英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
英語(yǔ)中有許多短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在意義上是一個(gè)整體，其用法有的相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，有的相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞，有的兼有及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞的特征。接下來(lái)，小編給大家準(zhǔn)備了英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,歡迎大家參考與借鑒。
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成主要有以下六種：
(1) 動(dòng)詞+介詞
常見(jiàn)的有l(wèi)ook for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to等。這類(lèi)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞后。如：
Don't laugh at others.
I didn't care about it.
(2) 動(dòng)詞+副詞
常見(jiàn)的有g(shù)ive up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。這類(lèi)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)如果是名詞，既可放在副詞前邊，又可放在副詞后邊;賓語(yǔ)如果是人稱(chēng)代詞或反身代詞，則要放在副詞前邊。如：You'll hand in your homework tomorrow. Please don't forget to hand it in.
(3) 動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞
常見(jiàn)的有l(wèi)ook down upon1, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等。這類(lèi)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞后邊。如：
All his money added2 up to no more than 0.
After a short rest, he went on with his research3 work.
(4) 動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞
常見(jiàn)的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。這類(lèi)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞后邊。如：You should pay attention to your handwriting4. We should make full use of our time.
(5) 動(dòng)詞+形容詞
常見(jiàn)的有l(wèi)eave open, set free, cut open等。這類(lèi)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)如果是名詞，則賓語(yǔ)可放在形容詞的前邊，也可放在后邊;賓語(yǔ)如果是人稱(chēng)代詞或反身代詞，則必須放在形容詞前邊。如：
The prisoners5 were set free.
He cut it open.
(6) 動(dòng)詞+名詞
常見(jiàn)的有take place, make friends等。這類(lèi)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作不及物動(dòng)詞。如：
This story took place three years ago.
I make friends with a lot of people.
(7)辨析
give away(讓給，暴露) 和 give up(放棄，停止)
put away(放起，收起) 和 put out (撲滅)
turn up(出席，放大) 和 turn on (打開(kāi))
keep out(阻止) 和 keep off (不讓靠近)
make up(編造，補(bǔ)上) 和 make out(辨認(rèn))
take off(脫，起飛) 和 take out(拿出)
II. 例題
例1 It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.
A put away B kept up C given away D laid up
解析：該題正確答案為A。意為"存";keep up意為"繼續(xù)";give away意為"分發(fā)";lay up"貯藏"。
例2 Here's my card. Let's keep in ____.
A touch B relation C connection D friendship
解析：該題正確答案為A. keep in touch為短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，意為"保持聯(lián)系"。
例3 ____! There's a train coming.
A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on
解析：該題選A. look out 意為"小心"。
擴(kuò)展：連詞
1、 連詞的種類(lèi)
(1) 并列連詞用來(lái)連接并列關(guān)系的詞、短語(yǔ)或分句，如and, for, or, both…and, either1…or, neither2…nor等。
(2) 從屬連詞用來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句，如that, if, whether4, when, after, as5 soon as等。
除了從屬連詞(引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句)外，還有其它可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句的詞類(lèi)。它們是連接代詞和連接副詞(引導(dǎo)名詞性從句)，關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞(引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句)。
2、 常用連詞舉例
(1) and 和，并且
They drank and sang6 all night.
(2) both…and 和， 既…也…
Both my parents and I went there.
(3) but 但是，而
I'm sad, but he is happy.
(4) either…or 或…或…， 要么…要么…
Either you're wrong, or I am.
(5) for因?yàn)?/p>
I asked him to stay, for I had7 something to tell him.
(6) however8 然而，可是
Af first, he didn't want to go there. Later9, however, he decided10 to go.
(7) neither…nor3 既不…也不
Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees11 with you.
(8) not only…but(also) 不但…而且…
He not only sings well, but also dances well.
(9) or 或者，否則
Hurry up, or you'll be late.
Are you a worker or a doctor?
(10) so 因此，所以
It's getting late, so I must go.
(11) although12 雖然
Although it was13 late, they went on working.
(12) as soon as 一 …就
I'll tell him as soon as I see him.
(13) because 因?yàn)?/p>
He didn't go to school, because he was ill.
(14) unless14 除非，如果不
I won't go unless it is fine tomorrow.
(15) until15 直到…
He didn't leave until eleven. (瞬間動(dòng)詞用于not… until 結(jié)構(gòu))
He stayed there until eleven.
(16) while16 當(dāng)…時(shí)候，而 (表示對(duì)比)
While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. (while后不可用瞬間動(dòng)詞)
My pen is red while his is blue.
(17) for 因?yàn)?/p>
He was ill, for he didn't come. (結(jié)論是推斷出來(lái)的)
(18) since17自從…
I have lived here since my uncle left.
(19) hardly18… when 一… 就
I had hardly got19 to the station when the train left.
(20) as far as 就… 來(lái)說(shuō)
As far as I know, that country is very small.
You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那里)
II. 例題
例1 John plays football ____, if not better than, David.
A as well B as well as C so well D so well as
解析：該題意為：John踢足球如果不比David好的話，那也踢得和David一樣好。 和…一樣好為as well as. 故該題正確答案為B。
例2 She thought20 I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact21, I was talking about my daughter.
A when B where C which D while
解析：該處意為"然而"，只有while有此意思，故選D。
例3 Would22 you like a cup of coffee ____ shall23 we get down to business24 right away?
A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise25
解析：該處意為"或者"，正確答案為C。
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英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
