2019年1月13日托福寫(xiě)作回憶
為了能夠幫助每一位正在備考的托福考生們，小編為大家整理的內(nèi)容是關(guān)于2019年1月13日托福寫(xiě)作回憶和解析希望考生們一定要多加練習(xí)托福寫(xiě)作，想要了解更多托福資訊，就一定要及時(shí)關(guān)注學(xué)習(xí)啦！
2019年1月13日托福寫(xiě)作回憶
綜合寫(xiě)作
話(huà)題分類(lèi)
自然科學(xué)
考題回憶
1-總論點(diǎn)
考拉的數(shù)量是否會(huì)持續(xù)減少?
2-閱讀部分
考拉的數(shù)量可能會(huì)持續(xù)減少，這可能是由于以下三個(gè)原因：
1. 考拉棲息地的減少?？祭臈⒌乇晦r(nóng)業(yè)和居住用地占據(jù)，這使得它們分散成了小的
群體聚居。而這樣的聚居會(huì)帶來(lái)很?chē)?yán)重的食物競(jìng)爭(zhēng)壓力，這使得它們不能很好地存
活。
2. 交通事故?？祭?jīng)常離開(kāi)生活的地方找食物和水源，這導(dǎo)致它們很可能經(jīng)過(guò)一些切割
了它們自然聚居地的、車(chē)流繁忙的地帶。在夜晚它們活躍的時(shí)候，開(kāi)車(chē)的人很難在公
路上看到它們，這就導(dǎo)致了車(chē)禍。
綜合寫(xiě)作
3. 柵欄的設(shè)置。在城市區(qū)域內(nèi)生活的考拉經(jīng)常要翻越柵欄去覓食。但它們經(jīng)常被柵欄里
的狗攻擊，導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重受傷。
3-聽(tīng)力部分
針對(duì)考拉數(shù)量減少的現(xiàn)象給出了三個(gè)解決方案：
1. 在棲息地之間種樹(shù)，形成 vegetation corridor，幫助考拉從一個(gè)棲息地轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個(gè)棲
息地。
2. 在 tunnel 里給考拉留出穿越馬路的空間，這已經(jīng)實(shí)施了并且降低了考拉的死亡率。
3. 在柵欄邊種樹(shù)讓它們爬上去避免被狗傷害，同時(shí)在花園里建造 round pole 讓他們爬走
逃生。
解題思路
此題是閱讀部分針對(duì)一個(gè)特定現(xiàn)象指出原因，聽(tīng)力部分提出解決方案的題型，要求考生
能夠準(zhǔn)確地獲取與閱讀原文所對(duì)應(yīng)的聽(tīng)力內(nèi)容，并且清晰完整地表達(dá)即可。
話(huà)題分類(lèi)
教育類(lèi)話(huà)題
題型
今昔對(duì)比題型
獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作
考題回憶
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students are more interested in politics
than before?
解題思路
觀點(diǎn)：同意，跟以前相比，現(xiàn)在的學(xué)生對(duì)政治更感興趣了。
主體段一：現(xiàn)在的課程設(shè)置使政治成為必修課，所以學(xué)生們會(huì)更熱衷于了解政治以幫助
他們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)中取得好成績(jī);
主體段二：現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)達(dá)，學(xué)生們可以時(shí)刻了解到各種政治新聞;
主體段三：政治變的和學(xué)生的未來(lái)生活工作越來(lái)越密切相關(guān)。
參考范文
The freedom of expression is a fundamental right enshrined in Constitution, including people’s
political opinions. In fact, people in democratic countries are encouraged to participate in politics, especially votes. Today, even the young generation, students, also show more interest in politics than in the past.
