托福寫作：利弊問題論證思路
托福寫作中，利弊話題的討論也是常考題型之一，下面，小編為大家整理托福寫作利弊題的論證思路，希望對大家有所幫助。
托福寫作：利弊問題論證思路
常見的托福寫作利弊類文章有以下一些問法：
Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
Do you think its benefits exceed its drawbacks?
Does the usefulness outweigh the limitations?
Is it positive or negative?
……
主要討論
effect， influence， development， situation，phenomenon，decision，……
如：Do you think it is a positive or negative development? 等等
如果遇到這樣的題目或相關的關鍵詞(黑體)，那么該題就一定是利弊題目。
關于托福寫作利弊題目有以下幾個需要注意的方面：
一.確定觀點
托福題目的寫作都需要有觀點，但僅憑第一直覺是沒辦法完成整篇文章的。brainstorming 和outlining的重要性在這里就不多說明了，在課堂上我們已經(jīng)重復過多次原因和如果brainstorming以及outlining。
對于利弊題目需要注意的是：無論題目中是否指明"outweigh"或"exceed"，都需要討論這個事物的利弊兩方面。因為世界上沒有完全絕對的事情，議論文必然有對立雙方，所以不可能只討論其中一邊，比如只有利或只有弊。這樣看起來貌似很強勢，但是其實是缺少辯證能力的表現(xiàn)。
二.利弊大戰(zhàn)
確定了觀點以后，接下來就要通過利與弊的權重來證明你的觀點，到底是利與弊哪個更重。
A.數(shù)量之戰(zhàn)
最直觀地判定利與弊大小就是在篇幅和內(nèi)容上。按照一般托福四段式的結構為例，主體段每段寫兩到三"點"是比較合理的。"點"太多容易論證不充分，"點"太少容易語言啰嗦或字數(shù)不夠。那么利與弊的較量首先就是"點"的數(shù)量。比如說，觀點為"利大于弊"，那么利寫三條，弊寫兩條;要么利寫兩條，弊寫一條(前提是有足夠論證內(nèi)容)。
比如：
More and more people choose to work at home and students study from home as the development of computer technology makes it more convenient and cheaper. Do you think it is a positive or negative development?
(Around the world it is likely that more adult work from home, more children study from home, as computer technology cheaper and more accessible, is it a positive or negative development? )
關于在家用電腦進行工作和學習的優(yōu)缺點相比離大家生活并不遙遠。通過brainstorming，我們能夠列出以下一些優(yōu)缺點：
+ -
家里環(huán)境舒適 不與人溝通很悶
時間靈活，可以兼顧家庭事務 自控性不強，效率不高
節(jié)省上下班/學的時間和費用 電腦輻射對身體不好
公司節(jié)省辦公室租金 缺乏戶外運動
減緩交通壓力 企業(yè)掌控力有限
…… ……
那么從里面挑出一些更加直接相關并且自己英語能力能夠達到的"點"，按照自己的觀點選擇適當數(shù)量的優(yōu)缺點，在每一個點里進行進一步擴展論述。如果認為利大于弊好寫一些，那么就在"+"里面選3條擴展，在"-"里面選2條擴展。
B.語氣之戰(zhàn)
但是僅僅這樣還是不夠的，考生通常都會想，"我寫點利，寫點弊，利寫多點不就完了。"這種觀點是錯的。比方說，我買某一束花的優(yōu)缺點，優(yōu)點3條：色彩艷麗，香味撲鼻，物美價廉，但是有一條缺點：我對花過敏。那么優(yōu)點寫再長，一條缺點就決定了我不應該買這束花。所以在對于優(yōu)缺點描述的語氣上也要注意態(tài)度：色彩特別艷麗，香味沁人心脾，絕對物超所值。這樣就把優(yōu)點實實在在地釘在讀者心里。關于缺點呢，就改成，我有可能對花過敏。這樣這個缺點就不是那么致命了。
也就是說在語氣上，觀點側重的部分要十分肯定(must, definitely, undoubtedly, absolutely, affirmatively, surely, extremely, ……)，而小于的部分要減小可能性(may, could, might, probably, possibly, to some extent, ……)。這樣，強勢的那部分有進一步占了上風。
C.徹底擊敗
論文，就是要證明自己的觀點是對的，也就是說，要最大限度地不讓反對者有機可乘。如果觀點為利大于弊，那么認為弊很重要的就是反對者。所以如果就把弊擺在那里不管是不行的，必須想辦法徹底擊敗缺點，這樣優(yōu)點才能以絕對優(yōu)勢大于缺點。以"利大于弊"的觀點為例，進一步擊敗的方法有三：
1.不重要：出現(xiàn)的缺點根本不算什么。比如上文說到買花過敏，如果過敏無非就是打兩個噴嚏，不要緊，那么最終還是買花的優(yōu)點占了上風。
2.可解決：出現(xiàn)的缺點很容易就可以解決。買花過敏了，我把它放在玻璃柜里就沒事了，仍然可以欣賞到它的美，這樣就可以買花了。在家用電腦工作缺乏與人溝通，但現(xiàn)在電腦科技發(fā)達，可以視頻、通話、網(wǎng)絡會議等等，一點不缺乏溝通的真實性。這樣還是在家工作的好處多。
3.可轉化：出現(xiàn)的缺點其實從另一個角度來看其實是優(yōu)點。比如果學生在家學習自控力差，學習效率不高。其實這恰恰是一種鍛煉學生自學能力甚至是獨立自主能力的好方法，如果能有好的引導和監(jiān)督，那么還是這些學生比在老師實時監(jiān)督下的學生更懂得如何學習。這樣，優(yōu)點就更占優(yōu)勢了。
以上這三個方法同樣適用于弊大于利的觀點，也就是要把"利"削弱掉。比如說，家里環(huán)境舒適，但是好的辦公室或者學校的環(huán)境對于工作和學習來說更合適(不重要);家里通常沒有工作和學習所需要的豐富資料(可解決);家里舒適反而讓人好逸惡勞(可轉化)。針對不同需要削弱的點，應該選擇不同的策略，而且針對一個點的削弱，不需要三種方法全部用上，做到削弱即可。
所以，通過以上三個方面的比較：數(shù)量、語氣、進一步削弱，認為大于的那一方就會以絕對性優(yōu)勢支持了觀點。這就是托福寫作利弊文的分析方式，希望對大家有所幫助。
Some people think that children should begin their formal education at a very early age and should spend most of their time on school studies. Others believe that young children should spend most of their time playing. Compare these two views. Which view do you agree with? Why?
Should children play more or study more? The question is what will be better for the child. There are benefits to both activities, but the answer depends on the details of the situation.
There are many things that could affect the outcome of the argument. What kind of a school is it? It could be a school where children sit at their desks all day long memorizing dates and facts. Or it could be a school where the teacher helps the children learn what they want to learn. I think the second kind is a lot better for a child than the first kind.
Similarly, what kind of play are we talking about? The child could be alone all day long watching television, which could make him or her bored and lonely. Or the child could be involved in group activities with neighborhood children of the same age, which could help him or her learn how to get along with others.
