賓語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別

　　英語中，賓語從句，定語從句一直是一個比較難區(qū)分的英語語法。下面就跟著學(xué)習(xí)啦小編一起來看看吧。

　　賓語從句

　　(一) 賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語.賓語從句常由that引導(dǎo),在口語中常省略.當(dāng)主句中謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r態(tài)時,從句中謂語動詞不受主句中謂語動詞時態(tài)的 影響,按需要可以使用任何時態(tài).如：She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday.她說她從周一至周五上班.(從句是一般現(xiàn)在時) She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.她說她要在他桌子上留個便條.(從句是一般將來時) She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei.她說她從來沒有去過峨眉山.(從句是現(xiàn)在完成時) 當(dāng)主句謂語是過去時態(tài),從句中的時態(tài)一般用表示過去的某種時態(tài).如：He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.他說昨天下午沒有課.(從句是一般過去時) He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby.他說他會去照看這個嬰兒.(從句是過去將來時) He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time.他說他們那時正在開會.(從句是過去進行時) *當(dāng)主句謂語是過去時態(tài),而賓語從句敘述某一客觀真理(事實)時,賓語從句的時態(tài)則用一般現(xiàn)在時.如：The teacher told us(that) nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.老師告訴我們世上無難事只怕有心人.She said (that) her father is twenty-eight years older than her.她說她父親比她大二十八歲.He said that light travels much faster than sound.他說光傳播比聲音傳播快得多.

　　(二) 由連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句.引出名詞性從句的連詞whether和if,在引出賓語從句時,用法和意義相同.但是只能引出賓語從句和不在句首的主語從句,而whether除了引出賓語從句外,還可引出主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句.例如：We don't know whether (if) it is right.我們不知道它是否正確.The question is whether she should do that.問題在于她是否應(yīng)該做那件事.Whether it is true remains a question.是真是假還是個問題.試比較：當(dāng)if從句處在主句之后作“是否”講時,引出的是賓語從句.例如：I don't know if it is true.我不知道這事是否真實.當(dāng)if從句在主句之前作“如果”講,則引出狀語從句.例如：I shall go there if I have time.如果我有時間,我將到那兒去.

　　定語從句

(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定語,修飾一個名詞或代詞,被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞.定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后,由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出.

　　關(guān)系代詞有：who,whom,whose,that,which等.

　　關(guān)系副詞有：when,where,why等.

　　關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,并在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分.關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時,從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致.

　　1)who,whom,that

　　這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下：

　　Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

　　他就是你想見的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語)

　　He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

　　他就是我昨天見的那個人.(whom/that在從句中作賓語)

　　2) Whose 用來指人或物,(只用作定語,若指物,它還可以同of which互換),例如：

　　They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙.

　　Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.請遞給我那本綠皮的書.

　　3)which,that

　　它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等,例如：

　　A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮.(which / that在句中作主語)

　　The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了.(which / that在句中作賓語)

　　關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語.

　　1)when,where,why

　　關(guān)系副詞when,where,why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu),因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用,例如：

　　There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時候.

　　Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地.

　　Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?

　　2)that代替關(guān)系副詞

　　that可以用于表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞后取代when,where,why和"介詞+ which"引導(dǎo)的定語從句,在口語中that常被省略,例如：

　　His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父親在他出生那年逝世了.

　　He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方.
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