初一上冊英語知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)
關(guān)于任何事物的知識都有五個層次或者要素:事物的名稱、定義、形象,有關(guān)事物的智識或者知識,以及事物本身——這才是知識的真正目標(biāo)。下面小編給大家分享一些初一上冊英語知識點(diǎn),希望能夠幫助大家,歡迎閱讀!
初一上冊英語知識點(diǎn)1
一、48個國際音標(biāo)及26個英文字母的正確書寫
要熟練掌握元音和輔音,5個元音字母(a, e, i, o, u),字母的正確占格及單詞間距。
二、be動詞的用法
be動詞有三種變形,分別是:am, is, are。記憶口訣:
"我"用am, "你"用are, is用于"他、她、它";單數(shù)全都用is,復(fù)數(shù)全部都用are。
三、人稱及人稱代詞的不同形式(主格和賓格)
1、三種人稱:第一人稱(I, we),第二人稱(you, you),第三人稱(he, she, it, Maria)。
2、人稱代詞的主格,即人稱代詞位于句子主語位置時的形態(tài):I, We, You, You, He, She, It, Maria。
3、人稱代詞的賓格,即人稱代詞位于句子賓語位置時的形態(tài):me, us, you, you, him, her, it。
4、形容詞性物主代詞:my, our, your, your, his, her, its, their。
5、名詞性物主代詞:mine, ours, yours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs。
6、反身代詞:myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves。
四、基數(shù)詞(表示數(shù)量多少的詞,大致相當(dāng)于代數(shù)里的自然數(shù))
zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three,twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty,seventy, eighty, ninety, one hundred,one hundred and one。
五、一般疑問句及特殊疑問句
1、一般疑問句:能用Yes或No來回答的問句。一般疑問句句尾讀升調(diào)。
2、特殊疑問句:不能用Yes或No來回答的問句。特殊疑問句句尾讀降調(diào)。
六、可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)
可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時,有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。
1、規(guī)則變化:
(1)一般情況直接在詞尾加"-s ",如:cake-cakes, bag-bags, day-days, face-faces, orange-oranges等;
(2)以s, x, sh, ch結(jié)尾的詞,要在詞尾加"-es ",如:bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes等;
(3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞,變y為i再加"-es ",如:baby-babies, country-countries, family-families等;
(4)部分以f (e)結(jié)尾的詞,變f (e)為"ves ",如:knife-knives, half-halves等;
(5)以o結(jié)尾的詞,加"-s "或"-es ",如:zoo-zoos, photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes等。記憶口訣:除了"英雄"hero外,凡是能吃的,加"-es ",不能吃的加"-s "。
2、不規(guī)則變化:
(1)改變單數(shù)名詞中的元音字母:man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth等;
(2)單、復(fù)同形:sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese等;
(3)其他形式:mouse-mice, child-children等。
七、簡單句的成分及主謂一致原則
最基本構(gòu)成:主語+謂語+賓語,其中謂語由動詞來充當(dāng)。
主謂一致原則,就是句子的謂語要始終與主語保持?jǐn)?shù)量上的一致性。當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)(簡稱"三單")時,謂語動詞也要相應(yīng)變成單數(shù)形式;當(dāng)主語非"三單"時,謂語動詞就用原形。實(shí)意動詞變"三單"的規(guī)則如下:
(1)一般動詞在詞尾加"-s ",如:like-likes, tell-tells, play-plays等;
(2)以字母s, x,ch, sh結(jié)尾的動詞加"-es ",如:guess-guesses, teach-teaches, watch-watches等;
(3)以o結(jié)尾的動詞一般加"-es ",如:do-does, go-goes等;
(4)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞,先變y為i,再加"-而是",如:fly-flies, carry-carries等;
(5)have的三單形式是has。
八、冠詞的用法(名詞前面必須要有冠詞)
冠詞分為定冠詞(the)和不定冠詞(a, an)兩種。
1、定冠詞the表示"特指",可譯為"這個"、"那個"、"這些"、"那些"。
2、不定冠詞a, an用來表明(可數(shù))名詞的數(shù)量是"一個"。an用于以元音開頭(注意不是以元音字母開頭)的單詞前,a則英語非元音開頭的單詞前。
3、不定冠詞a, an與基數(shù)詞one的區(qū)別是:不定冠詞不是刻意強(qiáng)調(diào)"數(shù)量",而基數(shù)詞則強(qiáng)調(diào)"數(shù)量"。
九、助動詞(do, does )的用法
只有實(shí)意動詞作謂語時才涉及使用助動詞。以like為例:
(1)當(dāng)句子為肯定句時不涉及使用助動詞,只涉及"主謂一致"原則。
eg : I like English a lot.
