北京市高考英語(yǔ)真題及答案
勤思則得，善問(wèn)則裕，廣泛交流，深入切磋。祝高考成功!下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為大家推薦的北京市高考英語(yǔ)真題，僅供大家參考!
北京市高考英語(yǔ)真題
I. Listening Comprehension (25%)
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1.A. Sorry. B. Annoyed.
C. Excited. D. Puzzled.
2.A. An accountant. B. A surgeon.
C. An artist. D. A scientist.
3.A. 2000 yuan. B.3200 yuan.
C.1200 yuan. D.3600 yuan.
4.A. On a plane. B. In a physical medical room.
C. In a boat. D. In a school rest room.
5.A. A job. B. An article.
C. A book. D. An author.
6.A. Twins. B. Classmates.
C. Friends. D. Cousins.
7.A. Give his ankle a good rest. B. Treat his injury immediately.
C. Continue his regular exercises. D. Be careful when climbing steps.
8.A. Go on a diving tour in Europe. B. Add 300 dollars to his budget.
C. Travel overseas on his own. D. Join a package tour to Mexico.
9.A. In case some problems should occur. B. In case they should be late.
C. To avoid more work later on. D. To make better preparations.
10.A. The rock band needs more hours of practice.
B. The rock band is going to play here for a month.
C. Their hard work has resulted in a big success.
D. He appreciates the woman’s help with the band.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question，read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11.A. Its strong education system. B. Its population.
C. Its growing tourism industry. D. Its bilingual signs.
12.A. All citizens receive quality English teaching.
B. More money should be spent on teacher training.
C. An English-speaking environment should be built.
D. Tourism industry should be promoted.
13.A. The foreign investment will increase.
B. It will bring the economic and social benefits.
C. The education system will be strengthened.
D. It will improve Singapore’s ranking in English level.
13.A. He shopped for groceries.
B. He took care of his sick parent.
C. He cared for his younger brother.
D. He made important family decisions.
15.A. It may help children grow up quickly.
B. It may force children to sacrifice their childhoods.
C. It will turn children’s responsibility into a delight.
D. It will make children more isolated and confused.
16.A. Children getting satisfaction from helping others.
B. Children taking on adult responsibility.
C. Frustration and stress caused to children by parents.
D. The environment for children’s better growth.
Section C
Directions: In Section C，you will hear a conversation. The conversation will be read twice. After you hear a conversation and the questions about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17.A. Tour guide. B. Editor.
C. Journalist. D. Typist.
18.A. Some newly discovered scenic spot.
B. Big changes in the Amazon valley.
C. A new railway under construction.
D. The beautiful Amazon rain forests.
19.A. In news weeklies.
B. In newspapers’ Sunday editions.
C. In a local evening paper.
D. In overseas edition of U.S. magazines.
20.A. To become a professional writer.
B. To get her life story published soon.
C. To be employed by a newspaper.
D. To sell her articles to a news service.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20%)
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
I can still remember the afternoon when we climbed the mountain as if it were yesterday.
It was a sunny day. Eager to spend some time outside, I went up the mountain with my uncle. The mountain was hard (21) ________(climb) and had tough rocks and streams on it. In the end, (22) ________ (exhaust) and hot, I couldn’t go any further. So we went back down the mountain in the end.
On the way back down, my uncle asked me a question, (23) _____ left me speechless for a second: “What’s your dream, young lady?”
“I have no idea,” I answered (24) _____thinking it for a while. Then he smiled and told me about his story. He didn’t perform well at school when he was a student. Although nobody thought he could succeed, he knew clearly (25) ______his dream was-----to be a businessman. “I knew I wasn’t gifted when it came to studying, so I tried to buy snacks from a market and sell them after class,” he told me. After he left school, he started selling different items to find out which one was most attractive to customers. Of course, he often had no money in his pocket, but (26) ______ tough life was, he never gave up.
“There is no doubt that a person who puts in a great deal of effort to reach his or her goal will have good luck at some point. The meaning of life is to chase your dream,” he said gently.
That night I (27) ______ hardly fall asleep. I lay in bed tossing and turning, asking myself, “What’s my motivation?”