In the first place, teachers today play a more important role in helping students to form their
political opinions than before. Nowadays, it is free for teachers to express their political opinions in the class and many of them would like to share their thoughts with students. Teachers can organize group discussion on political issues by which they expect to inspire students to think, develop critical thinking, improve communication and negotiation skills, and learn to tolerate people holding different or even opposite perspectives. For example, when the government
banned the free plastic bags in supermarkets, my nephew’s teacher used to lead them to discuss
the pros, like reducing white pollution, and cons, like increasing the sales of plastic rubbish bags. But in the past, teachers were merely encouraged to focus on students’ academic study due to the pressure of standard tests.In the second place, thanks to the propaganda of mass media and the connection of Internet, it is easier for students to acquire information on politics, to openly discuss politics and even to take part in political events. Actually, politicians are clear how important it is for their party to win support from young generation who will become their determined backers or bitter opponents in the following decades. Thus, there is propaganda of various forms targeting students, such as speeches on campus, slogans on billboards and discussion on Internet. Students, captured by politicians’ points and the bombast of media, will join the discussion and events. Take the presidential election as an instance. Most candidates would arrange their visit to universities where they give speeches and explain the policies they will follow, especially those closely related to students’ interests. Also, politicians are adept in how to lead opinions on social media, like Facebook and Twitter. However, students in the past had limited access to political information and no platform to have their voice heard.To sum up, it is obvious that students are more interested in politics than before because of teachers’ guidance and power of propaganda
【托福寫(xiě)作】托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作因果分析法3個(gè)例子分享
因果法用于topic sentence和中間的supporting details都可以，首先我們來(lái)看一看綜合作文中是如何運(yùn)用的。
一、對(duì)于topic sentence
1. TPO 第一篇topic sentence:
The shortened workweek would increase company profits because employees would feel more rested and alert, and as a result, they would make fewer costly errors in their work. (縮短的周工作日可以提高公司的利潤(rùn)，因?yàn)閱T工可以感覺(jué)到更多的休整并且機(jī)警了，結(jié)果就是他們工作上犯錯(cuò)率減少了。)
For the country as a whole, one of the primary benefits of offering this option to employees is that it would reduce unemployment rates. (對(duì)于整個(gè)國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō)，因?yàn)榭梢詼p少失業(yè)率，所以縮短周工作日是個(gè)好事。)
分析：這是一篇TPO中的兩個(gè)分topic sentence, 不難看出都用了一個(gè)因果邏輯，那為什么寫(xiě)topic sentence要用因果法呢?我們?cè)賮?lái)回顧一下topic sentence的要求：每個(gè)分topic sentence都是要求能夠論證總的topic sentence的，比如說(shuō)：總論點(diǎn)是贊同廣告的好大于壞，分論點(diǎn)是廣告的好處之一是通過(guò)能夠給消費(fèi)者提供信息，從而能夠幫助消費(fèi)者購(gòu)買(mǎi)到合適的產(chǎn)品，那么為了能證明是好處，就一定會(huì)寫(xiě)結(jié)果帶來(lái)什么好處，因此因果法在寫(xiě)分topic sentence的時(shí)候會(huì)大量使用。再回到這個(gè)兩個(gè)topic sentence中就不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，為了說(shuō)明縮短的工作日帶來(lái)更多的好處，我們要說(shuō)帶來(lái)好處的原因(更多休整)或是結(jié)果(犯錯(cuò)率少)，因果法就恰到好處地寫(xiě)到了這一點(diǎn)。
2. TPO 第六篇topic sentence:
First, contributors to a communal online encyclopedia often lack academic credentials, thereby making their contributions partially informed at best and downright inaccurate in many cases. (首先，網(wǎng)上百科全書(shū)的貢獻(xiàn)者通常缺少學(xué)術(shù)認(rèn)證資質(zhì)，因此使得他們的貢獻(xiàn)最多部分正確，或者許多情況下完全不正確。)
Third, the communal encyclopedias focus too frequently, and in too great a depth, on trivial and popular topics, which creates a false impression of what is important and what is not. (第三，網(wǎng)上百科全書(shū)太頻繁、太深入地關(guān)注很瑣碎、很流行的話(huà)題，因此給人們產(chǎn)生了一種不知道哪些重要哪些不重要的錯(cuò)誤概念。)
分析：從這篇的topic sentence中也不難發(fā)現(xiàn)作者為了證明網(wǎng)上百科全書(shū)的問(wèn)題，在寫(xiě)分論點(diǎn)句時(shí)，作者直接寫(xiě)出了因?yàn)榫W(wǎng)上百科全書(shū)的缺陷(貢獻(xiàn)者缺少學(xué)術(shù)能力，關(guān)注得太瑣碎等)導(dǎo)致了種.種問(wèn)題(內(nèi)容不準(zhǔn)確，沒(méi)有重點(diǎn)等)，用了因果邏輯完成了topic sentence。
總結(jié)：獨(dú)立作文當(dāng)中，大家可以適當(dāng)用因果法寫(xiě)寫(xiě)topic sentence，這樣能夠準(zhǔn)確地論證總論點(diǎn)。
二、對(duì)于supporting details
1. TPO 第七篇 主體段：
First, American consumers are exposed to so much advertising that they would not value or even pay attention to the ecocertification label. Because so many mediocre products are labeled “new” or “improved”, American consumers do not place much trust in advertising claims in general.
