which of the following is true about Mickey, the garbage collector?
A. He wrote a letter to the couple afterwards.
B. He failed to collect the money from the bank.
C. He wanted the couple to send him a Christmas card.
D. He collected both the check and the garbage that day.
59. Ed's encounter(遭遇) with the recycling team shows that________________________________.
A. Ed was desperate to correct his mistake
B. Ed only wanted to give money to Raoul
C. Ed was unwilling to tip the truck driver
D. Ed no longer wanted to give them money
60. From the passage we can infer that __________________________________________.
A. their garbage bin might not be emptied one day if the writer didn’t give tips
B. the writer could have avoided giving tips if they had consulted the website of the Emily Post Institute
C. the writer’s husband didn’t know Raoul at all
D. the writer’s family was too poor to give the tips
參考答案
55. C 根據(jù)第二段中的I had not tipped Raoul in Christmas past和This was the first time he'd used the card tactic可知Raoul是想要圣誕節(jié)小費(fèi)。D中的“was afraid of…”文章中未提到。
56. B 根據(jù)第二段中的With a start, I realized that perhaps the reason for the 4 a.m. wake-up noise was not ordinary rudeness…可知作者以前并不知道Raoul這樣扔報(bào)紙和發(fā)出噪音的原因。
57. D 根據(jù)第二段中的I honestly hadn't realized I was supposed to可知作者是被迫付費(fèi)的。
58. B 根據(jù)第四段中的The letter informed Mickey that the check, which he had tried to cash, had been cancelled.可知他沒(méi)拿到錢(qián)。
59. A 根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Ed拿著錢(qián)包去問(wèn)司機(jī)可知他拼命想改正原先未付小費(fèi)的錯(cuò)誤。
60. A 根據(jù)I'll 'forget' to empty your garbage bin some hot summer day."可以推斷出正確答案。
(三)
【2014仿真模擬沖刺卷】閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C、D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
Sixteen years ago I learned this lesson in the back of a New York City taxi cab.Here’s what happened.I hopped in a taxi, and we took off for Grand Central Station.We were driving in the right lane when, all of a sudden, a black car jumped out of a parking space right in front of us.My taxi driver slammed on his brakes, skidded, and missed the other car’s back end by just inches!
The driver of the other car, who almost caused a big accident, started yelling bad words at us.My taxi driver just smiled and waved at the guy.And I mean he was friendly.So, I said, “Why did you just do that?This guy almost ruined your car and sent us to the hospital!” And this is when my taxi driver told me what I now call “The Law of the Garbage Truck.”
Many people are like garbage (rubbish) trucks.They run around full of garbage, full of frustration, full of anger, and full of disappointment.As their garbage piles up, they need a place to dump it.And if you let them, they’ll dump it on you.When someone wants to dump on you, don’t take it personally.You just smile, wave, wish them well, and move on.You’ll be happy with what you did.
I started thinking, how often do I let Garbage Trucks run right over me?And how often do I take their garbage and spread it to other people at work, at home, or on the streets?It was that day
I said, “I’m not going to do anymore.”
Successful people do not let Garbage Trucks take over their day.What about you?If you let more garbage trucks pass you by, you’ll be happier.Life’s too short to wake up in the morning with regrets.So, Love the people who treat you right.Forget about the ones who don’t.
41.What happened one day when the author was taking a taxi?
A.The taxi almost hit another car.
B.The taxi driver was injured.
C.The author scolded the driver of the other car.
D.The author learned a lesson from the driver of the garbage truck.
42.How did the taxi driver respond to the behavior of the driver of the black car?
A.He yelled back at the driver.
B.He sent the driver to the hospital.
C.He was friendly towards the driver.
D.He dumped some garbage in front of his car.
43.What does the taxi driver think of people according to Paragraph 3?
A.Many people like to drive garbage trucks.
B.Many people dump garbage wherever they like.
C.Many people are warm-hearted to make others happy.
D.Many people tend to be very much depressed.
44.What can we infer from Paragraph 4?
A.The author used to have a lot of garbage trucks.
B.The author used to complain a lot.
C.The author used to have a lot of money.
D.The author used to be a good manager.
45.According to the passage, what should you do if people “dump garbage” on you?
A.Ignore them and go on with our own work.
B.Try our best to persuade them not to do that again.
C.Tell them to dump the garbage in the right place.
D.Take over their work and carry the garbage to somewhere else.
【參考答案】41---45ACDBA
(四)
【2016高考訓(xùn)練題】閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C、D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
Using tablet computers like Apple’s iPad and Samsung’s Galaxy Note just before bed can lead to a poor night’s sleep, according to research.
More and more people are taking their tablets to bed with them to surf the web, check Facebook or email before switching off the light. But researchers are warning that the blueish light their screens emit can stop users getting a good night’s sleep. That is because this type of light mimics daylight, convincing the brain that it is still daytime. Blue light suppresses production of a brain chemical called melatonin, which helps us fall sleep. This is because our brains have evolved to be wakeful during daylight hours. By contrast, light which is more orange or red in tone does not reduce melatonin production, perhaps because our brains recognize it as a cue that the day is ending.
Neurologists (神經(jīng)病學(xué)家) have known for years that staring at screens late in the evening can disrupt sleep. Researchers at the Lighting Research Centre, at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in New York, are warning that looking at tablet displays for more than two hours “leads to a suppression of our natural melatonin levels as the devices emit optical radiation (光輻射) at short wavelengths” - in other words, they emit bluer light.
They say: “Although turning off devices at night is the ultimate solution, it is recommended that if these devices are used at night displays are dimmed as much as possible and that the time spent on them before bed should be limited.”
They drew their conclusions after measuring melatonin levels in 13 volunteers, after they had spent time viewing iPads at full brightness at a distance of 10 inches, for two hours. Melatonin levels were significantly lower after they had done this, than they were after the volunteers had viewed their iPads for the same time, but while wearing orange glass goggles, which cut out the blue light.
They wrote in the journal Applied Ergonomics that tablet makers could “tune the spectral power distribution of self-luminous devices (自發(fā)光設(shè)備的頻譜功率分布)” so that they disrupted the sleep patterns of users less.
It is not just a good night’s sleep that could be jeopardized (危害) by too much late night screen time. Researchers know that persistent disruption to sleep patterns can lead to an increased risk of obesity, and even breast cancer. However, these studies tend to be comparisons of those with chronic (慢性的) sleep disruption, such as long term shift workers, with those who have normal sleep patterns.
12. What is it that stops users getting a good night’s sleep?
A. Screens B. blueish light C. Melatonin D. Orange or red light
13. Based on their findings, researchers have made the following suggestions except that ________.
A. Devices like iPads should be turned off at night.
B. Tablet makers should make improvements in devices.
C. Users should view iPads at full brightness instead of wearing orange glass goggles.
D. The time spent on screen before bed should be controlled.
14. We can infer from the passage that _________.
A. Orange and red light does no good to a good night’s sleep.
B. Our brains recognize orange or red light in tone as a cue that the day is ending.
C. The less melatonin our body produces, the easier we fall asleep.
D. Too much late night screen time leads to more than sleep problem.
15. The writer’s purpose for writing this article is to ________.
A. inform readers of a recent research.
B. complain about problems caused by using iPads before bed.
C. offer some suggestions on late night screen viewing.
D. advocate late night screen viewing.
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