高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解之主旨大意的解題方法
高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解之主旨大意的解題方法
在閱讀理解中，不同的題考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是不一樣 的，學(xué)生過(guò)要知道英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的解題的方法，下面學(xué)習(xí)啦的小編將為大家?guī)?lái)高中英語(yǔ)閱讀題的分類型的解題技巧介紹的，希望能夠幫助到大家。
高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解之主旨大意的解題技巧
典例剖析1.[2015·江蘇高考，C篇]Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It's very likely that you'll want to have volunteers to help with the organization's activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.
Let's begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.
People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people's wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g., “I volunteer because it's important to me.”) to an external factor (e.g. ，“I volunteer because I'm required to do so.”). When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.
Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have conducted followup studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. Although this result may not surprise you, it leads to important practical advice. The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.
Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work. Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.” Consistent with the researchers' expectations, they found a positive correlation (正相關(guān)) between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again, lead to concrete advice: “Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity... Items like Tshirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity.”
QWhat is the best title of the passage?
A.How to Get People to Volunteer
B.How to Study Volunteer Behaviors
C.How to Keep Volunteers' Interest
D.How to Organize Volunteer Activities
[答案] A 主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要闡述了人們?yōu)槭裁匆鲋驹刚?，和持續(xù)進(jìn)行志愿活動(dòng)與志愿者身份認(rèn)同之間的正比關(guān)系，并強(qiáng)調(diào)要加強(qiáng)對(duì)志愿者身份的認(rèn)同。A項(xiàng)“如何讓人們參與志愿者活動(dòng)”能概括文章中心，適合做標(biāo)題。故選A。
2.[2015·天津高考，B篇]Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years. Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way, said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist at the robot company Jibo.
While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools. For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.
...
QWhat does the passage mainly present?
A.A new design idea of household robots.
B.Marketing strategies for social robots.
C.Information on household robots.
D.An introduction to social robots.
[答案] D 主旨大意題。第一段第一句“Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.”開篇點(diǎn)題并結(jié)合對(duì)全文的整體理解可推知，本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要對(duì)社交機(jī)器人進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要的介紹。故選D。
技能演練
CHICAGO (Reuters)Smoking not only can wrinkle (皺紋) the face and turn it yellow—it can do the same to the whole body, researchers reported on Monday.
The study, published in the Archives of Dermatology, shows that smoking affects the skin all over the body—even skin protected from the sun.
...
Smoking can also damage the connective tissue (組織) that supports both die skin and the internal organs.
QThe best title for this passage would be ________.
A.The Danger of Smoking
B.Smoking Causes Skin Aging
C.Quit Smoking for Health
D.A Survey of Smokers
答案：B 主旨大意題。本文主要講述了吸煙影響皮膚，使皮膚衰老。所以選B。
2.British pupils taught by Chinese are better than their peers in maths and science, a new study has found.
In a study aimed at comparing the British and the Chinese school systems, pupils taught by Chinese teachers outperformed the rest of their peers in a series of exams set by an independent research body (The Institute of EducationIOE).
In an experiment for BBC Two's “Are Our Kids Tough Enough? Chinese School”， five teachers from China were responsible for the education of 50 students for four weeks at Bohunt School in Hampshire. Learning together in one classroom, the students of mixed abilities were taught in a Chinese style education system, with 12 hour days and a stricter learning regime (制度).
...
QWhat's the test mainly talk about?
A.The British students guided by the Chinese teachers behave better than their mates in some aspects of schooling.
B.Chinese teachers are better than American teachers in maths and science.
C.The school systems between China and Britain are so different.
D.The Chinese teachers show a stricter learning to the British students.
答案：A 主旨大意題。本文主要講述由中國(guó)老師指導(dǎo)的英國(guó)學(xué)生在學(xué)校的表現(xiàn)比其他學(xué)生要好。所以選A。
3.In an incredible feat (技藝) of memory, college lecturer Li Yanzhi, 51, recited every word of an EnglishChinese dictionary, a total of 220,000 words.
The 51yearold business English lecturer at Xi'an Jiaotong University in Xi'an, started to recite the entire content of an EnglishChinese dictionary on August 6, 2013, and completed the task 19 days later. Since that first recitation, she has performed the task 28 times.