(首先，美國(guó)顧客目前接觸到太多的廣告，因此他們不會(huì)再珍惜或注意到這個(gè)生態(tài)認(rèn)證標(biāo)識(shí)，因?yàn)橛刑嗟闹杏巩a(chǎn)品被貼上了“新的”或者“改善的”標(biāo)識(shí)，美國(guó)顧客就不太信任廣告所聲稱(chēng)的內(nèi)容。)
Second, ecocertified wood will be more expensive than uncertified wood because in order to earn ecocertification, a wood company must pay to have its business examined by a certification agency. This additional cost gets passed on to consumers-American consumers tend to be strongly motivated by price, and therefore they are likely to choose cheaper uncertified wood products. Accordingly, American wood companies will prefer to keep their prices low rather than obtain ecocertification.
(其次，生態(tài)認(rèn)證的木頭比非生態(tài)認(rèn)證的木頭更貴，因?yàn)闉榱双@取這樣一個(gè)認(rèn)證，木材公司要付費(fèi)給證書(shū)代理檢驗(yàn)費(fèi)用。這額外的開(kāi)支就要轉(zhuǎn)嫁到非常注重價(jià)格的顧客身上，因此他們會(huì)選擇便宜的非認(rèn)證的木材。因此，美國(guó)木材公司將更加趨向于保持他們的價(jià)格低廉，而不是獲取證書(shū)。)
分析：這兩段主體段除了主題句(主題句實(shí)際上也是用了因果邏輯法來(lái)完成的)以外，supporting details只用了因果論證方法，推一推原因，再推一推結(jié)果，很快就能把一段很好地論證出來(lái)，簡(jiǎn)潔、調(diào)理清晰、邏輯緊湊。
【托福寫(xiě)作】托福作文題目類(lèi)型分類(lèi)介紹
一、應(yīng)不應(yīng)該題
這類(lèi)題目在題目中一般都會(huì)含有should一詞，或者含有“應(yīng)該做”或“不應(yīng)該做”的意思，問(wèn)你如此做應(yīng)不應(yīng)該?？忌鶕?jù)這些“應(yīng)該”和“不應(yīng)該”來(lái)寫(xiě)作文章。
例如這個(gè)題目就是應(yīng)不應(yīng)該題：
Do you agree or disagree with following statement: all school teachers should be required to take courses every five years to update their knowledge.(120114 CN)
二、絕對(duì)題
這類(lèi)題目中常常會(huì)帶有絕對(duì)的語(yǔ)氣詞，例如only，must，always等;通常這類(lèi)命題的題目比較明確且語(yǔ)氣比較強(qiáng)烈，就是來(lái)問(wèn)你同不同意這種說(shuō)法，按照這個(gè)思路去構(gòu)思文章。
下面這個(gè)題目就是托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作絕對(duì)題：
Do you agree or disagree with following statement: only movies that can teach us something about real life are worth.(110828 CN)
三、現(xiàn)象證明題
在這一類(lèi)托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作題目中，主要是在討論一個(gè)現(xiàn)在可能存在的或者是將來(lái)可能會(huì)發(fā)生的現(xiàn)象，問(wèn)你這個(gè)現(xiàn)象有沒(méi)有或者是會(huì)不會(huì)出現(xiàn)，考生按照這個(gè)思路去拓展寫(xiě)作文章。
例如下面這個(gè)題目就是一個(gè)現(xiàn)象證明題：
Do you agree or disagree with following statement: in modern times, grandparents cannot give their grandchildren useful advice because the world of today are too different than it was in the past.(140112 CN)
四、比較題
這類(lèi)題目在考試中也是比較常見(jiàn)的，題目中會(huì)含有2個(gè)或者3個(gè)選項(xiàng)來(lái)讓你選擇。這些選擇當(dāng)中可能是不同事物的橫向?qū)Ρ?，也有可能是同一事物的縱向?qū)Ρ龋蛘呤墙裣?duì)比，這種情況出現(xiàn)的較多。如果出現(xiàn)這類(lèi)題目時(shí)可能會(huì)同應(yīng)不應(yīng)該題或者是現(xiàn)象證明題進(jìn)行混搭，這樣效果會(huì)更好一些。
例如下面的題目就是比較題型：
