七夕節(jié)習(xí)俗英文介紹
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七夕節(jié)習(xí)俗英文介紹
QiQiao needle
This is the earliest QiQiao mode, and later began in han deteriorates. The fissura miscellanea, said: "the Chinese female often in July 7 colour in seven holes, people look to needle with learning." By age LiangZongMou jingchu, said: "the July 7, Pennsylvania is somebody else women wear seven self-expanding floor with gold and silver, or stone for yourself." "And", said: "all topographic exerts on July 7th layer, city of more than GongRen, put a needle. The needle floor." The five WangRenYu YiShi tianbao kaiyuan Tanabata, "said: by jin palace building, forming a hundred yards, high house can be overcome with dozens of people, Chen, fruit wine, with ZuoJu char sacrificial cow female star in nine holes, concubines to wear colors on needle thread for ever, skillfully. Move the hou qing of song, pleasures of people working. Soil is of validity. The correlations TaoZongYi yuan YuanShi records of court said: "the nine lead, QiQiao Tanabata. And, with colorful silk wear lady-in-waiting debut at first, for after finish, who was later lost the contributive to exchange, each person should be."
喜蛛應(yīng)巧
這也是較早的一種乞巧方式，其俗稍晚于穿針乞巧，大致起于南北朝之時(shí)。南朝梁宗懔《荊楚歲時(shí)記》說(shuō); “是夕，陳瓜果于庭中以乞巧。有喜子網(wǎng)于瓜上則以為符應(yīng)。”
五代王仁?！堕_(kāi)元天寶遺事》說(shuō)：“七月七日，各捉蜘蛛于小盒中，至?xí)蚤_(kāi);視蛛網(wǎng)稀密以為得巧之侯。密者言巧多，稀者言巧少。民間亦效之”宋朝孟元老《東京夢(mèng)華錄》說(shuō)，七月七夕“以小蜘蛛安合子內(nèi)，次日看之，若網(wǎng)圓正謂之得巧。”宋周密《乾淳歲時(shí)記》說(shuō);“以小蜘蛛貯合內(nèi)，以候結(jié)網(wǎng)之疏密為得巧之多久”明田汝成《熙朝樂(lè)事》說(shuō)，七夕“以小盒盛蜘蛛，次早觀其結(jié)網(wǎng)疏密以為得巧多寡。”由此可見(jiàn)，歷代驗(yàn)巧之法不同，南北朝視網(wǎng)之有無(wú)、唐視網(wǎng)之稀密，宋視網(wǎng)之圓正，后世多遵唐俗。
XiZhu should be perfect
This is a QiQiao earlier, the common later in QiQiao needle, roughly in the southern. In LiangZong deloitte was alarmed by the age of chu said, "Is TingZhong in Pennsylvania, Chen melon QiQiao in hei subnet. In melon is thought operator shall."
The five WangRenYu YiShi tianbao kaiyuan "said: July 7, the spider in a small box in catching, depending on the web to xiao, dilute the secret was thought. The more the loose talk, talk less." SongChaoMeng folk also effect the Tokyo records of wei menghua elder, "said little spider July seventh in the zygote, see, if the net is the circle skillfully." Song min-soon subtle and age, "said "Small spider storage and to wait for the density and net skillfully TianRuCheng" how "of the pleasures of city, said at a small box filled with Tanabata" spider, the "network density earlier." that was Therefore, the method of inspection, and different opportunely, miniaturization of the tang dynasty, miniaturization of thin, circular is miniaturization. Did much later tang
投針驗(yàn)巧
這是七夕穿針乞巧風(fēng)俗的變體，源于穿針，又不同于穿針，是明清兩代的盛行的七夕節(jié)俗。明劉侗、于奕正的《帝京景物略》說(shuō)：“七月七日之午丟巧針。婦女曝盎水日中，頃之，水膜生面，繡針投之則浮，看水底針影。有成云物花頭鳥(niǎo)獸影者，有成鞋及剪刀水茄影者，謂乞得巧;其影粗如錘、細(xì)如絲、直如軸蠟，此拙征矣。”《直隸志書(shū)》也說(shuō)，良鄉(xiāng)縣(今北京西南)“七月七日，婦女乞巧，投針于水，借日影以驗(yàn)工拙，至夜仍乞巧于織女”請(qǐng)于敏中《日下舊聞考》引《宛署雜記》說(shuō)：“燕都女子七月七日以碗水暴日下，各自投小針浮之水面，徐視水底日影。或散如花，動(dòng)如云，細(xì)如線，粗租如錐，因以卜女之巧。”
Cast needle. Check
This is the seventh QiQiao needle variants of customs, and different from needle, needle in the Ming and qing dynasties is the popular qixi. LiuDong Ming emperor, YuYi is the scenery of Beijing, said: "the lost 7 July afternoon. Women's aeration opportunely, worthy of the water, the water film pasta, embroidery needle shots at the bottom float, needle. Your heads of birds cloud content, your shoes and scissors, solanaceae water of Kilimanjaro; it refers to the nearest coarse and fine hammer of such as silk, such as axis, the wax on slow." The law also says ZhiShu zhili, liangxiang county (now Beijing southwest) ", July 7, QiQiao women, in water, borrow it needle with inspection work, to QiQiao night still in the fairy "please YuMinZhong has led the jasmine of news agency, said:" YanDou miscellanea, July 7 women with violence, and their respective bowls of water under the small needle shots, xu depending on the float. Or shadows underwater, cloud, and as such, coarse linen as cones, for rent to the woman."
