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托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作怎么寫(xiě)拿高分

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托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作怎么寫(xiě)拿高分

  時(shí)長(zhǎng)為30分鐘的托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作部分對(duì)考生的語(yǔ)言能力、思維能力和臨場(chǎng)應(yīng)變能力都面臨很大的挑戰(zhàn)。怎么寫(xiě)好托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作呢?下面就是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作,希望對(duì)你有用!

  托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作方法

  首段:借助三類(lèi)方式來(lái)點(diǎn)題

  首先,托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作開(kāi)頭要做到開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山,明確托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作話題和目的,可以采用以下幾種方式:

  1.借助名人名言來(lái)引入觀點(diǎn)。這種方式是很好的,可以體現(xiàn)考生在寫(xiě)作中的觀點(diǎn)展示的豐富程度。當(dāng)然,在這之前考生應(yīng)該掌握比較多的名言警句。在遇到相關(guān)話題時(shí)使用。這種引入方式不限話題。

  2.講故事的方式引入要論證的觀點(diǎn)。這種方式對(duì)考生的要求較高,如何在能夠說(shuō)清楚故事的同時(shí),一邊估計(jì)故事和論點(diǎn)之間的契合,一邊注意控制首段的字?jǐn)?shù),是考生需要面對(duì)的問(wèn)題。

  3.借助現(xiàn)象來(lái)引出觀點(diǎn)。這種托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作開(kāi)頭方式常見(jiàn)于社會(huì)類(lèi)話題中,對(duì)于話題的討論可以不突兀、自然進(jìn)行。要注意如何簡(jiǎn)明描述現(xiàn)象并自然推進(jìn)到話題討論。

  中間段:學(xué)會(huì)三步寫(xiě)作模式

  中間段落的文章結(jié)構(gòu)通常如下:Transitional words + topic sentence + development。托??荚嚾绻忌谄綍r(shí)能熟練運(yùn)用這樣的一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)展開(kāi)作文,那么考場(chǎng)上就會(huì)憑借這份思維定勢(shì)來(lái)幫助自己抓住每一分。中間三個(gè)段落都可以套用這種模式。

  Transitional words主要有以下三種,即表順序:firstly, secondly, finally (last but not least);表并列:besides,in addition;表對(duì)比:in contrast, in comparison。這些銜接詞會(huì)讓文章看起來(lái)脈絡(luò)清晰,組織嚴(yán)密,也就做到了評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的“well-organized”一條。

  topic sentence(主題句),顧名思義,向考官展示的是考生作文的主要意旨所以它在中間段落中的作用是至關(guān)重要的。通常主題句應(yīng)該注意一下幾點(diǎn):

  1.主題句必須是陳述句。有的考生想在寫(xiě)作中創(chuàng)新,于是采用反問(wèn)句或者其他看似多樣化的題目,然而這種多樣性帶來(lái)的后果是給考官觀點(diǎn)不明確的印象,很自然地會(huì)影響到分?jǐn)?shù)。

  2.必須表明觀點(diǎn)。如果考生把一句無(wú)關(guān)痛癢的話放在主題句的位置上,很顯然無(wú)法表明自身觀點(diǎn)。比如像“今天是晴天”這樣的話沒(méi)有表明觀點(diǎn);然而 “今天是個(gè)好天氣”就包含一種感情色彩在里面,給人一種立場(chǎng)明確的感覺(jué)??忌鷳?yīng)該切記:沒(méi)有反駁余地的就不可以作為主題句。

  3.態(tài)度必須堅(jiān)決。但是不能極端。

  4.每段必須有主題句,理論上講沒(méi)有主題句是可以的,但是考場(chǎng)上不可以,沒(méi)有主題就會(huì)浪費(fèi)考官的時(shí)間去幫你總結(jié)主題,難以得到高分。

  development (中間段落的展開(kāi))則需要大家學(xué)習(xí)積累一些常用的段落展開(kāi)方法,比如舉例法、比較法、因果法等。

  尾段:明確尾段任務(wù)

