老托福閱讀100解析資料匯總
托福閱讀100篇的文章內(nèi)容，也是大家日常備考中，練習(xí)的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容，這些文章的練習(xí)，有助于大家更好的提高閱讀水平。那么在具體的對(duì)于備考中，到底這部分的內(nèi)容是什么，大家如何更好的練習(xí)這些內(nèi)容呢?下面小編為大家整理了詳細(xì)的內(nèi)容，供大家參考!
老托福閱讀100解析資料匯總
Perhaps one of the most dramatic andimportant changes that took place in the Mesozoic era occurred late in thatera, among the small organisms that populate the uppermost, sunlit portion ofthe oceans the plankton. The term "plankton" is a broad one,designating all of the small plants and animals that float about or weaklypropel themselves through the sea. In the late stages of the Mesozoic era,during the Cretaceous period, there was a great expansion of plankton thatprecipitated skeletons or shells composed of two types of mineral: silica andcalcium carbonate.
This development radically changed the typesof sediments that accumulated on the seafloor, because, while the organic partsof the plankton decayed after the organisms died, their mineralized skeletonsoften survived and sank to the bottom. For the first time in the Earth's longhistory, very large quantities of silica skeletons, which would eventuallyharden into rock, began to pile up in parts of the deep sea. Thick deposits ofcalcareous ooze made up of the tiny remains of the calcium carbonate-secretingplankton also accumulated as never before. The famous white chalk cliffs ofDover, in the southeast of England, are just one example of the huge quantitiesof such material that amassed during the Cretaceous period; there are manymore. Just why the calcareous plankton were so prolific during the latter partof the Cretaceous period is not fully understood. Such massive amounts ofchalky sediments have never since been deposited over a comparable period oftime.
Thehigh biological productivity of the Cretaceous oceans also led to idealconditions for oil accumulation. Oil is formed when organic material trapped insediments is slowly buried and subjected to increased temperatures andpressures, transforming it into petroleum. Sediments rich in organic materialaccumulated along the margins of the Tethys Seaway, the tropical east-westocean that formed when Earth's single landmass (known as Pangaea) split apartduring the Mesozoic era. Many of today's important oil fields are found inthose sediments in Russia, the Middle East, the Gulf of Mexico, and in thestates of Texas and Louisiana in the United States.
托福閱讀文章類型有哪幾類
學(xué)術(shù)性文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
在學(xué)術(shù)性文章中一般需要具備三個(gè)組成部分：
(1)Topic 話題即文章的主角是什么，比如講解某個(gè)科學(xué)理論、研究某種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，探討某個(gè)歷史事件;在托福文章中這種導(dǎo)入性信息往往出現(xiàn)在篇首位置，考生可以根據(jù)篇首段信息對(duì)整篇文章所要討論的核心內(nèi)容有一個(gè)大體的了解。
(2)Aspects 方面：即將篇首的話題延伸拓展為若干個(gè)方面進(jìn)行闡述說明。若話題為某個(gè)科學(xué)論點(diǎn)則方面可能分為若干個(gè)支持論據(jù)，若話題為某種自然現(xiàn)象則方面可能分為若干個(gè)內(nèi)外成因，若話題為某個(gè)歷史事件這方面為幾段發(fā)展時(shí)期，在托福閱讀文章中往往依照各個(gè)方面之間的層次關(guān)系，將各個(gè)方面拆分為若干個(gè)獨(dú)立的自然段落共同組成行文主體。
(3)Attitude態(tài)度即文章的作者對(duì)于所討論話題持怎樣的態(tài)度，或是積極肯定、或是消極否定、或是保持中立，在托福閱讀文章中態(tài)度往往是被較多的淡化甚至有可能省略不提。
Topic話題 +Aspects方面 + Attitude態(tài)度這三要素加起來就是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)學(xué)術(shù)論文體的"T+A+A篇章結(jié)構(gòu)"，托福文章大都遵循這種結(jié)構(gòu)這就可以通過篇首段落信息來把控整個(gè)文章話題及大致的討論方向，再抓住文章的各個(gè)段落的主旨就可以了解到整個(gè)文章的脈絡(luò)和文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)。
