奧巴馬英語演講的技巧
演講是修辭的最旱來源,兩者關(guān)系密切.修辭手法是修辭學(xué)研究的重要內(nèi)容,也是演講中常用的語言技巧.排比是英語演講中是最常見的修辭手法.本文以美國總統(tǒng)當(dāng)選人奧巴馬的荻勝演講為例,分析了排比在其中的運(yùn)用及其修辭作用,以期對(duì)修辭教學(xué)和英語演講有一定的借鑒作用。下面是小編為大家收集關(guān)于奧巴馬英語演講的技巧,歡迎借鑒參考。
或許你會(huì)認(rèn)為,奧巴馬之所以能當(dāng)選美國總統(tǒng),全都要?dú)w功于他杰出的演講才能。追溯到 2004年,當(dāng)時(shí)民主黨的總統(tǒng)候選人還是馬薩諸塞州參議員John Kerry,在一次民主黨全國代表大會(huì)上,一位名不見經(jīng)傳的伊利諾斯州參議員發(fā)表了主題演講。那個(gè)參議員便是奧巴馬。那是一場(chǎng)十分精彩的演講--詩一般的語言充滿了振奮人心的力量,令人過耳難忘。
從2004年開始,奧巴馬至今已創(chuàng)作發(fā)表了上萬場(chǎng)演說。這些演講屢獲贊揚(yáng)的原因大致可歸結(jié)為兩點(diǎn):一,將觀眾視為有智慧的成年人來對(duì)待;二,以直率自然的方式來表達(dá)復(fù)雜難懂的理念。
在當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)前,奧巴馬曾做過律師、大學(xué)教授。他還是一位成功的作家,出版的兩部回憶錄都非常暢銷。正是這些早年在工作中鍛煉出的技能,讓他得以成為一名成功的演說家。
身為律師,奧巴馬懂得如何在辯論中給出令人信服的有力論據(jù)。而身為教授,他明白如何將復(fù)雜的事物以學(xué)生清晰易懂的方式解釋清楚。同時(shí)身為作家,他更精通如何用語言打動(dòng)觀眾。著名流行樂團(tuán)黑眼豆豆的靈魂人物will.i.am,甚至將奧巴馬早期競(jìng)選的一篇演講編成了歌曲。
奧巴馬在各種大大小小的場(chǎng)合都發(fā)表過演說。他既能使人捧腹,也可以催人淚下。無論在什么場(chǎng)合,他的演講總是那么得體,思想與文筆交相輝映。下面我們通過個(gè)案對(duì)奧巴馬的演講進(jìn)行分析:
奧巴馬獲勝演講個(gè)案分析
(一)背景介紹
奧巴馬于2008年11月4日當(dāng)選為美國總統(tǒng)。并于當(dāng)晚發(fā)表了獲勝演講.這次演講富有很強(qiáng)的號(hào)召力和感染力,喚起了民眾戰(zhàn)勝金融危機(jī)的信心和勇氣?,F(xiàn)場(chǎng)的無數(shù)觀眾被感動(dòng)得熱淚盈眶.據(jù)CNN報(bào)道。,有語言學(xué)家稱,“總統(tǒng)當(dāng)選人巴拉克·奧巴馬當(dāng)晚發(fā)表的獲勝演說可與很多史上著名演講相比.”奧巴馬稱得上是一位杰出的演說家,在多次演講中,他都嫻熟地運(yùn)用了各種修辭技巧。我們可以說,“輿巴馬的勝利是修辭學(xué)的勝利”(梁文道,2008).
(二)排比在奧巴馬獲勝演講中的運(yùn)用
奧巴馬在他的獲勝演講中熟練地運(yùn)用了一系列的修辭方法,如捧比,對(duì)比,反復(fù),對(duì)仗,引用等,其中捧比的使用次數(shù)最多.下面我們就以捧比結(jié)構(gòu)在奧巴馬獲勝演講(Barak Obam's Victory Speech)。中的位置。選取了四個(gè)代表性的例子,來討論其修辭效果。
(1)從句開頭的排比
If there is anyone out there whostill doubts that America is a place whenall things are possible,who still wonders if the dream ofour founders is alive in our time,who still questions the power ofout democracy,tonight is your answer.
這三個(gè)排比組合句是臭巴馬獲勝演講的開場(chǎng)白。奧巴馬用自己勝選的事實(shí)回答了某些人對(duì)“美國是否凡事都有可能,美國奠基者的夢(mèng)想是否依然鮮活,美國民主制度的力量”的質(zhì) 疑.通過這三個(gè)摔比旬,奧巴馬言簡(jiǎn)意賅地表達(dá)了他獲勝的意義:顯示出“美國夢(mèng)”的獨(dú)特性和普遍價(jià)值,肯定他的獲勝是對(duì)美國政治文化傳統(tǒng)的繼承而不是背離.
(2)排比結(jié)構(gòu)用在段首
It’s the answer told by lines that stretched around schools and churches in numbers this nation has never seen by people who waited three hours and four hours,Many for the first time in their lives,Because they believed that this time must be different,And their voice could be that difference.
It’s the answer spoken by young and old,rich and poor,democrat and republican,black, white,, Hispanic Asian native American ,gay ,straight,disabled and not disabled,American who sent a message to the world that we have never been just a collection of individuals or a collection of red states and blue states, we are , and always will be the united states of American.