“I tried to remember every word in the dictionary in order to make it easier for me to teach my classes，” Li said.
Her perseverance (堅(jiān)持) comes from a hard life that taught her to keep going forward no matter how many difficulties she encountered.
...
QWhat could be the best title for the text?
A.A Responsible Mother
B.An Effective Teaching Method
C.An Extraordinary Female
D.A Living Dictionary
答案：D 主旨大意題。本文主要講述的是一個(gè)大學(xué)講師，通過(guò)努力把一部英漢詞典全部背過(guò)，堪稱一部“活詞典”。
4.[2016·青島聯(lián)考]I work in a nursing home and my job is to take care of the elderly.
This year, a very sweet old lady that I cared for, Alice, had gone through a difficult time. She got dementia and so she had been in the hospital twice. In November I was finally able to get her back to her “home”.
Alice had thought her daughter was coming to visit her on Christmas Day and that they were going to have the whole family together like the old days. When she finally realized that that happy moment was not going to happen, she was very sad. Knowing that her daughter was coming after Christmas was not enough to make her feel happy. I hated the idea of her being alone on the holiday!
On Christmas Eve, I gave her a surprise by asking if she would like to go to a candlelight service at church that night.
Instead of taking her to my church, I took her to her old neighborhood church where all her friends were. We got there early and I got her a seat where her friends could see her as they came in. Then soon some of her friends came to the church and they rushed over to greet her and sit with her.
The candlelight service was beautiful and Alice got a lot of love from her old and new friends there.
The truth of the story is that I am the one who got the best gift: the smile on Alice's face.
QWhat is the best title for this passage?
A.A Special Candlelight Christmas Eve
B.The Dream of All Old Lonely Ladies
C.My Special Job
D.The True Love
答案：A 主旨大意題。本文講述了作者幫助一位老人過(guò)了一個(gè)特別的燭光平安夜的故事，故選A項(xiàng)。
高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解之指代對(duì)象題的解題技巧
典例剖析[2015·浙江高考，C篇]If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal (夜間活動(dòng)的) species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night: We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
...
QWhat does “it”(Paragraph 1) most probably refer to?
A.The night. B.The moon.
C.The sky. D.The planet.
[答案] A 指代判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night: We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with night.”可知，事實(shí)上，雖然我們并不承認(rèn)自己是白晝生物，但很多時(shí)候我們總是用光來(lái)照亮夜晚，故此處it指代前面的“the night”。故選A項(xiàng)。
2.[2015·湖南高考，A篇]...
Cyclists jump on and off pavements (which are meant for pedestrians), ride at speed along the pavements, and think they have a special right to go through traffic lights when they are on red.
I was almost knocked down recently by a cyclist riding on the pavement when there was a cycle lane right next to him.
Other road users, including horse riders, manage to obey the rules so why not cyclists?
It's about time they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident, at least they can be traced and there might be an opportunity to claim.
——JML
Write to Viewpoints of the newspaper.
QThe underlined word “they” in the third letter refers to ________.
A.accidents B.vehicles
C.pedestrians D.cyclists
[答案] D 指代判斷題。根據(jù)第三封信第一段第一句的主語(yǔ)“Cyclists”可知，該信主要是對(duì)騎自行車者的抱怨和建議;結(jié)合畫線詞所在句中的“they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident”可知，騎自行車者應(yīng)該注冊(cè)登記并購(gòu)買保險(xiǎn)，這樣當(dāng)他們撞上行人或車輛，引發(fā)事故時(shí)，可以被查出，承擔(dān)責(zé)任。由此可推知，“they”指代的是“cyclists”。故D項(xiàng)正確。
3.[2015·福建高考，B篇]...
Papa, as a son of a dirtpoor farmer, left school early and went to work in a factory, for education was for the rich then. So, the world became his school. With great interest, he read everything he could lay his hands on, listened to the town elders and learned about the world beyond his tiny hometown. “There's so much to learn，” he'd say. “Though we're born stupid, only the stupid remain that way.” He was determined that none of his children would be denied (拒絕) an education.
Thus, Papa insisted that we learn at least one new thing each day. Though, as children, we thought this was crazy, it would never have occurred to us to deny Papa a request. And dinner time seemed perfect for sharing what we had learned. We would talk about the news of the day; no matter how insignificant, it was never taken lightly. Papa would listen carefully and was ready with some comment, always to the point.