I once wanted to be a top student, but the hard work needed meant (28) _____ (put) everything into following my passion. If I find myself lacking willpower, what should I do? Leaving home early the next morning, I climbed the mountain again by (29) _____. It made me think: If we don’t experience the climb, how can we get to see the scenery on the top of the mountain? In the end, I reached the top and (30) ______ (fascinate) by the warm breeze and sunshine. Nothing could be more pleasant than that.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be use only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. quickly B. analyze C. programmed D. adoption E. boredom F. unaccompanied G. dramaticH. transform I. distracted J. peacefully K. prospect
Imagine an urban neighborhood where most of the cars are self-driving. What would it be like to be a pedestrian?
Actually, pretty good. In fact, pedestrians might end up with the run of the place.
In a new study published in the Journal of Planning Education and Research, Millard-Ball looks at the __31__ of urban areas where a majority of vehicles are “autonomous” or self-driving. It’s a phenomenon that’s not as far off as one might think.
“Autonomous vehicles have the potential to __32__ travel behavior,” Millard-Ball says. He uses game theory to __33__ the interactions between pedestrians and self-driving vehicles, with a focus on yielding at crosswalks.
Because autonomous vehicles are by design risk-averse, Millard-Ball's model suggests that pedestrians will be able to act with impunity, and he thinks autonomous vehicles may facilitate a shift towards pedestrian-oriented urban neighborhoods. However, Millard-Ball also finds that the __34__ of autonomous vehicles may be hampered by their strategic disadvantage that slows them down in urban traffic.
“Pedestrians routinely play the game of chicken,” Millard-Ball writes. Crossing the street, even at a marked crosswalk without a traffic signal, requires a probability calculation: what are the odds of survival?
The benefit of crossing the street __35__, instead of waiting for a gap in traffic, is traded off against the probability of injury or even death. Pedestrians know that drivers are not interested in running them down -- usually. But there is the chance a driver may be __36__, or drunk.
Self-driving cars are __37__ to obey the rules of the road, including waiting for pedestrians to cross. They could provide the most __38__ transformation in urban transportation systems. Parking, street design, and transportation service networks are likely to be revolutionized. In his latest study, Millard-Ball suggests that the potential benefits of self-driving cars -- avoiding __39__ of traffic and traffic accidents -- may be outweighed by the drawbacks of an always play-it-safe vehicle that slows traffic for everybody.
“From the point of view of a passenger in an automated car, it would be like driving down a street filled with __40__ five-year-old children,” Millard-Ball writes.
Alternatively, planners could seize the opportunity to create more pedestrian-oriented streets. Autonomous vehicles could start a new era of pedestrian domination.
III. Reading Comprehension (45%)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Everybody loves to hate invasive species. The international list of invasive species—defined as those that were introduced by humans to new places, and then __41__ — runs to over 4,000. In Australia and New Zealand hot war is fought against introduced creatures like cane toads (蔗蟾蜍) and rats.
Some things that are uncontroversial (無(wú)爭(zhēng)議的) are nonetheless foolish. With a few important exceptions, campaigns to __42__ invasive species are merely a waste of money and effort — for reasons that are partly practical and partly philosophical.
Start with the practical arguments. Most invasive species are neither terribly successful nor very__43__. Britons think themselves surrounded by foreign plants. __44__, Britain’s invasive plants are not widespread, not spreading especially quickly, and often less of a(n) __45__ than vigorous native plants. The arrival of new species almost always __46__ biological diversity (多樣性) in a region; in many cases, a flood of newcomers drives no native species to extinction. One reason is that invaders tend to colonise __47__ habitats like polluted lakes and post-industrial wasteland, where little else lives. They are nature’s opportunists.
The philosophical reason for starting war on the invaders is also __48__. Elimination campaigns tend to be __49__ by the belief that it is possible to restore balance to nature — to return woods and lakes to the state before human __50__. That is misguided. Nature is an everlasting mess, with species constantly emerging, withdrawing and hybridizing (雜交). Humans have only quickened these processes. Going back to ancient habitats is becoming __51__ in any case, because of man-made climate change. Taking on the invaders is a(n) __52__ gesture, not a means to an achievable end.
