托業(yè)七大題型詳解：ShortTalks
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托業(yè)七大題型詳解：Short Talks
Short Talks
Format
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In Part IV, you will hear a number of talks on the audio program. There are two, three, and sometimes four questions for each talk. The questions are written in your test booklet. There are four answer choices following each question. You have to choose the best answer to the question based on the information that you hear in the talk. Before each of the talks, there is an introductory statement.
Examples of introductory statements:
Questions 80 and 81 are based on the following announcement:
Questions 93 to 96 refer to the following lecture:
Following each talk, you'll hear instructions to answer particular questions, with eight-second pauses between each of them. (You do not have to wait for these announcements to answer the questions.)
Because this part of the test consists of both spoken material on the tape and written questions and answer choices, it tests both listening and reading skills.
1. The talks: The talks are all monologues -- that is, they are delivered by one speaker. They are fairly short -- most are less than one minute long.
2. The questions: Three main types of questions are asked about the talks: overview questions, detail questions, and inference questions.
_Overview questions require a general understanding of the lecture or of the situation in which it is given. Overview questions ask about the main idea or purpose of the lecture, or about the speaker, the audience, or the location where the talk is given. Some typical overview questions:
Who is speaking?
What is the purpose of the talk?
What kind of people would probably be interested in this talk?
What is happening in this talk?
Where is this announcement being made?
_Detail questions relate to specific points in the talk. They begin with question words: who, what, where, why, when, how, how much, and so on. Some ars negative questions; they ask whaat was not mentioned in the talk:
Which of the following is NOT true about... ?
_Inference questions require you to make a conclusion based on the information provided in the talk. These questions often contain the word probably or forms of the verbs imply or infer:
What is probably true about... ?
What does the speaker imply about... ?
What can be inferred from this talk?
3. The answer choices: All the answer choices are plausible answers to the questions, in many cases, the distractors are mentioned in the talk. Just because you hear an answer choice mentioned in the talk does not mean it is the correct answer for a particular question.
Tactics
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1. Listen carefully to the introductory announcement that is given before each talk. It will tell you what kind of talk you are going to hear (an announcement or a commercial, for example) as well as which questions to look at during that talk.
2. Always look at the questions as the talk is being given on the audio program. Do not look away or close your eyes in order to concentrate on the spoken material. You must focus on both the talk and the written questions.
3. Because the questions ars written out, you can use them to focus your listening for particular information.
4. Do not mark your answer sheet while the talk is going on, even if you know the answer. The act of answering a question may cause you to miss the information you need to answer the question or questions that follow.
5. Do not wait for the speaker on the audio program to instruct you to answer the questions. In fact, you should ignore those announcements. Begin answering as soon as the talk is over, and answer all the questions related to that talk as soon es you can. If you have a few seconds left before the next talk begins, preview the next few questions in your test booklet.
6. Never continue working on the questions about one talk after another
talk has begun.
7. If you are not sure of an answer, eliminate unlikely choices and then guess.
8. Always answer each question. Never leave any blanks.
_Testing Points and Skill-Building Exercises
A. Public Announcements
B. News, Weather, and Public Service Bulletins
C. Commercial Messages
D. Business Talks
E. Recorded Messages
托業(yè)備考輔導(dǎo)：托業(yè)閱讀考試知識(shí)整理
The US then concentrated on bullying its poor neighbors in Central America and the Caribbean, meddling in the affairs of El Salvador, Nicaragua, Panama and Grenada. The collapse of the Soviet Bloc's 'Evil Empire' in 1991 left the US as the world's sole superpower, and the Gulf War in 1992 gave George Bush the opportunity to lead a coalition supposedly representing a 'new world order' into battle against Iraq. Domestic matters, such as health reform, gun ownership, drugs, racial tension, gay rights, balancing the budget, the tenacious Whitewater scandal and the Monica Lewinsky 'Fornigate' affair tended to overshadow international concerns during the Clinton administration. In a bid to kickstart its then-ailing economy, the USA signed NAFTA, a free-trade agreement with Canada and Mexico, in 1993, invaded Haiti in its role of upholder of democracy in 1994, committed thousands of troops to peacekeeping operations in Bosnia in 1995, hosted the Olympics in 1996 and enjoyed, over the past few years, the fruits of a bull market on Wall St. The 2000 presidential election made history by being the most highly contested race in the nation's history.