種生求子
舊時(shí)習(xí)俗，在七夕前幾天，先在小木板上敷一層土，播下粟米的種子，讓它生出綠油油的嫩苗，再擺一些小茅屋、花木在上面，做成田舍人家小村落的模樣，稱為“殼板”，或?qū)⒕G豆、小豆、小麥等浸于磁碗中，等它長(zhǎng)出敷寸的芽，再以紅、藍(lán)絲繩扎成一束，稱為“種生”，又叫“五生盆”或“生花盆”。南方各地也稱為“泡巧”，將長(zhǎng)出的豆芽稱為巧芽，甚至以巧芽取代針，拋在水面乞巧。還用蠟塑各種形象，如牛郎、織女故事中的人物，或禿鷹、鴛鴦、等動(dòng)物之形，放在水上浮游，稱之為“水上浮”。又有蠟制的嬰兒玩偶，讓婦女買回家浮于水土，以為宜子之祥，稱為“化生”。
A child born
The old custom, in a few days ago, the seventh in a small planks apply, sow the seeds of corn, let it gives the green seedling, put a small hut, flowers and trees in the above fields, make family small villages, called the "shell", or will mung bean, adzuki bean, wheat dip in magnetic bowl and apply bud, again with the red, blue wire rope a bundle, called "type", also called "five birth basin" or "life flowerpot". Across southern is also known as the "bubble", will grow opportunely opportunely, called the bean sprouts in bud bud needle or replace opportunely, in QiQiao surface. With wax model of image, such as cowboy, fairy tale characters, or the bald eagle, mandarin, etc, in the shape of animals, called "water water floating". And the baby dolls, wax make women buy home soil, the thought is in the son, called "im".
供奉“磨喝樂(lè)”
磨喝樂(lè)是舊時(shí)民間七夕節(jié)的兒童玩物，即小泥偶，其形象多為傳荷葉半臂衣裙，手持荷葉。每年七月七日，在開(kāi)封的“潘樓街東宋門外瓦子、州西梁門外瓦子、北門外、南朱雀門外街及馬行街內(nèi)，皆賣磨喝樂(lè)，乃小塑土偶耳”。其實(shí)宋朝稍晚以后的磨喝樂(lè)，已不再是小土偶了，相反的，越作越精致。磨喝樂(lè)的大小、姿態(tài)不一，最大的高至三尺，與真的小孩于相上下。制作的材料則有以象牙雕鏤或用龍延佛手香雕成的，磨喝樂(lè)的裝扮，更是極盡精巧之能事，有以彩繪木雕為欄座，或用紅砂碧籠當(dāng)罩子，手中所持的玩具也多以金玉寶石來(lái)裝飾，一對(duì)磨喝樂(lè)的造價(jià)往往高達(dá)數(shù)千錢。 緙絲七夕乞巧圖軸
"Drink" enshrined grinding
The old folk music is grinding drink of children's toys, qixi, namely small clay accidentally image to preach the lotus, lotus dress with half an arm. Every year in July 7, "pan of kaifeng building street east song, west door watts beam, north door outside watts, rosefinch outside street and horse street, sold in grinding, but small plastic drink TuOu ear". In the late song dynasty after grinding, is no longer drink a little TuOu, instead, the more delicate as. The size of the music, drink grinding, the biggest different attitude to three feet high, and the child to in real. The materials are made by DiaoLou ivory carvings LongYan or use perfume, berganottin grinding of drink, but as the top, with delicate woodcarving, coloured drawing or pattern for the column with a red or green sand covered when, cage in the toy is more gold jewels adornment, a pair of grinding drink as cost of money. Provides the Tanabata QiQiao figure axis