Michael likes Chinese food very much.
(2)當(dāng)句子為否定句時,要根據(jù)主語的人稱來決定使用相應(yīng)的助動詞:當(dāng)主語為"三單"時,要使用does;當(dāng)主語為"非三單"時,用助動詞原形do。例如把下列句子變否定句:
Kangkang likes math.----Kangkang doesn't like math.
They like sports.------They don't like sports.
(3)當(dāng)句子變疑問句時,同樣要根據(jù)句子的主語來決定在句首使用Do或Does.例如下列句子變問句:
Michael likes Chinese Food.----Does Michael like Chinese food? Yes, he does./ No, he doesn't.
Jane and Helen like music.----Do Jand and Helen like music? Yes, they do./ No, they don't.
十、名詞所有格
1、Kangkang's books;Tom and Helen's desk; Ann's and Maria's bikes;
2、用of表示"......的",但要從of后往of前翻譯:a book of mine(我的一本書)
3、have與of的區(qū)別:
have一般表示"主動擁有",往往用于有生命的人或動物;無生命的物體一般不能"主動擁有",表示所屬關(guān)系時要用of。例如:
I have a new bike. She has two big eyes.
a door of the house
初一上冊英語知識點(diǎn)2
1、Unit 1 --Unit 2
(1)問候語:
Good morning/ afternoon/ evening.
How are you?---Just OK, thank you. How are you?---Not bad, thanks.
Hi! Hello!
How do you do?
(2)道別用語:
Nice/ Glad to meet/ see you.(meet用于初次見面,see用于熟人間)
Nice to meet/ see you, too.
Goodbye. Byebye. Bye. See you (later/ tomorrow/ next time)! So long! Good night!
(3)介紹人或者物的句型:This is...
(4)Excuse me.與I'm sorry.的區(qū)別:
Excuse me.是要引起對方的注意,而I'm sorry.則是向?qū)Ψ降狼浮?/p>
(5)詞組be from = come from
(6)當(dāng)問句中問到this/ that時,回答要用it;問到these/ those時,要用they來回答。 例如: What's this in English?----It's an eraser.
What are those?----They are books.
(7)對Thanks.的回答:That's OK./ You're welcome./ My pleasur.
(8)look the same = have the same looks
give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth.
be like = look like
in the tree/ on the tree (樹上結(jié)的、長出來的用on,否則用in)
in red(穿著紅色的衣服)
in the desk(在空間范圍之內(nèi))
in English(用英語)
help sb. do sth.
(9)both與all的區(qū)別:
both表示"兩者都......";all表示"三者及以上都......"。
2、Unit 3--Unit 4
(1)speak的用法
speak與say不同:speak表示"說"的動作,不表示"說"的內(nèi)容;say則表示"說"的內(nèi)容。
speak后面除了能接"語言"外,不能直接接?xùn)|西,后面加了to則表示"對......說"。
help sb. with sth.(幫助某人做/補(bǔ)習(xí)......)
want to do sth.(想要做某事)
would like to do sth.
not...at all(一點(diǎn)都不);Not at all.(沒關(guān)系/別介意)
like...a lot = like...very much
(2)some和any的區(qū)別:
口訣:some用于肯定句,否定、疑問變any。例如:
I have some money.
I don't have any money.
Do you have any money?
(3)have a seat = take a seat(請隨便坐)
(4)祈使句(表示命令或請求的句子)
祈使句一般都省略了主語You,所以其否定句直接用Don't開頭。例如:
Don't go there!
(5)問職業(yè):
What does sb. do?
What is sb.?
What's sb.'s job?
(6)work與job的區(qū)別:
work是未必有報酬的"工作",例如homework, housework;而job則一定是有報酬的"工作"。
(7)on指在物體的表面,不論這個面是否水平的,例如:
on the desk/ wall/ farm/ playground
(8)in hospital(住院);in the hospital(在醫(yī)院里)
look after(照料/照顧/照看)
help oneself(請自便/隨便吃)
(9)表示"建議"的句型:"做某事如何?"
