掌握即興演講內(nèi)容應(yīng)遵循的原則

掌握即興演講內(nèi)容應(yīng)遵循的原則

　　即興演講(impromptu speech)，顧名思義，就是指臨場(chǎng)的、毫無(wú)準(zhǔn)備的演講。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編整理了怎樣做好即興演講，歡迎閱讀。

　　在前面所提到的兩大比賽中，即興演講所占時(shí)間為1~3分鐘，分值所占比重為30%~40%，在比賽中的地位十分重要。如果參賽選手想要取得優(yōu)秀的成績(jī)，那么就一定要在該部分取得高分。

　　即興演講對(duì)于使用母語(yǔ)演講的人來(lái)說都非常困難，更何況是使用非母語(yǔ)演講的選手?這部分非常具有挑戰(zhàn)性，主要考察選手多方面能力：思維能力、邏輯能力和語(yǔ)言能力。思維能力是指選手在毫無(wú)準(zhǔn)備的情況下對(duì)某一問題的分析能力，對(duì)問題理解的深度和寬度等;邏輯能力主要指選手是否有全局觀，是否能合理搭筑整個(gè)演講的框架，所闡述觀點(diǎn)的層次性是否清晰;而語(yǔ)言能力則是指選手即席用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行交流溝通的能力，可檢驗(yàn)選手的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言熟練度和準(zhǔn)確度如何。那么如何應(yīng)對(duì)即興演講呢?

　　在定題演講部分，我們討論了衡量一篇演講好壞的普遍原則。這些原則對(duì)所有類型的演講都適用，即興演講也不例外。在做即興演講時(shí)，也要從以下四個(gè)方面著手：內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)、語(yǔ)言以及臺(tái)上演講風(fēng)格等。

　　內(nèi)容

　　在討論即興演講的內(nèi)容之前，先了解幾個(gè)在近幾年大賽即興演講中出現(xiàn)的題目。

　　is marking western holidays a sign of a modern china or of traditions sacrificed to commercial interests?

　　do you think university education should be more open-minded?

　　are we becoming too susceptible to advertising?

　　which qualities do you look for in a boyfriend?

　　if you were one representative of people's congress, what advice would you give the government?

　　題目還有很多，這里就不一一列舉了。通過這幾個(gè)題目，大致可以看出即興演講的題目涉及方方面面，從經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、教育、文化、人生到國(guó)際問題，包羅萬(wàn)象。這也是即興演講具有極強(qiáng)挑戰(zhàn)性的原因之一。 題目的范圍之大之廣對(duì)參賽選手提出了很高的要求。要求演講者平時(shí)養(yǎng)成讀書看報(bào)的習(xí)慣，關(guān)注周圍發(fā)生的焦點(diǎn)問題和國(guó)際時(shí)事，積累各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的素材，以便談?wù)撈鹉骋粋€(gè)話題時(shí)言之有物，有的放矢;要求演講者平時(shí)養(yǎng)成思考的習(xí)慣，多聽不同的聲音，從不同角度看問題，看問題有想法、有深度。這些都是賽前的準(zhǔn)備工作，應(yīng)多積累、豐富自己的知識(shí)內(nèi)容，強(qiáng)化自己的觀點(diǎn)。

　　那么在比賽當(dāng)中，又該怎樣具體應(yīng)對(duì)呢?

　　正如前面所講的，好的內(nèi)容包括好的主題以及有說服力的材料做支持。在即興演講中，更要注意這兩點(diǎn)。

　　1.強(qiáng)有力的材料做支持

　　正如前面討論過的那樣，論據(jù)的類型最基本可分為三種：實(shí)例、統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字以及引用別人的言語(yǔ)。對(duì)于即興演講來(lái)說，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)能夠找到恰當(dāng)?shù)慕y(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字是非常困難的。因此在即興演講時(shí)，引用別人的言語(yǔ)和用實(shí)例來(lái)證明是最常見的兩種方式。那么應(yīng)該選擇哪種類型的例子來(lái)做論據(jù)呢?在比賽現(xiàn)場(chǎng)上進(jìn)行即興演講時(shí)，最切實(shí)可行的、最容易做到的就是用自己或自己周圍發(fā)生的例子來(lái)說明你的觀點(diǎn)，信手拈來(lái)，不用絞盡腦汁，演講起來(lái)最自如，最自信;這樣做無(wú)形之中也強(qiáng)化了自己的可信度，比較容易打動(dòng)聽眾。如在“21世紀(jì)(愛立信杯”XX年第8屆全國(guó)英語(yǔ)演講比賽中獲得第二名的南京大學(xué)學(xué)生王媛在即興演講中是這樣說的，

　　"if indeed i had a chance to choose for my life again, i think the time setting i would choose is in the late 1970s and the early 1980s. that was when the chinese government began to adopt the policy of reform and openness. and the place setting i would choose is in some places in the western part of china. why? let me share with you my reasons.

　　well, when i firstly saw this, errr, heard this topic, i think it reminded me of an experience a few years ago. i still clearly remember that, uhh, at that time, some fellow students and i went to visit a primary school in a very poor village and we were working as tutors there. there, all the classrooms were in a very old building and many windows and doors were broken, so, when it was raining, all the children had to move to a corner in order not to get wet. inside the classroom, five to six children were sharing one desk normally shared by two and many of the desks and chairs were broken, too.

　　and immediately after we began to teach them english, it became very clear to us that many of these students were very diligent and were very willing to work hard. but later on, as we talked among ourselves, we got to know that they, many of them, could not finish their schooling just because of poverty. i think that this experience enabled us to see that we belong to a few group of, a group of few people that are fortunately enough to receive a college education."

　　這段演講是她真情實(shí)感的流露，表達(dá)起來(lái)自如，而且自信，也容易和聽眾進(jìn)行真正的交流。