拜織女
“拜織女”純是少女、少婦們的事。她們大都是預(yù)先和自己朋友或鄰里們約好五六人，多至十來(lái)人，聯(lián)合舉辦。舉行的儀式，是于月光下擺一張桌子，桌子上置茶、酒、水果、五子(桂圓、紅棗、榛子、花生，瓜子)等祭品;又有鮮花幾朵，束紅紙，插瓶子里，花前置一個(gè)小香爐。那么，約好參加拜織女的少婦、少女們，齋戒一天，沐浴停當(dāng)，準(zhǔn)時(shí)都到主辦的家里來(lái)，于案前焚香禮拜后，大家一起圍坐在桌前，一面吃花生，瓜子，一面朝著織女星座，默念自己的心事。如少女們希望長(zhǎng)得漂亮或嫁個(gè)如意郎、少婦們希望早生貴子等，都可以向織女星默禱。玩到半夜始散。
Worship vega
"The fairy maiden" pure is the worship of the young woman,. They are mostly in advance and his friends and neighbors who are about six good, to 10 people, jointly. The ceremony was held in the moonlight bottom, a table, tea, wine, fruit for abital, longan, red jujube, (hazel, peanuts, melon seeds) offering; There are flowers and a few, red paper, insert the bottle, flower lead a small bowls. Then, a woman to worship the fairy, girls, fast, bath for one time to host the house, in AnQian for religious worship, sitting at the table, together eat peanuts, melon seeds, one side, silently towards vega their mind. Girls like to marry a pretty or young people hope, with precious, early to vega prayed. Play until midnight beginning.
拜魁星
俗傳七月七日是魁星的生日?？俏氖?，想求取功名的讀書(shū)人特別崇敬魁星，所以一定在七夕這天祭拜，祈求他保佑自己考運(yùn)亨通?？菭斁褪强沸?，廿八宿中的奎星，為北斗七星的第一顆星，也魁星或魁首。古代士子中狀元時(shí)稱“大魁天下士”或“一舉奪魁”，都是因?yàn)榭侵髡瓶歼\(yùn)的緣故。
根據(jù)民間傳說(shuō)，魁星爺生前長(zhǎng)相奇丑，臉上長(zhǎng)滿斑點(diǎn)，又是個(gè)跛腳。有人便寫了一首打油詩(shī)來(lái)取笑他：不揚(yáng)何用飾鉛華，縱使鉛華也莫遮。娶得麻姑成兩美，比來(lái)蜂室果無(wú)差。須眉以下鴻留爪，口鼻之旁雁踏沙。莫是檐前貪午睡，風(fēng)吹額上落梅花。相君玉趾最離奇，一步高來(lái)一步低?？羁钚袝r(shí)身欲舞，飄飄度處乎如口。只緣世路皆傾險(xiǎn)，累得芳蹤盡側(cè)奇。莫笑腰枝常半折，臨時(shí)搖曳亦多姿。
然而這位魁星爺志氣奇高，發(fā)憤用功，竟然高中了?；实鄣钤嚂r(shí)，問(wèn)他何臉上全是斑點(diǎn)，他答道：“麻面滿天星”;問(wèn)他的腳為何跛了，他答道：“獨(dú)腳跳龍門”。皇帝很滿意，就錄取了他。
另一種完全不同的傳說(shuō)，說(shuō)魁星爺生前雖然滿腹學(xué)問(wèn)，可惜每考必?cái)?，便悲憤得投河自殺了。豈料竟被鱉魚(yú)救起，升天成了魁星。因?yàn)榭悄茏笥椅娜说目歼\(yùn)，所以每逢七月七日他的生日，讀書(shū)人都鄭重的祭拜。
Worship kuixing
On July 7th kuixing pass is vulgar. Wen, want to kuixing achievement for the reader, so certain special kuixing reverence for worship in his seventh day, his exam shipped to prosper. Bless Mai is chief dou kuixing star, 28, the KuiXing accommodation for the big dipper, also the first star kuixing or KuiShou. In ancient scholars said "scholar" or "corporal pq days did", because of the palm exam kuixing.