The Democratic candidate, Al Gore, secured the majority of the popular vote but lost the election when all of Florida’s electoral college votes went to George W Bush, who was ahead of Gore in that state by only 500 votes. Demands for recounts, a ruling by the Florida Supreme Court in favor of partial recounts, and a handful of lawsuits generated by both parties were brought to a halt when the US Supreme Court split along party lines and ruled that all recounts should cease. After five tumultuous weeks, Bush was declared the winner. The early part of Bush’s presidency saw the US face international tension, with renewed violence in the Middle East, a spy-plane standoff with China and nearly global disapproval of US foreign policy with regard to the environment. On the domestic front, a considerably weakened economy provided challenges for national policymakers. Whether the US can continue to hold onto its dominant position on the world stage and rejuvenate its economy remains to be seen
2020年托業(yè)考試詞匯
mild winter 暖冬
rain cloud 雨云
photochemical smog 光化學(xué)煙霧
scorching 酷熱的
snowstorm 暴風(fēng)雪
sizzling (水滾熱時(shí)的)
summery 夏季的
taper off 逐漸停止
tropical depression 熱帶低氣壓
typhoon area 臺(tái)風(fēng)圈
visibility 可見(jiàn)度
warm current 暖流
weather station 氣象臺(tái)
weatherperson 天氣預(yù)報(bào)員
wintry 冬天般的
shape up 成型，發(fā)展
fair sky 美麗的天空
spell 意味著
muggy 悶熱的
precipitation 雨
Toeic Vocabulary- travel
line 鐵路線
passenger car 客車(chē)廂
freight car 貨車(chē)廂
dining car 餐車(chē)廂
conductor 乘務(wù)員
express train 快車(chē)
local train 慢車(chē)
junction 列車(chē)樞紐站
transfer 轉(zhuǎn)乘
on/behind/ahead of schedule 準(zhǔn)時(shí)/晚點(diǎn)/提前
humidity 濕度
atmospheric pressure 氣壓
flood 洪水
avalanche 雪崩
Antarctic 南極
Arctic 北極
be spawned 發(fā)生(臺(tái)風(fēng)等)
blast of cold air 冷空氣來(lái)襲
central barometric reading 中心氣壓
chill 寒氣的
cold wave 寒流
crisp 舒爽的
exploration 探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)
heat wave breaks 熱浪消失
heavy fog 濃霧
Meteorological Agency 氣象局
non-stop 直達(dá)車(chē)
on board 乘(船、飛機(jī)等)
opposite side 相反方向
out-of-court settlement 庭外和解
out-of-service train 回程車(chē)
overbook 超過(guò)既定預(yù)約人數(shù)
passenger jetliners 噴氣式客機(jī)
derail 脫軌
reconfirmation 再確認(rèn)
service charge 服務(wù)費(fèi)
subway 地鐵
trespass in national airspace 侵犯領(lǐng)空
trek 長(zhǎng)途跋涉之旅
shower 陣雨
storm 暴風(fēng)雨
rainstorm 雨暴
rainfall 降雨量
rain cats and dogs 傾盆大雨
hail 冰雹
lightening rod 避雷針
fog 霧
sleet 雨夾雪
heavy showfall 大雪
blizzard 大風(fēng)雪
breeze 微風(fēng)
tornado 龍卷風(fēng)
wind velocity 風(fēng)速
temperature 氣溫
thermometer 溫度計(jì)
back round trip ticket 返程票
crew 機(jī)組成員
cumulonimbus 積雨云
currency exchange 貨幣兌換
departures 處罰航班
evacuate 撤退
go off on a trip 外出旅行
have tires punctured 爆胎
intersection 交叉路口
non-refundable 不可退款的
托業(yè)考試語(yǔ)法規(guī)則
TOEFL語(yǔ)法第一條：?jiǎn)螖?shù)可數(shù)名詞不能單獨(dú)存在
例子：I LIKE THE FLOWER或I LIKE FLOWERS.不能是：I LIKE FLOWER.
黃金規(guī)則1：
一個(gè)句子有且只有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)，若有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)就不能再有第二個(gè)謂語(yǔ)。若有另一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)，就必有連詞，關(guān)系代詞，副詞。
一個(gè)句子若有連詞，關(guān)系代詞，副詞，那此句就二謂語(yǔ)，分句各有自己的謂語(yǔ)。
例子：I GO TO THE SCHOOL.ALTHOUGH HE HITS ME，I DON‘T HOLD THE GRADGE.
黃金規(guī)則2：
在時(shí)間，條件，讓步，方式，狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果從句的主句和主句的主語(yǔ)一致，并且從句的謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成中有BE動(dòng)詞，從句主語(yǔ)BE動(dòng)詞可以同時(shí)省略。
THE BUILDING WAS……，WHEN BUILT……
of用法：OF的后面一定是名詞，OF的后面不一定非要是名詞，但一般是名詞。
簡(jiǎn)略式：N1 + OF +N2
AS的后面可以跟一個(gè)從句的。例如：AS GOOD AS SHE IS.等。
以上兩個(gè)規(guī)則加上語(yǔ)第一條加上TOEFL的詞組的特殊搭配，語(yǔ)法可以幾乎得滿分。但上面的東西，各位T友一定要靈活運(yùn)用。這些可是新東方語(yǔ)法教育的精華。
更多的語(yǔ)法規(guī)則需要大家的總結(jié)。希望各位T友積極動(dòng)起來(lái)。
預(yù)祝大家語(yǔ)法滿分。
托福語(yǔ)法解題圣經(jīng)一，不要懷疑題目出錯(cuò)
二，不要想方設(shè)法讀懂題目
三，粗心是滿分的敵人
四，不要浪費(fèi)時(shí)間考慮如何改正錯(cuò)誤
五，不要在未劃線的部分尋找答案
六，看懂句子的結(jié)構(gòu)永遠(yuǎn)是最重要的
七，不要在難題上花太多工夫
八，決不能放過(guò)任何一個(gè)動(dòng)詞、連詞、關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞
九，平行結(jié)構(gòu)與同謂語(yǔ)的判斷至關(guān)重要
十，要遵循的常識(shí)性的語(yǔ)法規(guī)則：
1.介詞后面必有賓語(yǔ)
2.句子必須有謂語(yǔ)
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