雅思寫作如何列提綱

雅思作文提綱怎么寫?小編建議考生在撰寫雅思作文時(shí)要按照一定的寫作步驟去寫，如審題，構(gòu)思，列提綱，內(nèi)容填充，檢查等，一步一步進(jìn)行對(duì)于時(shí)間的合理安排有很大的幫助，也能讓考生不會(huì)慌亂，有條不紊的寫作。本文主要為大家淺談雅思作文提綱怎么寫，希望對(duì)考生有所幫助。

雅思寫作如何列提綱

首先，我們來(lái)了解一下考生在列提綱時(shí)常犯的兩種錯(cuò)誤。

很多考生往往會(huì)在小作文寫作上花較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間，每當(dāng)這個(gè)時(shí)候他們就認(rèn)為列提綱是多此一舉，所以就是題目囫圇吞棗讀完后，想到哪里就寫到哪里。這樣做的結(jié)果可想而知，分?jǐn)?shù)自然不高。另外， 即便有時(shí)間列提綱，在書寫時(shí)也不是完全用到，所以考生也會(huì)覺(jué)得列提綱是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間也沒(méi)有必要。事實(shí)上，考生會(huì)有這兩種想法，原因在于未真正品嘗到這樣做的好處，或是根本不知道該如何去列提綱。

其次，我們來(lái)了解一下列提綱的注意事項(xiàng)。

考生在列提綱時(shí)要注意的是了解題目的特點(diǎn)后再列提綱 ，換句話說(shuō)就是考生要仔細(xì)讀題，看懂題目再列提綱。這一點(diǎn)更多的是強(qiáng)調(diào)提綱呈現(xiàn)與認(rèn)真讀題的關(guān)系 ，也就是說(shuō)，考生要想列出出色的提綱必須利用自己豐富的知識(shí)面把題目中重要名詞或形容詞的內(nèi)涵展開(kāi)才能為接下來(lái)的思路提供靈感，但是僅僅這些還是不夠的。認(rèn)真地讀題并悟出題目的關(guān)鍵才會(huì)確?？忌樌胩峋V和相關(guān)思路。

以雅思大作文為例簡(jiǎn)單講解，一般大作文題目主要由背景句，觀點(diǎn)句及問(wèn)題三要素構(gòu)成，其中背景句對(duì)于列提綱而言是非常有幫助的。

如題：In many countries,traditional foods are being replaced by international foods. This is having a negative effect on both families and societies. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

此題中的背景句為第一句，考生要想寫出對(duì)于家庭和社會(huì)的消極影響，必須知道哪些是traditional foods，哪些是international foods?？忌米约旱闹R(shí)面就能知道二者各自包含什么，如

Traditional foods：

noodles/ rice-based dishes/ pork-based dishes/ rain-based dishes…

International foods：

McDonald's / KFC /Starbucks/ Burger King…

對(duì)比分析，我們就能列出提綱來(lái)，即：

Negative effects on family：

physical fitness：fried/ high fat/ sugar/ calories/ cholesterol/ be detrimental to sb.;

traditional foods： be rich in nutrition/ vitamin

Negative impact on society：

loss of culture/ Chinese

traditional foods：

Cantonese dish/ Sichuan cuisine/ Shandong cuisine/ treasure

后，我們來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)一下雅思寫作步驟之列提綱必經(jīng)的兩個(gè)階段。

所謂的列提綱就是對(duì)題目需要的論據(jù)進(jìn)行羅列，包括同意、反對(duì)某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的理由，事物的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，問(wèn)題的原因、結(jié)果、解決方案等等。但是實(shí)際上不同的話題，難度不同，所列出有效論據(jù)的難度也不同。就算是簡(jiǎn)單的題目，依然要經(jīng)歷兩個(gè)階段，即“想”和“篩選”。這兩個(gè)階段是呈遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的。

“想”就是我們所說(shuō)的brainstorming的過(guò)程。舉例說(shuō)明，題目為Should old man live with their own children together, or should they live in the nursing houses? 考生要基于對(duì)題目的正確理解，可以先將話題的兩個(gè)對(duì)立面的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)都盡量低詳細(xì)思考分析一番，而并不要只是執(zhí)著地去想自己的先入為主或是本能選擇的“在家照顧父母”的好處。這樣可以讓自己后面的決定更加客觀，讓理智而非情感來(lái)決定我們的立場(chǎng)，