A reasonable attitude to invaders need not imply passivity. A few foreign species are truly __53__ and should be fought: the Nile perch – a fish, has helped drive many species of fish to extinction in Lake Victoria. It makes sense to __54__ pathogens (病菌), especially those that destroy whole native tree species, and to stop known agricultural pests from gaining a foothold. Fencing off wildlife reserves to create open-air ecological museums is fine, too. And it is a good idea for European gardeners to destroy Japanese plants, just as they give no apace to native harmful grasses like bindweed and ground elder. You can garden in a garden. You cannot garden __55__. That is universally accepted.
41. A. multiplied B. shrunk C. disappearedD. harvested
42. A. conserveB. eliminate C. investigateD. prioritize
43. A. healthy B. intentional C. harmful D. profitable
44. A. As a resultB. For example C. By contrastD. In fact
45. A. attractionB. dominance C. annoyanceD. substitute
46. A. increasesB. destroys C. reveals D. targets
47. A. oppressedB. disturbed C. cultivatedD. preserved
48. A. acceptable B. needless C. mistaken D. convincing
49. A. fuel(l)edB. organized C. interruptedD. greeted
50. A. civilizationB. interference C. interactionD. maintenance
51. A. tolerableB. impossible C. beneficial D. critical
52. A. reluctantB. disorderly C. invalid D. unbalanced
53. A. damagingB. flexible C. doubtfulD. outstanding
54. A. pick upB. take in C. keep outD. turn down
55. A. agricultureB. vegetation C. atmosphereD. nature
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.
(A)
Jeremy Baras remembers the first time he ever saw a pop-up a restaurant. The 26-year-old entrepreneur (企業(yè)家)was on vacation in England four years ago and had to look up at the London Eye Ferries wheel to see it. Hanging above him was a capsule full of diners who were served a new course each time a revolution was made. “I thought that was the coolest thing ever”, he says. Baras, who founded PopUpRepublic.com in 2012 to promote the idea of pop-up restaurants in USA, has been studying them ever since.
Pop-ups, which have been around since at least the early 2000s, are open anywhere from a few hours to several months, but their defining feature is that they are temporary. They may be only a tiny part of the 9 billion U.S. restaurant industry, but popups have gotten a boost in recent years as a lower-cost, lower- risk way for entrepreneurs to test the waters. Some restaurant owners see them as a way to renew interest in existing locations. And some struggling cities, like Oakland, Calif., have turned to them to help revitalize local economies impacted by the recession(衰退).
The concept has been especially popular with up-and-coming chefs who want to test-drive as a menu concept without investing a fortune in a permanent space. “Your cooks and chefs are really talented, but they’re stuck in the back of somebody else’s kitchen cooking somebody else’s menu,” says Zach Kupperman, chief businessman officer and co-founder of Dinner Lab.
Chefs in Dinner Lab cook in the middle of space, give a brief introduction about the menu and themselves — and then bravely listen to diner feedback afterward. Pop-ups’ temporary nature also allows restaurateurs to charge a deposit to make sure the diners will show up.
Of course, trends in the food industry come and go quickly, and there is no guarantee that diners won’t tire of the concept. Some entrepreneurs have resorted to even a weirder locations — in a former limestone mine, say, or at the top of a crane — to keep customers interested. Says Baras, “It's not quite part of the mainstream economy yet.”