What about (doing) sth.? (英式英語)
How about (doing) sth.? (美式英語)
Why don't you do sth.? = Why not do sth.?
(10)"吃"一日三餐要用have:have breakfast/ lunch/ supper
have...for breakfast/ lunch/ supper
take one's order
be kind to sb.
(11)try on這個詞組可合可分:名詞可以放在這個詞組的中間或后面,但代詞只能放在詞組的中間。
(12)在口語中往往用take表示"買"。
(13)how many與how much的區(qū)別:
how many + 可數(shù)名詞;how much + 不可數(shù)名詞
(14)What do you think of...? 是詢問對方對某事物的看法;
How do you like...? 是問對方對某事物喜歡的程度。
think about(考慮)
Thank you all the same. (即使對方?jīng)]能幫上忙,也要禮貌道謝)
Thanks. = Thank you.(thank作為動詞,不能單獨(dú)使用。)
(15)one與it的區(qū)別:
當(dāng)上下文說的是同一種類事物時,任意一個可以用one來代替;如果上下文所說的是同一個事物時則用it。例如:
Ann :I have a yellow bag.
Jane :I have a green one.
Tom : Hey, Mike. Where is your bike?
Mike : Look, it's over there.
(16)倒裝句
Here you are.
Here it is.
(17)be free (有空/免費(fèi))
forget to do sth.(忘了去做某事)
forget doing sth.(忘了做過某事)
What's up? = What's wrong with...? = What's the matter with...?
(18)go + v.-ing結(jié)構(gòu)的含義:為了實(shí)現(xiàn)某目的才去的。例如:
go fishing/ boating/ swimming/ shopping等
(19)have to do sth.(非主觀因素,強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀因素,"不得不去做某事")
must 則表示主觀愿望
(20)fly a kite = fly kites
be free = have time
(21)句型"該干某事了。":It's time to do sth. = It's time for sth.
例如:該吃午飯了.
It's time to have lunch. = It's time for lunch.
(22)時間的表述
當(dāng)分針?biāo)傅臅r間大于0分、小于等于30分鐘時,用"分鐘"past"小時"。例如:
8:23--twenty-three past eight
當(dāng)分針?biāo)傅臅r間大于30分鐘、小于60分鐘時,用"剩余的時間"to"下一個整點(diǎn)"。例如:
8:49--eleven to nine
當(dāng)然,還可以直接按照小時、分鐘去讀出時間,例如:
8:23--eight twenty-three; 8:49--eight forty-nine
整點(diǎn)則在數(shù)詞后加"-o'clock",例如:8:00--eight o'clock
在鐘點(diǎn)前介詞要用at.
初一上冊英語知識點(diǎn)3
I. 初一英語上冊重點(diǎn)短語
1. Sit down
2. on duty
3. in English
4. have a seat
5. at home
6. look like
7. look at
8. have a look
9. come on
10. at work
11. at school
12. put on
13. look after
14. get up
15. go shopping
II. 初一英語上冊重要句型
1. help sb. do sth.
2. What about…?
3. Let’s do sth.
4. It’s time to do sth.
5. It’s time for …
6. What’s…? It is…/ It’s…
7. Where is…? It’s….
8. How old are you? I’m….
9. What class are you in? I’m in….
10. Welcome to….
11. What’s …plus…? It’s….
12. I think…
13. Who’s this? This is….
14. What can you see? I can see….
15. There is (are) ….
16. What colour is it (are they)? It’s(They’re)…
17. Whose …is this? It’s….
18. What time is it? It’s….
III. 初一英語上冊交際用語
1. Good morning, Miss/Mr….
2. Hello! Hi!
3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too.
4. How are you? I’m fine, thank you/thanks.And you?
5. See you. See you later.
6. Thank you! You’re welcome.
7. Goodbye! Bye!
8. What’s your name? My name is ….
9. Here you are. This way, please.
10. Who’s on duty today?
11. Let’s do.
12. Let me see.
IV. 初一英語上冊重要語法
1. 動詞be的用法;
2. 人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法;
3. 名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格的用法;
4. 冠詞的基本用法;
5. There be句型的用法。