那么雙邊論據(jù)比較為：與家人的情感交流，歸屬感 vs與其老人的交流;方便，貼心的照顧 vs 專業(yè)的照顧;傳統(tǒng)，盡孝道，責(zé)任，義務(wù) vs 適應(yīng)社會(huì)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)等等。

這樣列提綱，正反兩面一一對(duì)應(yīng)，無(wú)論選擇任何一邊作為立場(chǎng)，都會(huì)有充分的內(nèi)容可以發(fā)揮。

“篩選”指的是考生要看看自己所想到的內(nèi)容當(dāng)中有沒(méi)有被迫要從文章當(dāng)中去掉的觀點(diǎn)。比如難以表達(dá)清楚的，因?yàn)橛行┫敕ǎ诮徽勚?，我們用中文?jiǎn)單的幾個(gè)字就能讓對(duì)方明白意思，但是在寫作中，尤其是雅思寫作則完全不同。第一項(xiàng)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中，對(duì)于論據(jù)的拓展有著明確的要求，即present, extend and support main ideas，避免over-generalize。所以，對(duì)于一些難以拓展的觀點(diǎn)或是因比較抽象而難以拓展，考生都可以根據(jù)實(shí)際情況適當(dāng)取舍。

雅思寫作范文：奧運(yùn)會(huì)舉辦利弊

Task：Holding Olympic Games has positive effects. Others believe it is too money-consuming and the government should spend that money on other areas.

舉辦奧運(yùn)會(huì)有積極的影響。其他人認(rèn)為這太耗錢，政府應(yīng)該把錢花在其他領(lǐng)域。

思路解析：

好處：

1. 能促進(jìn)主辦地的設(shè)施現(xiàn)代化。舉例，為了伺候奧運(yùn)會(huì)，大規(guī)模的交通設(shè)施，公路，鐵路會(huì)被要求改建和更新，這為整個(gè)城市帶來(lái)了更高效的交運(yùn)系統(tǒng)。。

2. 絕佳的機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)展示和傳播主辦國(guó)的文化，消除文化差異帶來(lái)的誤解，這增加了國(guó)家間的尊敬和信任。

3. 點(diǎn)燃大眾運(yùn)動(dòng)熱情，通過(guò)促進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)改善大眾體質(zhì)。

4. 奧運(yùn)會(huì)刺激了經(jīng)濟(jì)。它會(huì)吸納數(shù)百萬(wàn)人的觀光，這拉動(dòng)了內(nèi)需，也創(chuàng)造了就業(yè)。

壞處：

1. 太燒錢，巨大的開(kāi)銷甚至?xí)加迷緦儆谏鐣?huì)福利的稅收，這降低了當(dāng)?shù)厝说纳钯|(zhì)量。

2. 很多場(chǎng)館的用途過(guò)于單一和專業(yè)，奧運(yùn)會(huì)之后它們不得不長(zhǎng)期閑置，甚至被拋棄。

3. 安保工作一直是一大頭疼事兒，舉例，1972年的德國(guó)慕尼黑慘劇歷歷在目。

參考范文：

As the NO.1 sports competition worldwide, Olympic Games has been held consistently in different areas in the past. Many people believe this sports tradition should remain, because of its positive influences on the host country. However, others hold an opposite view that a large amount of money spent on it is unwise. Personally, I am in favor of the former view, and my reasons will be explored as below.

The first reason of supporting Olympic Games is that it provides opportunities for the modernization of social infrastructure a host city, which can leave a lasting heritage for the whole community. For example, 2008 Beijing Olympic Games stimulated the update of transportation system, such as the doubled number of highways, higher extension of subways and accommodation of airports, as well as an integration of between land and air traffic. Therefore, contributions to this city this great sporting event made include a smooth operation of internal market, a reliable and efficient mobility of persons and goods, and an increased cohesion of north China, socially and territorially.