Do you agree or disagree with following statement: nowadays advertisements are more honest than they were in the past.(121214 NA)
五、Agree/disagree的題目特點(diǎn)：
Doyou agree or disagree with the following statement?
Itis often not a good thing to move to a new town or a new county because of thelost of old friends.
Usespecific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
這類(lèi)題目包括三部分的要求：①是否同意以下觀點(diǎn)(文章要表明觀點(diǎn));②題目的主要內(nèi)容要表達(dá)出來(lái)(切題);③文章要解釋原因，并且有充分的論據(jù)支撐。
六、prefer類(lèi)型的題目特點(diǎn)：
Somepeople think to watch a movie in a cinema (theater) is better, but others thinkat home is better, which one do you prefer?
這樣的題目其實(shí)是一種對(duì)比的類(lèi)型，想要突出自身的正確性的話(huà)，可以從突出自身有點(diǎn)出發(fā)，或者是突出對(duì)方的缺點(diǎn)。
新托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作高分開(kāi)頭模板分享
開(kāi)頭1
Recently an interesting question has been attached much concern to: is there any correlation between cleaning one’s room and success? Answers vary from one person to another. Some claim that students keeping their rooms neat and organized are more likely to be successful, while others oppose the idea that cleaning up the room has something to do with success. To my way of thinking, students who have the habit of keeping their rooms clean and tidy are more inclined to succeed than those who do not. My viewpoint is based on the following reasons.
最近，一個(gè)非常有趣的問(wèn)題引起了人們的廣泛關(guān)注：打掃房間與成功之間是否有任何關(guān)聯(lián)? 答案因人而異。 一些人聲稱(chēng)保持房間整潔有序的學(xué)生更有可能獲得成功，而另一些人則認(rèn)為打掃房間與成功有關(guān)。 用我的思維方式，習(xí)慣于保持房間整潔的習(xí)慣的學(xué)生比那些不習(xí)慣的學(xué)生更傾向于成功。 我的觀點(diǎn)基于以下原因。
這是一個(gè)非常經(jīng)典的開(kāi)頭，包括背景+爭(zhēng)議+立場(chǎng)。背景是通過(guò) Recently an interesting question has been attached much concern to 這個(gè)句型來(lái)引出，意為近來(lái)一個(gè)有趣的問(wèn)題得到了很多的關(guān)注。緊接著通過(guò)答案因人而異 Answers vary from one person to another 引出爭(zhēng)議。接下來(lái)通過(guò)Some claim以及while others oppose the idea闡述具體的不同的觀點(diǎn)是什么。最后通過(guò)To my way of thinking來(lái)引出自己的觀點(diǎn)，并且利用My viewpoint is based on the following reasons來(lái)承上啟下。
開(kāi)頭1的示范
Nowadays people are more willing to help others who they do not know (for example giving food or clothing) than they were in the past. [2016年12月3日考題]
Recently an interesting question has been attached much concern to: are people nowadays more willing to help others [1]? Answers vary from one person to another. Some claim that people at present are more likely to lend a hand to others [2], while others oppose the idea. To my way of thinking, I am inclined to agree with the former or the latter [3]. My viewpoint is based on the following reasons.
