英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法倒裝句的知識(shí)點(diǎn)(2)
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法倒裝句講解
英語(yǔ)最基本的語(yǔ)序是主語(yǔ)在前，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在后。但有時(shí)由于句子結(jié)構(gòu)的需要或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，就要采用倒裝形式。將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞完全移到主語(yǔ)之前稱為完全倒裝，只將助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放到主語(yǔ)之前稱為部分倒裝。強(qiáng)調(diào)性倒裝和以so, neither, nor開(kāi)頭的句子是高考例題的熱點(diǎn)。
(一)倒裝句的意義
1、適應(yīng)一定的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要，主要是指疑問(wèn)句句型結(jié)構(gòu)的需要。
e.g. May I come in?
Was the People's Liberation Army founded in 1927?
2、為了強(qiáng)調(diào)某一部分，而把這部分放到句首，構(gòu)成倒裝。
e.g. Never have I been late for school this term.
So early did he come to school that no other students came.
(二)倒裝的使用情況
1、在 “there be” 結(jié)構(gòu)里，there是引導(dǎo)詞，主語(yǔ)在be后。
e.g. There is a box on the table.
2、在疑問(wèn)句中。
e.g. Is she singing in the classroom?
What does your mother do?
3、在here, there等副詞開(kāi)頭的某些句子里(要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài))。如果主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞，主語(yǔ)和主要?jiǎng)釉~的詞序不變。(完全倒裝)
e.g. There goes the bell.
Here is an apple for you.
There she comes.
4、重復(fù)倒裝句型，用在以so, nor, neither開(kāi)頭，表示謂語(yǔ)所述的情況也適用于另一個(gè)人或一事物的肯定或否定句中。so用于肯定句，表示“也一樣”、“也這樣”;nor, neither用于否定句，表示“同樣也不，也不這樣”。
e.g. I am watching TV. So is she.
My parents didn't watch TV last night. Neither (Nor) did I.
5、直接引語(yǔ)的全部或一部分放在句首時(shí)，主句中的主謂也常直接倒裝。(完全倒裝)
e.g. “Very well,” said the French student.
“Bring me two eggs and a cup of tea, please.” said he.
6、在以never, little, hardly, not only, few, not, seldom等否定副詞開(kāi)頭的句子中，采用部分倒裝。如不放在句首就不要倒裝。
e.g. Little did he say at the meeting.
Never shall I forget the day when I joined the Army.
比較：I shall never forget the day when I joined the Army.
7、用于以only所修飾的副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句的句子中。倒裝句講解
e.g. Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to wrk.
Only in this way can we learn English well.
注意：如果only后的詞組不是狀語(yǔ)，不需倒裝。
e.g. Only Wang Lili knows this.
8、為了表達(dá)生動(dòng)，有時(shí)把表地點(diǎn)、方位的副詞，如 up, down, out, away, in等放在句首，同時(shí)把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)之前。若主語(yǔ)為人稱代詞，主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的位置不變，只將副詞放在句首。(完全倒裝)
e.g. Away hurried the boy.
Out rushed the girl.
9、在虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)中，條件從句的謂語(yǔ)含有were, had 和should這三個(gè)詞是，可省去if，將這些詞移至主語(yǔ)之前。
e.g. Had I time (= If I had time), I would go and help you.
Were I you (= If I were you), I would go abroad.
Should he come (=If he should come), tell him to ring me up.
10、as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)要倒裝(形容詞/ 副詞/ 名詞/ 動(dòng)詞 + as + 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ))。
e.g. Proud as they are, they are afraid to see me.
Child as he is, he seems to know everything.(child前不加冠詞)
Hard as he worded, he made little progress.
11、用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。
e.g. May you succeed!
Long live the People's Republic of China!
12、So + 形容詞、副詞及such 置于句首時(shí)要倒裝。
So happy did he feel. Such was me.
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