56. What does the underlined part “a revolution was made” in Paragraph One possibly mean?
A. Chefs designed creative dishes.
B. Diners tasted food in an innovative way.
C. The capsule containing diners made a circle.
D. Great changes were made in the food industry.
57. Which of the following might NOT be the reasons for pop-up restaurants’ fast development?
A. Being temporary features pop-up restaurants.
B. Pop-up restaurant can restore local economy to prosperity.
C. Business owners venture into the business with fewer risks and investments.
D. Restaurant owners can make diners interested in the original restaurants again.
58. Perspective chefs are drawn to pop-ups due to the fact that__________________.
A. pop-ups are becoming increasingly popular with diners worldwide
B. they have the desire to explore a safer way to make a living
C. their investment in pop-ups will bring them a fortune on a permanent basis
D. pop-ups provide a flexible test field for talented chefs’ originality
59. The writer’s propose of writing the passenger is to___________________.
A. appeal to people to dine out in pop-up restaurants
B. give a brief introduction of pop-up restaurants
C. warn business owners of the appearance of pop-up restaurants
D. foresee the future of pop-up restaurants’ development
(B)
In four countries with fast-developing economies (BRIC) – Brazil, Russia, India, and China – the agricultural sector has become a proving ground for innovation. Juergen Voegele, a World Bank agriculture expert, predicts that “by transforming agriculture, we will not only meet the challenge of feeding nine billion people by 2050 but do so in ways that create wealth and reduce its environmental footprint.”
BRAZIL
Soybeans on the Rise
Preserving the Amazon rain forest is a top priority for Brazil.
The rapid expansion of soybean and cattle farming there during the 1990s and early 2000s led to alarming rates of deforestation. Over the past ten years, however, with government support, activists and famers have protected more than 33,000 square miles of rain forest – an area equal to more than 14 million soccer fields. Saving these forests has kept 3.5 billion tons of carbon dioxide out of atmosphere.
Yet even under these land restrictions, Brazil’s soybean production has increased. The country is now the world’s second largest producer of the crop. How did this happen?
Farmers focused on efficiency. Using new machinery and early maturing seeds enabled them to squeeze an additional planting into the standard growing season. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Brazil’s 2014-15 soybean crop has hit a record 104.2 million tons, up 8.6 million tons from the year before, as farmers have made better use of their fields. This progress, says the World Bank’s Juergen Voegele, is an example of how “producing more food coexist with protecting the environment.”
60. According to Juergen Voegele, innovation in agriculture will lead to all the following except ______.
A. increased wealthB. the solution to the world’s food crisis
C. less impact on natureD. the challenging of feeding the world’s population
61. Which one is the appropriate number to fill in the blank in the chart?
A. 95.6B. 104.2C. 14D. 8.6
62. What is the most important problem Brazil is faced with?
A. Feeding nine billion people by 2050.
B. Increasing its soybean production.
C. Protecting its rain forest from deforestation.
D. Enhancing its farmers’ efficiency.
(C)
Spain’s Literary Genius
Four centuries ago, the author of one of the greatest comedic characters in the world literature took his last breath. Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616), the author of Don Quixote, is to the Spanish what Shakespeare is to the English and Dante is to Italians - a national literary icon.
Cervantes’ book is still appreciated today, hundreds of years after its publication, because it’s a wonderfully truthful comedy. Don Quixote, like human beings generally, has great difficulty distinguishing reality from imagination. Readers may laugh at his strange behavior, but when we laugh, we laugh with recognition.
The book records the adventures of Alonso Quijano, an older Spanish gentleman who loves romance novels. In truth, he reads far too many romances, and they have affected his mind. Quijano is so mixed up that he decides that he must become a knight himself. Imagine a comic book fan who decides to dress up as a superhero to fight crime, and you’ll get the picture.
Setting the scene
Alonso Quijano reinvents himself as “Don Quixote de La Mancha”, an aristocratic(貴族的)name that suits his ambition of being a knight. Next, since every knight needs a horse, he finds himself an old one named Rocinante. But Rocinante is not exactly cut out for life as a knight’s horse. He’s tired from years of farm work. He’s unlikely to be of much help in any fight against an enemy.
The heroes in the romances Quijano reads all had a lady to love. They were highborn, like the knights themselves. Quijano chooses Aldonza Lorenzo, a farmer’s daughter, to be his beloved. She becomes “Dulcinea del Toboso”, or “the sweet woman of Toboso”. How does Aldonza feel about Quijano’s attentions? She doesn’t feel much at all, actually. Aldonza is yet another byproduct of Quijano’s imagination, like so many things.
Finding a sidekick
Now comes Cervantes’ second great creation: Sancho Panza. Once servant in Quijano’s house, Panza is promoted to the role of squire(隨從), because every self-respecting knight needs a squire. Panza has a sensible head on his shoulders, and he is a foil(襯托)to his foolish master.