最近，一個(gè)非常有趣的問(wèn)題引起了人們的極大關(guān)注：當(dāng)今的人們是否更愿意幫助他人[1]? 答案因人而異。 有些人聲稱(chēng)目前的人更有可能向他人伸出援手[2]，而另一些人則反對(duì)這一想法。 以我的思維方式，我傾向于同意前者或后者[3]。 我的觀點(diǎn)基于以下原因。
首先在1空和2空我們對(duì)題目進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)述，在第3空我們?yōu)榱吮苊鈱?duì)題目進(jìn)行再一次的轉(zhuǎn)述，我們可以直接用 the former or the latter 這樣的表達(dá)來(lái)亮明自己的立場(chǎng)，畢竟不是每個(gè)人都能把題目很快的而且還很好的轉(zhuǎn)述三次的。
It is easier to become an educated person today than it was in the past?[2016年11月26日考題]
Recently an interesting question has been attached much concern to: is it easier for people today to become educated than in the old days? [1] Answers vary from one person to another. Some claim that receiving an education of higher quality has been becoming much easier not only because of economic boom but also because of the advancement in technology, [2] while others oppose the idea. To my way of thinking, I am inclined to agree with the former or the latter. [3] My viewpoint is based on the following reasons.
最近，一個(gè)非常有趣的問(wèn)題引起了人們的廣泛關(guān)注：今天的人們比過(guò)去更容易受教育嗎? [1]答案因人而異。 一些人聲稱(chēng)接受高質(zhì)量的教育變得越來(lái)越容易，不僅因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)繁榮，還因?yàn)榧夹g(shù)的進(jìn)步[2]，而另一些人則反對(duì)這一想法。 就我的思維方式而言，我傾向于同意前者或后者。 [3]我的觀點(diǎn)基于以下原因。
1空我們依然是將題目變成了一個(gè)一般疑問(wèn)句，其實(shí)就是調(diào)整一下語(yǔ)序。這個(gè)可操作性還是很強(qiáng)的。第2空這次寫(xiě)的稍微復(fù)雜一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，不僅對(duì)題目進(jìn)行了轉(zhuǎn)述，也順便給出了正文中會(huì)涉及到的兩個(gè)原因。給出原因的時(shí)候我們用not only because of A but also of B 的結(jié)構(gòu)，正好對(duì)應(yīng)中間的兩個(gè)主體段的理由。第三空不變，依然是利用the former or the latter 表明自己的立場(chǎng)。
開(kāi)頭2
As is known to all, arts and athletics play irreplaceable and indispensable roles in people’s life for the former nurtures a sound mind while the latter guarantees a sound body. And recently there has been a heated debate on whether arts or athletics should be allocated more financial funds to. This debate divides people into two camps with opposite opinions, and as far as I’m concerned, athletics deserves more funding from government than arts does due to its greater significance. My reasons and examples are given below.