  在尾段寫(xiě)作時(shí)要注意結(jié)尾段要強(qiáng)化閱卷人對(duì)文章的整體印象?!缎峦懈?荚嚬俜街改稀分赋鼋Y(jié)尾段的任務(wù)主要有:討論作者自己看法的重要性,重申作者指出的觀點(diǎn);以不同的措辭復(fù)述文章的主題;總結(jié)文章的主要論點(diǎn)。因此在結(jié)尾段我們可以采取以下思路來(lái)編寫(xiě):復(fù)述文章的主旨;總結(jié)各段的論點(diǎn);提建議、做預(yù)測(cè)等。但要注意:托福寫(xiě)作在開(kāi)頭段已經(jīng)把觀點(diǎn)闡釋清楚,結(jié)尾段從信息上講就成為了最不重要的段落,甚至存在沒(méi)有結(jié)尾段的滿分文章—言外之意是如果時(shí)間不夠了,應(yīng)該盡可能將中間段寫(xiě)完整,而不是追求結(jié)尾段的完整性。

  托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作三選一題型應(yīng)對(duì)技巧

  很多同學(xué)不知道三選一的文章結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該如何處理。這里其實(shí)三選一并不復(fù)雜,只需要熟記兩個(gè)注意點(diǎn)就可以輕松應(yīng)付:一是三者都要提及;二是并沒(méi)有唯一的正確結(jié)構(gòu),結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該根據(jù)題目靈活的選擇。我們來(lái)看一道例題。

  Essay Topic

  Which one isthe most important for teacher of high school?

  1. The ability to help students plan for their future;

  2. The ability to find the students who need help most and help them;

  3. Teach students how to learn outside the classroom.

  就這道題來(lái)講,題型基本結(jié)構(gòu)的選擇有兩種:三項(xiàng)能力都重要,但是第一項(xiàng)最重要;或者,第一項(xiàng)是重要的,而第二項(xiàng)和第三項(xiàng)是不重要的。其他的文章結(jié)構(gòu)都是這兩種的變體。我們拿第二種結(jié)構(gòu)舉例:

  總論點(diǎn):規(guī)劃未來(lái)能力最重要(vs. 發(fā)現(xiàn)需要幫助的同學(xué) &教會(huì)自學(xué))

  主體段1:學(xué)生最需要規(guī)劃,而只有老師有能力提供

  主體段2:發(fā)現(xiàn)需要幫助的能力不重要,因?yàn)閷W(xué)生自己會(huì)來(lái)找

  主體段3:課外自學(xué)不重要,高中生沒(méi)有課外時(shí)間

  The ability to help student with planning their future is definitely the most important capability for high school teachers.

  To begin with, high school students are in desperate need for guidance about their future, and teachers are the only competent candidate to provide it. I know this from my personal experience. When I was in high school, a great portion of my classmates’ only goal is to reach for the minimum requirement for graduation, and to be able to get an offer from a middle-ranged college in the US, as all 15-year-old boys are profoundly addicted to either computer games or love affairs. Because of our immature mind, we had no idea regarding the choice of universities, or the selection of a future career path. What made matters worse is that our high school teachers provided us with virtually zero guidance concerning our college applications, not because they lack of the intention, but simply because they know nothing about it. Consequently, the vast majority of our parents had to hire an outside agency that specializes in the college application process which costs tons of money. Later we realized that this is an utter mistake, for what they did was simply giving us the timeline of the application process, translating our personal statements and recommendation letters from Chinese into English, and finally mailing out all our materials to the US. All of these simple tasks could be performed by ourselves, and these misfortunes surely could have been avoided if we had the luck to meet more competent teachers, with the ability to warn students and their parents about the black-hearted agencies and lay out lucid plans for students’ future.

  The capability to find the students who need assistance most and help them, on the other hand, is not that imperative. The reason for this is quite simple, since high school students would come to teachers voluntarily if they are in serious trouble. In other words, many times students don’t want to be bothered by a teacher who treats them like a baby-sitter. As for the “help” part, I firmly hold the faith that all teachers are already equipped with the willingness to solve student’s problem gladly, using their prehistoric powers, no matter how difficult the situation can be. So the willingness to help students should be the minimum standard to be qualified as a teacher.