According to the folk tale, kuixing ye were full face looks strange ugly, and a lame spots. Someone then wrote a limerick to make fun of him: what act the role ofing, raise even while also don't hide. Marry to MaGu into two beauty, no difference than bees room fruit. A man following claws, beside the muzzle on the sand. Mo's eaves, before the wind; napping foreheads fell plum. The prince is jade toe, step by step to high. Each body to dance, rather like the flowing in degrees. The road is only edge leans risks, and tired footsteps do side. MoXiao waist branches often half fold, temporary swaying also.
However, the elder's ambition, kuixing assiduous study, unexpectedly high school. The emperor DianShi, ask him how he is all spots on baby pits replied: ";" Asked why he is lame foot, he replied: "only feet jump longmen". The emperor was very satisfied, they hired him.
A completely different legends, though disgruntled kuixing ye said before, but not every exam, he threw himself to grief. Conclusion was rescued by heaven, became a turtle fish kuixing. Because the literati kuixing can control on July 7, so he's birthday, inparticular solemnly itself
各地七夕習(xí)俗
江蘇——七夕香橋會(huì)
在江蘇嘉興塘匯鄉(xiāng)古竇涇村，有七夕香橋會(huì)。每年七夕，人們都趕來(lái)參與，搭制香橋。所謂香橋，是用各種粗長(zhǎng)的裹頭香(以紙包著的線香)搭成的長(zhǎng)約四五米、寬約半米的橋梁，裝上欄桿，于欄桿上扎上五色線制成的花裝飾。入夜，人們祭祀雙星，乞求福祥，然后將香橋焚化，象征著雙星已走過(guò)香橋，歡喜地相會(huì)。這香橋，是由傳說(shuō)中的鵲橋傳說(shuō)衍化而來(lái)。
湖南、浙江——婦女洗發(fā)、接露水
婦女七夕洗發(fā)，也是特別的習(xí)俗。在湖南、江浙一帶都有此記載。例如湖南湘潭地區(qū)《攸縣志》：“七月七日，婦女采柏葉、桃枝，煎湯沐發(fā)。”而散文名家琦君(浙江籍)的《髻》也提到其母與叔婆等女眷，都在七夕沐發(fā)。這項(xiàng)習(xí)俗，大約和七夕“圣水”的信仰有關(guān)。人們認(rèn)為，七夕這天取泉水、河水，就如同取銀河水一樣，具有潔凈的神圣力量。有的地方直接叫它“天孫(即織女)圣水”。因此女性在這天沐發(fā)，也就有了特殊意義，代表用銀河里的圣水凈發(fā)，必可獲得織女神的護(hù)佑。
還流行用臉盆接露水的習(xí)俗。傳說(shuō)七夕節(jié)時(shí)的露水是牛郎織女相會(huì)時(shí)的眼淚，如抹在眼上和手上，可使人眼明手快。
膠東——拜七姐神