QThe underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “________”.
A.one new thing B.a request
C.the news D.some comment
[答案] C 指代判斷題。根據(jù)畫線詞前面的“We would talk about the news of the day; no matter how insignificant”可知，吃晚飯的時(shí)候，作者一家人會(huì)談?wù)撨@一天所發(fā)生的新聞，不管這些事是多么的無(wú)關(guān)緊要。由此可推知，“it”指代的是這句話中的“the news”。故答案選C。
技能演練Have you heard of the term “tweenager” ? It's a new word being used in the UK to describe children between the ages of about 10 and 12. Why are the media suddenly referring to kids in this way?
Well, more and more companies are beginning to create products and services for tweenagers. The Disney company sells the Hannah Montana television show, music, films and products to tweenagers and their parents. You can get everything from branded lunchboxes and cellphones, to fan magazines and clothing. The High School Musical series of films is also intended for a tweenage audience. So, it's all about sales, which tells us tweenagers must have more money, freedom and influence upon their parents than they have ever had before.
...
QThe underlined word “they” in the second paragraph most probably refers to “________”.
A.companies B.sales
C.tweenagers D.their parents
答案：C 指代判斷題。現(xiàn)在的孩子比以前的孩子有更多的零花錢、更多的自由，以及對(duì)家長(zhǎng)的影響更大了。這里是拿現(xiàn)在的孩子跟以前的孩子對(duì)比，所以選C。
2....
Like Schmid, the editors of several selfpublished art magazines also champion (捍衛(wèi)) found photographs. One of them,_called simply Found, was born one snowy night in Chicago, when Davy Rothbard returned to his car to find under his wiper (雨刷) an angry note intended for some else：“Why's your car HERE at HER place?” The note became the starting point for Rothbard's addictive publication, which features found photographs sent in by readers, such a poster discovered in our drawer.
...
QThe underlined word “them” in Paragraph 4 refers to ________.
A.the readers
B.the editors
C.the found photographs
D.the selfpublished magazines
答案：D 指代判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“Like Schmid, the editors of several selfpublished art magazines also champion (捍衛(wèi)) found photographs.”以及第二句中畫線后的“called simply Found”可推知，them指代“self-published art magazines”，所以選D。
3.[2016·山西聯(lián)考]...
The latest Chinese “god song” (an Internet term to describe pop songs that spread virally through the Internet) is still stirring up fierce debates between those who view it as a milestone for Chinese pop music going global and those who regard it as a bad image of China.
Last week, Little Apple, written and performed by the Chopsticks Brothers, won the AMA International Song Award and the_duo performed the song at the 2014 American Music Awards in Los Angeles. Another Chinese pop singer, Zhang Jie, won the International Artist Award.
...
QWhat do the underlined words “the duo” refer to?
A.Little Apple.
B.Chopsticks Brothers.
C.Zhang Jie.
D.American singers.
答案：B 指代判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Last week, Little Apple, written and performed by the Chopsticks Brothers, won the AMA International Song Award and the_duo performed the song at the 2014 American Music Awards in Los Angeles.”可推知，the duo的意思是“一對(duì)表演者”，此處代指《小蘋果》的表演者“筷子兄弟”，故選B項(xiàng)。
4.[2016·南昌一模]...
Even if trees cannot walk, they are still on the move.
In parts of the Arctic, entire forests are moving northward. Across the Arctic, temperatures are rising faster than anywhere else in the world. As that happens, the tree line that marks where forests stop and the treeless tundra (凍原) starts has been shifting northward. Trees growing along the tree line must protect themselves from the cold wind. To do this,_plants tend to grow horizontal (水平的) branches low to the ground. The energy it takes for trees to grow this way means they don't have enough energy to make seeds.
QWhat does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A.To produce more seeds.
B.To move northward
C.To respond to the climate change.
D.To protect themselves from the cold wind.
答案：D 指代判斷題。根據(jù)畫線詞前的“Trees growing along the tree line must protect themselves from the cold wind.”可知，畫線詞this指代的是本句中的“protect themselves from the cold wind”，即D項(xiàng)正確。
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