學(xué)術(shù)性文章的段落結(jié)構(gòu)
學(xué)術(shù)性文章的自然段落一般需要具備兩個(gè)組成部分：
(1) Topic Sentence 主旨句：表達(dá)段落的主旨即本段想要表達(dá)的核心內(nèi)容是什么。
(2) Detail 細(xì)節(jié)：為了詳細(xì)說明段落中心含義，所羅列的相關(guān)支持內(nèi)容即本段通過哪些例證來闡明主旨句。
Topic Sentence主旨句 + Detail細(xì)節(jié)這兩個(gè)要素加起來就是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)學(xué)術(shù)論文體的"TS+D段落結(jié)構(gòu)"，托福文章段落遵循這種結(jié)構(gòu)就可以通過段落的主旨句把握該段的中心含義了。
托福閱讀文章來源的15個(gè)網(wǎng)站
《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》The New York Times:
//www.nytimes-se.com
《紐約客》The New Yorker:
//www.newyorker.com
《泰晤士報(bào)》 Times:
//www.thetimes.co.uk
《衛(wèi)報(bào)》 The Guardian:
//www.guardian.co.uk
《觀察家報(bào)》 The Observer:
//www.observer.co.uk
《星期日?qǐng)?bào)》The Sunday Times:
//www.sunday-times.co.uk
《每日快報(bào)》 The Daily Express:
//www.express.co.uk
《每日郵報(bào)》 The Daily Mail:
//www.dailymail.co.uk
《世界新聞報(bào)》 The News of the World:
//www.newsoftheworld.co.uk
《國(guó)家地理》National Geographic:
//www.nationalgeographic.com/
《大西洋月刊》The Atlantic Monthly:
//www.theatlantic.com/
《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》The Economist
//www.economist.com
《新政治家》The New Statesman:
//www.newstatesman.co.uk/
《泰晤士報(bào)文學(xué)增刊》The Times Literary Supplement:
//www.the-tls.co.uk/
《高等教育紀(jì)事報(bào)》The Chronicle of Higher Education:
//www.chronicle.com/
托福閱讀詞匯題的答題技巧
一.托福閱讀詞匯題答題技巧
1.在文章中定位到陰影標(biāo)識(shí)的單詞或短語。
2.仔細(xì)閱讀該詞或短語所在句子。
3.在句子中尋找可以幫助理解陰影標(biāo)識(shí)的單詞或短語的具體意思的線索。
4.選擇答案，并將所選擇的單詞或短語放入原文進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)，以確認(rèn)這個(gè)句子在全文中仍是有意義的。
提醒考生注意，選擇答案時(shí)，不要僅僅因?yàn)槟硞€(gè)選項(xiàng)符合該單詞的某一個(gè)正確意思就將其作為正確選項(xiàng);題目考察的是作者在文章上下文中使用了那一個(gè)詞義。
二.遇到迷惑性選項(xiàng)怎么辦
在托福考試中，無法通過上下文和詞綴詞根來猜詞的題目不在少數(shù)。
A flood of ice would then surge into the Southern Sea. With the continued rise in sea level, more ice would plunge into the ocean, causing sea levels to rise even higher, which in turn would release more ice and set in motion a vicious cycle. (A) drop?(B) extend (C) melt (D) drift。
首先在我們不認(rèn)識(shí)“plunge”這個(gè)詞的前提下，我們會(huì)嘗試著看plunge所在的句子，通過句子不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，句子告訴我們“隨著海平面的上升，更多的冰將要plunge到海里”，此時(shí)，有一個(gè)極具迷惑性的選項(xiàng)C：melt。
因?yàn)橥ㄟ^上下文，melt(融化)是最搭配ice的，符合語境的。并且，plunge這個(gè)詞并不含有顯而易見的“詞綴”和“詞根”，所以，通過詞根詞綴猜詞的想法也無法實(shí)現(xiàn)了。正確答案卻是A：drop，因?yàn)閜lunge是“投入;突然下降”的意思，和drop是同義替換關(guān)系，因此選A。
三.多刷題
接下來需要研究的就是要如何有針對(duì)性的提高單詞量來提高詞匯題正確率。最先需要做的一件事情是將目前的真題里面所有的詞匯題做一遍，總結(jié)錯(cuò)題和生僻詞匯。當(dāng)你在大量做題時(shí)，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)現(xiàn)象：詞匯題有很多重復(fù)的詞匯在反復(fù)地被考查著。
例如：
1.Lichens helped to speed the decomposition of the hard rock surfaces, preparing a soft bed of soil that was abundantly supplied with minerals that had been carried in the molten rock from the bowels of Earth.
A.occasionally
B.plentifully
C.usefully
D.fortunately
2.By far the most abundant form of geothermal energy occurs at the relatively low temperatures of 80°to 180°centigrade.
A.economical
B.familiar
C.plentiful
D.useful
不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，兩個(gè)題目中考查的單詞分別是“abundantly”和“abundant”，我們可以認(rèn)為這樣的詞匯就算做是重復(fù)考查的對(duì)象了,所選擇的選項(xiàng)也是“plentfifully”和“plentiful”。
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