The pair faces many adventures, but none are as heroic as a knight’s should be. We laugh, rather than cry, as we read. Quijano tries to act on behalf of justice, but he doesn’t often succeed.
Cervantes’ novel inspired a word that sums up Quijano’s romantic nature: “quixotic”. In English we use the word to describe someone who is idealistic but foolish in pursuit of his ideals. It is a mark of Cervantes’ genius that he was able to identify this trait and personify it using such a great comedic character. We should appreciate him for it on this significant occasion.
63.On what occasion did the author write this review?
A. The 400th anniversary of the publication of Don Quixote.
B. An Italian Poet, Dante’s 800th birth anniversary.
C. An English genius, William Shakespeare’s 400th death anniversary.
D. Miguel de Cervantes’ 400th anniversary of his death.
64.Which role is Alonso Quijano most likely to identify with?
A. Miguel de Cervantes. B. Don Quixote de La Mancha.
C. Dulcinea del Toboso. D. Sancho Panza.
65.What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Don Quixote’s failure of distinguish reality from imagination amuses the readers.
B. Quijano manages to bring justice to the world by means of force.
C. Quijano is a Spanish aristocrat with great ambition.
D. Reading romance novel will make people behave in a foolish way.
66.According to the author, readers admire Cervantes and his masterpiece because .
A. Cervantes is equal to Shakespeare and Dante as a national literary icon
B. Quijano’s adventure is romantic and heroic
C. Cervantes has a genius for personifying Quijano’s quixotic nature in a truthful comedy.
D. Quijano’s vivid imagination has brought other minor characters to life
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. However, my work has its challenges.
B. Then a second bit of inspiration came my way.
C. Distressed as I was, I resolved to pursue my interest in research.
D. Besides the spiritual reward, there are other less apparent benefits.
E. So I decided to leave the academic path to find a better match.
F. Here, at last, was a way to combine my interest in science with my passion for teaching.
Ten years ago, after 2 years as a postdoc (博士后), I found myself wondering whether I should take a different road. Up to that point, I had stuck to a pretty traditional path investigating cancer genetics, but I was losing interest in the research. At the same time, federal funding had flattened, which added to my dissatisfaction. ___67___ Then came the hard part: identifying a new career that would nurture my passion for science and allow me to make an impact with my work.
As I was considering my options, I found inspiration in my first graduate school research tutor, whose work reminded me that scientists’ efforts away from the bench can be incredibly powerful. But I still didn’t know exactly what I should do. ___68___ A colleague mentioned that a professor at a nearby 2-year college was training students to produce monoclonal antibodies for labs on campus. I was impressed that the professor had taken on this type of ambitious project with relatively inexperienced students. Curious to find out more, I set up a meeting with John and was struck by his sincerity and the way he prioritized student training above grants, publications, and personal ambition. I could also see his passion for teaching, which reminded me of the dream to become a high school biology teacher.
___69___ I found a faculty position and joined John at the same quiet junior college. Now, I effectively hold two positions: classroom instructor and research co-adviser of 15 inexperienced but eager undergraduates. Both roles give me a chance to help students transform themselves, which is enormously rewarding.
___70___ It’s discouraging when others see both my students and me as less worthy because we are not at universities. We sometimes struggle to get access to federal funding, scientific conferences, and other resources and opportunities. My pay is below the standard at 4-year research institutions, even though my teaching workload is greater. But my occasional frustration is relieved by the thought of the students, who I have helped train.
Looking back at these 10 years, I realize how much my work on this campus has helped me grow, both as an academic and a tutor. I’m grateful that I stepped away from a traditional career path and found a way to serve both the student and research communities in my own way, modest though it may be.
IV. Summary Writing (10%)
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Food is life. We eat it to grow, stay healthy, and have the energy to do everyday activities. The food we consume makes all of these things possible, but not all food is created equal. Studies have shown, for example, that children who eat a nutritious breakfast do better in school than those with a poor diet. The well-fed child is able to pay attention longer, remember more, and participate more actively in class. The findings, then, are clear. Because our food choices affect our health and behavior, we must do more than just eat; we must eat well. For many people today, though, making healthy food choices is not easy.