It's the answer that led those who've been told for so long by so many to be cynical and fearful and doubtful about what we can achieve to put their hands on the arc of history and bend it once more toward the hope of a better day.
首先,在前兩個(gè)位于段首的排比句群中,奧巴馬強(qiáng)調(diào)他是“設(shè)在學(xué)校和教堂的投票站前排起的前所未見的長隊(duì)”.是“等了三四個(gè)小時(shí)的選民”,是。所有美國人民”共同選舉出來的總統(tǒng).他重申了自己當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)是合法的,是由美國人民通過民主方式選舉出來的.第三個(gè)拌比句群在意義上是對(duì)前兩個(gè)排比句群的總結(jié)和升華.奧巴馬呼吁美國人民要對(duì)美國的未來有信心,同時(shí)暗示作為新一任的總統(tǒng),他會(huì)繼承美國的歷史傳統(tǒng),讓“美國夢(mèng)”延續(xù).這三個(gè)排比句群的使用,增強(qiáng)了演講的氣勢(shì),有力地回?fù)袅四切?duì)奧巴馬獲勝原因存在質(zhì)疑的人,同時(shí)向聽眾作出了有力的保證,調(diào)動(dòng)了聽眾的積極性,激發(fā)了聽眾的自信心.
(3)介詞短語的排比
To those who would tear the world down ,we will defeat you;To those who seek peace and security ,we support you;And to all those who have wondered if America‘s beacon still burns as bright ,tonight we proved once more that the true strength of our nation comes not from the might of our arms or the scale of our wealth,but from the enduring power of our ideals ,democracy ,liberty , and unyielding hope.
介詞短語To those的反復(fù)出現(xiàn),明確了要擊敗和支持的對(duì)象,語氣強(qiáng)烈,一針見血.這既是對(duì)-敲警鐘,又給予了愛好和平的人們奮斗的力量。同時(shí),向那些懷疑美國能 否繼續(xù)照亮世界發(fā)展前景的人們證明。美國真正的力量來自于這個(gè)國家的理想:民主、自由、機(jī)會(huì)和不屈的希望.排比結(jié)構(gòu)的出現(xiàn)突出了強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容,語言氣勢(shì)逼人,具有強(qiáng)大的震撼力。
(4)段尾的排比
And tonight ,I think about all that she’s seen throughout her century in American,the heartache and hope ,the struggle and the progress,the times we were told that we can’t and the people who pressed on with that American creed ,yes we can,at a time when women’s voice were silenced and their hopes dismissed ,she lived to see the stand up and speak out and reach forthe ballot , yes ,we can.
When there was despair in the dust bowl and depression across the land,she saw a nation conquer fear itself with a new deal ,new jobs ,a new sense of common purpose ,yes we can, when the bombs fell on our harbor and tyranny threatened the world ,she was there to witness a generation rise to greatness and a democracy was saved,yes we can.
She was there for the buses in Montgomery,the hoses in Birmingham ,a bridge in Selma , and a preacher from Atlanta who told a people that“we shall overcome”,yes ,we can.
A man touched down on the moon ,a wall came down in berlin ,a world was connected by our own science and imaginationAnd this year ,in this election,she touched her finger to a screen ,and cast her vote ,because after106years in American,through the best of times and darkest of hours ,she knows how America can change,yes ,we can.
在這里奧巴馬以一個(gè)106歲的老婦人參加投票為例,運(yùn)用了一系列的捧比來烘托現(xiàn)場(chǎng)氣氛,具有很強(qiáng)的說服力和感染力。連續(xù)4個(gè)“她看到了?8943 .”(she’S seen,she lived to see,she saw,she WaS there to witness)和6個(gè)“是的,我們能”(Yes We can),強(qiáng)調(diào)美國能達(dá)成正義和平等,能獲得機(jī)遇和繁榮能治愈這個(gè)國家,能補(bǔ)救這個(gè)世界,強(qiáng)調(diào)美國能發(fā)生變革I這種以具體的人物、事例和具體的生活場(chǎng)景為主體構(gòu)成的捧比語段,真正達(dá)到了提高語言表現(xiàn)力的目。這幾段出現(xiàn)在演講末尾的捧比具有捧山倒海的氣勢(shì),具有強(qiáng)大的煽動(dòng)性,把整個(gè)演講再次推向了高潮。在整個(gè)獲勝演講當(dāng)中,通過捧比,奧巴馬將有魅力的句子集中,演講節(jié)奏分明,氣氛被推向一陣陣的高潮,演講大為增色。這些捧比的運(yùn)用,創(chuàng)造了演講中的個(gè)個(gè)亮點(diǎn),氣勢(shì)磅礴,使聽眾的情感受到一次次的震蕩。
三、結(jié)語
演講的目的在于說服聽眾,贏得聽眾的贊同和支持。排比具有均衡的語言結(jié)構(gòu),能增強(qiáng)語言的氣勢(shì)美和節(jié)奏感,突出強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容,因而在英語演講中。常被演講者用來吸引聽眾,激發(fā)聽眾的情緒,使演講的主題得到升華。奧巴馬這篇獲勝演講中排比修辭手法的運(yùn)用.成功的達(dá)到了說服聽眾的目的。
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