Secondly, Olympic Games also plays a role of economic catalyst for local society. For one thing, during the process of the game, the inflow of tens of thousands of athletes, coaches, officers, journalists and audience would drastically boost domestic economy, such as the consumption of hotels, restaurants, commodities and souvenirs. For another, many sporting venues which are in operation after the event is over can be city icons and ideal attractions for tourists. Expectedly, with a consistent thriving of tourism, many kinds of industries and new job vacancies can be activated.

However, demerits of Olympic Games should not be overlooked, and the first concern is so-called white elephant phenomenon of construction. That is to say, without long-term planning or practicality, many venues which were built only for sports with little local interest, have now no use, or are crumbling. For example, In Greek today, the expensive and once-gleaming Olympic legacy has been a set of decaying structures. Swimming pools are given over to frogs, beach volleyball and softball arenas are all literally falling apart, baseball fields have been overtaken by weeds, dirt and trash is collection in the hallway and corners. In other words, the investment of billions of dollars into these debris is unacceptable and ironical for Greeks who are now being trapped in the economic crisis.

In conclusion, I believe its advantages overweigh the disadvantages. Although some sports facilities might not be used fully, the overall improvement of urban infrastructure and economic prosperity sparked by Olympic Games holding are more meaningful and valuable, to a large extent.

(433 words)

雅思寫作范文：資源快速消耗

Task：The natural resources such as oil, forests and fresh water are being consumed at an alarming rate. What problems does it cause? How can we solve these problems?

Sample answer：

The universal phenomenon of excessive consumption of natural resources actually remains a subject of public interest and concern. The objective of this essay is to outline both the potential problems of this negative tendency and appropriate ways of dealing with it.

Consuming considerable resources will cause inevitable environmental pollution. The low efficiency of resources use in factories may aggravate this problem. One of the best solutions may be encouraging companies to adopt more eco-friendly equipment, making optimal use of materials. Meanwhile, local governments can enact stricter environment-protection standards to normalize the enterprise operations.

In addition, since available natural resources are quite limited on the earth, the overuse of these restricted resources will worsen the shortage of natural materials and lower people’s standard of living indirectly. It is well-recognized that only a few natural resources can be used directly in our daily life. For example, the drinkable water accounts for just less than 1% of all the world water resources. Also, to meet the basic needs of people, some alternative materials have been invented when some resources are in a short supply. For instance, artificial cotton, a material which is made from rice straw, has replaced cotton in clothing industry in recent years. However, the clothes made of artificial cotton are definitely not as comfortable as the natural ones. Wearing these clothes means a lower life quality to some people to some extent. To address this problem, people should develop a more active attitude towards economizing resources, leading a low carbon life.

To summarize, consuming natural resources at an increasing rate may pose a threat on environment and people’s life. Business, governments and society should work together to solve these problems.

(280 words)

雅思寫作范文：捐款方式

Task：Some people prefer to provide help and support directly to those in their local community who need it. Others, however prefer to give money to national and international charitable organizations. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Sample answer：

Although people in industrialized countries lead a high standard of living, it is undeniable that there are still 1.2 billion people living below the poverty line. In order to solve poverty-related problems, I feel that all kinds of help should be encouraged and respected.

Giving a helping hand to those who are in need in the local community seems reasonable. It is because even in the richest countries, there are still a lot of people, such as disabled people and orphanages, suffering from famine and extreme poverty. For this reason, it is easy and convenient for us to help our fellow citizens, such as donating food or clothing to them, so that we can see the result of our actions immediately. By contrast, it is rather difficult to track expenditure of international aids, which might result in corruption in some cases.

Those who donate money to domestic and international charities believe that the collection of money has a tremendous effect on the poor countries compared with other forms of help. This is because few people are able to donate a large amount of money to construct schools, hospitals and roads in poor areas. Instead, governments and charities can achieve this. International aids can also purchase vaccines which are available in developed countries by using the money raised worldwide and save millions children’s life.

In my view, minor proportion of donated money and other sorts of help should be appreciated equally as long as the money reaches to those who need it desperately. The government could run campaign and encourage door-to door help. At the same time, charitable organizations should make every penny count for donors.

(275 words)

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