眾所周知，藝術(shù)和體育運(yùn)動(dòng)在人們的生活中起著不可替代和不可或缺的作用，因?yàn)榍罢呖梢耘囵B(yǎng)健全的思想，而后者則可以保證健全的身體。 最近，關(guān)于藝術(shù)或體育應(yīng)該分配更多的財(cái)政資金，引起了激烈的爭(zhēng)論。 這場(chǎng)辯論將人們分為兩個(gè)持不同意見(jiàn)的陣營(yíng)，就我而言，由于其重要性更高，田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)應(yīng)該比藝術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)得到政府更多的資助。 我的理由和例子如下。
跟開(kāi)頭1類(lèi)似，這個(gè)也是一個(gè)背景+爭(zhēng)議+立場(chǎng)的開(kāi)頭，只是表達(dá)和開(kāi)頭1相比有所變化而已。首先我們第一句話(huà)可以利用這樣的句式來(lái)引入背景：A and B play irreplaceable and indispensable roles in people’s life for the former A的好處 while the latter B的好處。 緊接著我們通過(guò) Recently there has been a heated debate on whether 來(lái)引出題目。接下來(lái)利用 This debate divides people into two camps with opposite opinions 來(lái)引出爭(zhēng)議。最后通過(guò) as far as I’m concerned 亮明自己的立場(chǎng)，并且利用 My reasons and examples are given below. 過(guò)渡到正文。
開(kāi)頭2的示范
Governments should focus more on preservation of environment rather than economic development. [2009年3月22日]
As is known to all, economy and environment play irreplaceable and indispensable roles in people’s life for the former ensures a decent life while the latter guarantees a sound body. And recently there has been a heated debate on whether economy or environment should be allocated more financial funds to. This debate divides people into two camps with opposite opinions, and as far as I’m concerned, environment deserves more funding from government than economy does due to its greater significance. My reasons and examples are given below.
眾所周知，經(jīng)濟(jì)和環(huán)境在人們的生活中起著不可替代和不可或缺的作用，因?yàn)榍罢叽_保體面的生活，而后者則保證身體健康。 最近，關(guān)于是否應(yīng)向經(jīng)濟(jì)或環(huán)境分配更多的金融資金引起了激烈的爭(zhēng)論。 這場(chǎng)辯論將人們分為兩個(gè)持不同意見(jiàn)的陣營(yíng)，就我而言，由于環(huán)境的重要性更大，因此政府應(yīng)比經(jīng)濟(jì)提供更多的資金。 我的理由和例子如下。
本題在改寫(xiě)的時(shí)候比較簡(jiǎn)單，我們只需要把 athletics 換成 economy 把 arts 換成 environment 即可，至于兩者的好處如果需要調(diào)整的話(huà)也得進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的變化。畢竟我們不能說(shuō)經(jīng)濟(jì)滋養(yǎng)健康的心靈。在套現(xiàn)成的東西的時(shí)候大家一定要把每一個(gè)該換的地方都換掉，千萬(wàn)不要搞出笑話(huà)。
Do you agree or disagree, it is a waste of money for government to fund space travel. [2015年10月11日]
As is known to all, space technology play irreplaceable and indispensable roles in a country’s successful development for a country’s competitiveness in space exploration represents its national power. And recently there has been a heated debate on whether space travel should be allocated financial funds to. This debate divides people into two camps with opposite opinions, and as far as I’m concerned, the exploration of outer space deserves the funding from government due to its great significance. My reasons and examples are given below.
眾所周知，空間技術(shù)在一個(gè)國(guó)家的成功發(fā)展中扮演著不可替代和不可或缺的角色，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)國(guó)家在太空探索方面的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力代表了它的國(guó)家力量。 最近，關(guān)于是否應(yīng)該向太空旅行分配財(cái)政資金，引起了激烈的辯論。 這場(chǎng)辯論將人們分為兩個(gè)持不同意見(jiàn)的陣營(yíng)，就我而言，探索外層空間具有重大意義，應(yīng)得到政府的資助。 我的理由和例子如下。
由于開(kāi)頭涉及到兩個(gè)元素而本題只有一個(gè)元素，所以在改寫(xiě)的時(shí)候我們要去掉一個(gè)，同時(shí)也要去掉所有關(guān)于比較的部分，比如第一句我們?nèi)サ袅?the former and the the latter，而后面我們也去掉了有 than 以及 er 的表達(dá)。
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