We are surrounded by information telling us what’s good for us and what isn’t, but usually this information is more confusing than helpful. In fact, different research about the same food often produces contradictory results. In previous research on eggs, people were encouraged to limit or completely eliminate eggs from their diets to prevent dangerous diseases. Recent studies say eggs are good for you. It’s hard to know who to believe.
Shopping for food can also be challenging. During a visit to a supermarket, we often need to make many different choices. Should you buy this cereal or that one? Regular or fat-free’ milk? Tofu or chicken? It’s hard to know which to choose, especially when two items are very similar. Many shoppers read product labels to help them decide. Indeed, many food labels are often misleading.
Making healthy food choices and eating well do not have to be difficult. Doing simple things can result in a better diet and a healthier you. Urban gardening, which is becoming popular again is one such thing. On small pieces of land, neighbors are working together to grow fruit and vegetables. What are the benefits of these gardens? People have access to more fresh fruit and vegetables, especially poorer people who are less likely to spend money on these items. The food also cost less than it would in a supermarket. There are other benefits, too. Working together in the garden helps people to exercise. Urban gardens have also been used to teach children about food production and healthy eating.
V. Translation (15%)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 解除病人的痛苦是醫(yī)生的職責(zé)。(relieve)
73. 先進(jìn)的電腦技術(shù)正在逐漸改變我們的購(gòu)物方式。(way)
74. 大多數(shù)孩子很少與父母和老師之外的成年人有密切的接觸，他們對(duì)大人的生活鮮有概念。(idea)
75. 志愿者活動(dòng)不僅能使青少年學(xué)到如何幫助殘疾人，還可以提高他們與陌生人合作的意識(shí)。(Not only...)
VI. Guided Writing (25%)
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假如你是某電視臺(tái)青少年教育類節(jié)目主持人，現(xiàn)在有機(jī)會(huì)可以采訪下列四位名人中的某一人，你會(huì)選擇采訪誰(shuí)?你會(huì)問(wèn)些什么問(wèn)題?為什么?
中國(guó)女排教練：郎平 Jane Lang
流行樂(lè)歌手：周杰倫 Jay Chou
阿里巴巴集團(tuán)創(chuàng)始人：馬云 Jack Ma
若貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)撸耗?Mo Yan
北京市高考英語(yǔ)真題參考答案
1—5 BABCC
6—10 AADAC
11—16 ADBCCB
17—20 BBCD
21. to climb
22. exhausted
23. which
24. after
25. what
26. however
27. could
28. putting
29. myself
30. was fascinated
31—40
K H B D A I C G E F
41—55
ABCDC
ABCAB
BCACD
56—59
CADB
60—62
DBC
63—66
DBAC
67—70
EBFA
1. 解除病人的痛苦是醫(yī)生的職責(zé)。 (relieve)
It is a/the doctors’ responsibility/duty to relieve patients of their pain.
Or: Relieving patients’ pain is a/the doctors’ responsibility/duty.
2. 先進(jìn)的電腦技術(shù)正在逐漸改變我們的購(gòu)物方式。 (way)
Advanced computer science is gradually changing/transforming the way we shop/do shopping.
Or: …changing/transforming our way of doing shopping.
3. 大多數(shù)孩子很少與父母和老師之外的成年人有密切的接觸，他們對(duì)大人的生活鮮有概念。 (idea)
Most children have so little close contact with adults except/apart from their parents and teachers that they have little idea (of) what adult life is like.
Or: …have little idea of adult life.
4. 志愿者活動(dòng)不僅能使青少年學(xué)到如何幫助殘疾人，還可以提高他們與陌生人合作的意識(shí)。 (Not only…)
Not only can volunteer activities enable teenagers to learn how to help the disabled, but they can also raise teenagers’ awareness to cooperate with strangers.
Or: Not only can volunteer activities make teenagers learn how to help the disabled, but they can raise teenagers’ awareness to cooperate with strangers as well.
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