I think both study and play are valuable, so I mould prefer to send my child to a school where there is a combination. I think a variety of activities makes learning easier for anyone at any age.
托福獨立寫作范文：你的社區(qū)建大學
Some people think that your community would be a good place to locate the university. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of establishing a new university in your community. Use specific details in your discussion.
The first advantage of having a new university built in my community would be the jobs it would bring to the community. Initially, the jobs would be those connected with the actual building of the university structures, such as brick layers and carpenters. Once the buildings were completed, the jobs would be those on the campus itself. Those would include teachers, office workers, custodians, and librarians.
Not all of the people the university hired would already be members of the community, so that would mean a lot of new people coming to town. Of course, a lot of students would come too. Two advantages of new people in town would be more taxpayers and a more diverse population. With more people paying taxes, there would be more money for schools, libraries and other community needs. With a more diverse population, there would be new stores, new restaurants (to serve different tastes) and new cultural influences.
Of course, there would also be disadvantages. More people living in the community could mean more houses being built. There would be more traffic on the streets, with the combination of new residents and students who bring their cars. Plus, more people would mean more public services would be needed. These services could include everything from trash collection to more schools to hold all the children of the new residents. New services might mean local taxes would have to go up, even though there would be more taxpayers.
Another disadvantage is that the personality of our community would change. It would go from being a place where everybody knows everybody else to a place where a lot of people are strangers. It would become a place with a lot of short-term residents, like the university students, who might not care as much about the town.
Communities always change over time, though, and overall I like the atmosphere of a "college town. "A new university would bring a lot of challenges, but I think it would be worth it.
托福獨立寫作范文：青少年成長影響因素
Some people think that the family is the most important influence on young adults. Other people think that friends are the most important influence on young adults. Which view do you agree with? Use examples to support your position.
Although friends make an impression on your life, they do not have the same influence that your family has. Nothing is as important to me as my family. From them, I learned everything that is important. I learned about trust, ambition, and love.
Your family is with you forever. They are not going to leave you because they find another daughter they like better. They are not going to leave you because they think you are too much trouble. A family is permanent, while friends come and go.
Your parents are your role models. They will encourage you to do your best, to push yourself, and to improve yourself. Friends want you to stay the same; they don't want you to be different. A family is ambitious for you. Friends are not.
Your family teaches you about love. A family's love is not judgmental. They love you for everything you are. Friends may love you because you have a new car or because you go out with them on Saturdays. A family loves you. Friends only like you.
Without my family, I wouldn't know what to do. I wouldn't feel as secure. I might not have the ambition to go to school. I probably would be afraid to love. My family is my greatest influence.
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