如何準(zhǔn)確推斷英語詞義

　　閱讀理解題型在高考試題中所占比例最大，在閱讀理解測試中，必然要考查對(duì)詞或詞組意思的理解。接下來，小編給大家準(zhǔn)備了如何準(zhǔn)確推斷英語詞義,歡迎大家參考與借鑒。

　　如何準(zhǔn)確推斷英語詞義

　　試題越來越重視對(duì)理解能力的考查，生詞的分布范圍越來越廣，不僅在閱讀理解、完型填空，甚至在單選題中，也出現(xiàn)了生詞，而且生詞量逐年有所增加。我們平時(shí)閱讀時(shí)，不可避免地會(huì)遇到一些生詞、熟詞的新義和由熟悉的單詞組成的有新含義的短語，要正確理解其含義，尤其是對(duì)詞組的理解切不可望文生義。那么如何根據(jù)短文已知信息快速準(zhǔn)確地推斷出生詞的含義就顯得尤為重要。

　　常用猜詞方法

　　1.根據(jù)定義或解釋說明進(jìn)行推斷

　　常見的一種情況是生詞的后面，用逗號(hào)、引號(hào)、或破折號(hào)引出對(duì)該詞的定義或解釋。另一種情況是在be，mean，that is(to say)或be called等詞出現(xiàn)的句子中，生詞是被解釋說明的表語，或是用來下定義的主語。

　　1)A surgeon is a doctor who cuts open the body of his patients and does operations.

　　根據(jù)句中的解釋，不難推斷出

　　surgeon的含義為“外科醫(yī)生”。

　　2)The new edifice，a twenty-four-story building，was completed last month.

　　從后文的解釋a twenty-four-story building可以推斷出edifice的含義為“高大的建筑物”。

　　2.根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法進(jìn)行推斷

　　英語中主要構(gòu)詞法有三種：

　　轉(zhuǎn)化——由一個(gè)詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一個(gè)詞類

　　派生——通過加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成另一個(gè)詞

　　合成——由兩個(gè)或更多的詞合成一個(gè)詞

　　1)He insisted on staying up to nurse the child.

　　名詞nurse轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞，可以推出含義為“護(hù)理”。

　　2)Mr.Brown is a specialist in Chinese disease.

　　由構(gòu)詞知識(shí)可分析出specialist的詞根是special，意為“特別的，特殊的”，“-ist”是名詞后綴，表示“…專業(yè)人員”，由此可以推出specialist意為“專家”。

　　在日常的閱讀中，要注意積累一些常用的詞根及前后綴。美國最暢銷書之一《如何增進(jìn)你的詞匯能力》就把詞根譽(yù)為“打開詞匯寶庫的第一把鑰匙”，前綴后綴“是打開詞匯寶庫的第二和第三把鑰匙”。

　　3)Now all the fishing boats are radio-equipped.

　　由radio和equip這兩個(gè)詞合成了一個(gè)新詞radio-equipped，推出radio-equipped的含義為“裝備了無線電的”。

　　3.根據(jù)常識(shí)或經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行推斷

　　My legs are sore from running the race.

　　根據(jù)我們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，跑完步以后腿會(huì)感覺“酸疼”，就可推斷出sore的含義。

　　4.根據(jù)文中特定的情景或上下文進(jìn)行推斷

　　這是我們經(jīng)常使用的一種方法。根據(jù)文章的描述或文章中常出現(xiàn)的上下文關(guān)系進(jìn)行推斷。文中常出現(xiàn)的上下文關(guān)系有對(duì)比、轉(zhuǎn)折、反義、因果、同等或同義等。

　　1)Though Jack's face has been washed quite clean，his neck still remains1 grubby.我們可以通過前句“盡管湯姆的臉已洗得干干凈凈，推斷出他的脖子還是”臟的“。此處用的就是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。表示對(duì)比或轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的常用連詞或副詞有：but，though，although，still，yet，however，instead，while，on the other hand.等。

　　2)The river is so turbid2 that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.通過因果關(guān)系，我們可以推斷出劃線部分的含義為“渾濁的”。表示因果關(guān)系的常用詞有：because，as，so，so..that，such…that.等。

　　3)In the ancient city of Rome，we visited every mansion，church，battle site，theatre and other public halls.根據(jù)上下文，推出劃線詞與church，battle site，theatre等屬于同等范圍，詞性為名詞，其含義應(yīng)屬于”建筑物“的范疇。表示同等關(guān)系的詞常用and或or.

　　4)Zhou Bing has helped at least 500 people bitten by snakes.“It was seeing people with snake bites that led me to this career，”he said.

　　In 1972，after his army service，Zhou entered medical school and later became a doctor of Chinese medicine.As part of his studies，he had to work in the mountains.There he often heard of people who had their arms and legs cut off after a snake bite in order to save their lives.

　　根據(jù)上下文的描述，推出劃線詞的含義為”職業(yè)“。

　　■常見題型表達(dá)方式

　　1.Which of the following words can take the place of the word____in Para…

　　2.The expression“…”in line… is closest in meaning to_____

　　3.In line…，the word“…”means______

　　4.In line…，the word“…”can best be replaced by______

　　5.By“…”，the author means______

　　6.The word/phrase“…”as used by the author，means most nearly______-

　　7.In this passage，the word/phrase“…”means______

　　8.“…”，as used in the passage，can best be defined as______

　　9.The underlined word in the … paragraph means_____

　　10.“…”in the passage stands for_______

　　■請(qǐng)推斷下列句子或短文中劃線部分的詞義，然后借助詞典檢驗(yàn)?zāi)愕牟聹y是否正確

　　1.If you agree，write“yes”;if you dissent，write “no”.

　　2.Mrs.Blake left her five children with me while she shopped.I could not get anything done with the children on my hands.

　　3.She was getting impatient at having to wait so long.

　　4.Coin collecting is interesting，but you find a valuable coin only once in a blue moon.

　　5.The new edifice，a twenty-four-story building was completed last year.

　　6.At the age of sixty-six，Harland Sanders had to auction3 off everything he owned in order to pay his debts.Once a successful proprietor4 of a restaurant，Sanders saw his business suffer from the construction of a new freeway that bypassed his establishment and rerouted the traffic that had formerly5 passed.

　　7.The Internet has led to a huge increase in credit-card fraud.Your card information could even be sale in an illegal Web site.

　　Credit-card firms are now fighting against on-line fraud.MasterCard is working on plans for Web-only credit card，with a lower credit limit.The card could be used only for shopping on-line.

　　8.The modern age of medicine began with the stethoscope，an instrument for listening to a patient's heartbeat and breathing.