  Similarly, the skill to teach students how to learn outside the classroom is completely unnecessary. For one, most high school students have no time outside their classrooms at all, as all their spare time is already occupied by cram school or by extracurricular activities. Even in the rare circumstance that some students may have free time, parents could always play the part of their instructor on how to self-study.

  托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作的構(gòu)思技巧

  1.熟悉可能涉及的話題

  托福寫(xiě)作的topics從寫(xiě)作模式上分可分為:

  解釋現(xiàn)象類(lèi):(如解釋一下為什么現(xiàn)代人的壽命比以前的長(zhǎng))

  對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)類(lèi):

  給出兩個(gè)對(duì)立的事物或者一個(gè)事物對(duì)立的兩個(gè)方面,要求考生支持一方并進(jìn)行說(shuō)明。或給出兩個(gè)對(duì)立事物或一個(gè)事物對(duì)立的兩個(gè)方面,要求考生說(shuō)明二者為什么不同或比較它們的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),并給出理由(Some people like different friends. Other likes similar friends. Compare the advantages of these two kinds of friends. Which kind of friend do you prefer? Explain why.)

  從內(nèi)容上可分為:

  學(xué)習(xí)類(lèi):(如自學(xué)還是跟老師學(xué),學(xué)廣還是學(xué)精)

  工作類(lèi):(如在大公司還是小公司)

  生活類(lèi):(如食品烹飪便捷是否提高生活質(zhì)量,如喜歡在家里吃飯還是在餐廳吃飯)

  電視電影類(lèi):(如電視電影疏遠(yuǎn)了家人的情感,你是否同意)

  消費(fèi)類(lèi):(如花在娛樂(lè)上,還是事業(yè)上)

  環(huán)境類(lèi):(如政府投入環(huán)保的力度是否應(yīng)該大于投入經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的力度)

  古老建筑類(lèi):(如是否應(yīng)該保留老建筑)

  成功類(lèi):(如成功的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是金錢(qián)和榮耀,你的看法如何)

  性格類(lèi):(如聰明的朋友比幽默的朋友重要,你是否同意)

  2.形成自己的答案資源庫(kù)

  熟悉了寫(xiě)作題目之后,就要準(zhǔn)備自己的答案資源庫(kù)了。

  自己的資源庫(kù)要包括:同一類(lèi)題目的通用觀點(diǎn),有針對(duì)性的例證(不一定都要背名人典故,可以從自身取材,自給自足)。這些內(nèi)容都是要自己去深思,需要有人點(diǎn)撥,才能形成一個(gè)清晰的構(gòu)架和寫(xiě)作流程的。羊毛出在羊身上,來(lái)源于彼,還原于彼。

  3.線性思維,總——分——總

  在新托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作中,用這總分總種思維最容易獲得高分,所以你要在平時(shí)的練習(xí)中一定要注意寫(xiě)作的結(jié)構(gòu)。托福作文應(yīng)該寫(xiě)成三個(gè)層次,也就是我們確立了中心思想后應(yīng)該找到三條理由來(lái)支持。

  托福作文五段論:第一段為中心思想段;二、三、四段為支持段落;最后一段為總結(jié)段落。其實(shí)這個(gè)東西并不是絕對(duì)的,有自己的思想內(nèi)容來(lái)決定,因此八股文的形式還是要隱晦些。

  4.模仿幾個(gè)拽句子

  拽句子不用很多,點(diǎn)綴其中,添彩即可。模仿的句子來(lái)源,可以是閱讀中的復(fù)雜句式,先分析長(zhǎng)句子的語(yǔ)義功能:它在文章中起了什么作用,是總結(jié),是過(guò)渡,是舉例,還是因果?那么我在用到總結(jié)的語(yǔ)句時(shí),是不是能偷天換日地用上這樣的句式?用上幾次之后,這些句子就會(huì)變得簡(jiǎn)單熟悉了。


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