在膠東地區(qū)，多于七夕拜七姐神。年輕婦女穿上新裝，歡聚一堂，于庭中盟結(jié)七姐妹，口唱歌謠：“天皇皇，地皇皇，俺請(qǐng)七姐姐下天堂。不圖你針，不圖你線，光學(xué)你七十二樣好手段。”不少地方還制作“巧花”，少女們用面粉制牡丹、蓮、梅、蘭、菊等帶花的餅饃食品(或稱巧果)，還有巧菜，即于酒盅中培育麥芽(此即宋代的“種生”)，用巧果、巧菜來(lái)祭祀織女。
中國(guó)西南——染指甲
染指甲系流傳在中國(guó)西南一帶的七夕習(xí)俗，四川省諸多縣志以及貴州、廣東兩地，也有此風(fēng)。許多地區(qū)的年輕姑娘，喜歡在節(jié)日時(shí)用樹(shù)的液漿兌水洗頭發(fā)，傳說(shuō)不僅可以年青美麗，而且對(duì)未婚的女子，還可以盡快找到如意郎君。用花草染指甲也是大多數(shù)女子與兒童們，在節(jié)日娛樂(lè)中的一種愛(ài)好，也與生育信仰有密切的關(guān)系。
廣州——迎仙
廣州的乞巧節(jié)獨(dú)具特色，節(jié)日到來(lái)之前，姑娘們就預(yù)先備好用彩紙、通草、線繩等，編制成各種奇巧的小玩藝，還將谷種和綠豆放入小盒里用水浸泡，使之發(fā)芽，待芽長(zhǎng)到二寸多長(zhǎng)時(shí)，用來(lái)拜神，稱為“拜仙禾”和“拜神菜”。從初六晚開(kāi)始至初七晚，一連兩晚，姑娘們穿上新衣服，戴上新首飾，一切都安排好后，便焚香點(diǎn)燭，對(duì)星空跪拜，稱為“迎仙”，自三更至五更，要連拜七次。拜仙之后，姑娘們手執(zhí)彩線對(duì)著燈影將線穿過(guò)針孔，如一口氣能穿七枚針孔者叫得巧，被稱為巧手，穿不到七個(gè)針孔的叫輸巧。七夕之后，姑娘們將所制作的小工藝品、玩具互相贈(zèng)送，以示友情。
藏族七夕節(jié)習(xí)俗
藏族主要分布在西藏，其余在青海、甘肅、四川、云南等地。藏族人多信喇嘛教。
敬獻(xiàn)“哈達(dá)”是藏族對(duì)客人最普遍、最隆重的禮節(jié)，獻(xiàn)的哈達(dá)越長(zhǎng)越寬，表示的禮節(jié)也越隆重。對(duì)尊者、長(zhǎng)輩，獻(xiàn)哈達(dá)的時(shí)候要雙手舉過(guò)頭，身體略向前傾，把哈達(dá)捧到座。
藏族風(fēng)情前。對(duì)平輩，只要把哈達(dá)送到對(duì)方手里或手腕上就行;對(duì)晚輩或下屬，就系在他們脖子上。如果不鞠躬或用單手送，都是不禮貌的。接受哈達(dá)的人最好做和獻(xiàn)哈達(dá)的人一樣的姿勢(shì)，并表示謝意。
藏民在見(jiàn)面打招呼時(shí)，點(diǎn)頭吐舌表示親切問(wèn)候，受禮者應(yīng)微笑點(diǎn)頭為禮。有客人來(lái)拜訪，藏民們等候在帳外目迎貴客光臨。藏民們見(jiàn)到長(zhǎng)者或尊敬的客人，要脫帽躬身45度，帽子拿在手上接近地面;見(jiàn)到平輩，頭稍低就行，帽子拿在胸前，以示禮貌。男女分坐，并習(xí)慣男坐左女坐右。
藏民對(duì)客人有敬獻(xiàn)奶茶，酥油茶和青稞酒的禮俗?？腿说讲刈寮依镒骺停魅艘慈囡疲还芸腿藭?huì)不會(huì)喝酒，都要用無(wú)名指蘸酒彈一下。如果客人不喝、不彈，主人會(huì)立即端起酒邊唱邊跳，前來(lái)勸酒。如果客人酒量小，可以喝一口，就讓添酒。連喝兩口酒后，由主人添滿杯，客人一飲而盡。這樣，客人喝得不多，主人也很滿意。按照藏族習(xí)俗，主人敬獻(xiàn)酥油茶，客人不能拒絕，至少要喝3碗，喝得越多越受歡迎。
敬酥油茶的禮儀是:客人坐在藏式方桌邊，女主人拿一只鑲著銀邊的小木碗放在客人面前，接著提壺或熱水瓶給客人倒上滿碗酥油茶，主客開(kāi)始聊天;等女主人再提壺，客人就可以端起碗來(lái)，輕輕地往碗里吹一圈，然后呷上一口，并說(shuō)些稱贊茶打得好的話;等女主人第三次提壺時(shí)，客人呷上第二口酒;客人準(zhǔn)備告辭，可以多喝幾口，但不能喝干，碗底一定要留點(diǎn)漂著油酥花的茶底。
藏胞最忌諱別人用手撫摸佛像、經(jīng)書(shū)、佛珠和護(hù)身符等圣物，認(rèn)為是觸犯禁規(guī)，對(duì)人畜不利。
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