賓語從句的用法

　　賓語從句是名詞性從句的一種。在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語，位于及物動詞、介詞或復(fù)合謂語之后的從句稱為賓語從句。那么你知道賓語從句的用法嗎?下面跟著學(xué)習(xí)啦小編學(xué)習(xí)一下吧。

　　一、賓語從句的連接詞

　　從屬連詞

　　連接賓語從句的從屬連詞主要有that,if,whether.

　　that引導(dǎo)表示陳述句的賓語從句,而if和whether引導(dǎo)表示“是否”的賓語從句.

　　He told me that he would go to the college the next year

　　他告訴我他明年上大學(xué).

　　I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.

　　我不知道是否還會有公交車.

　　Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.

　　沒人知道他是否會通過考試.

　　連接代詞

　　連接代詞主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.

　　連接代詞一般指疑問,但what, whatever除了指疑問外,也可以指陳述.

　　Do you know who has won Red Alert game?

　　你知道是誰贏得了紅色警報的游戲?

　　The book will show you what the best CEOs know.

　　這本書會告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解些什么.

　　Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?

　　你決定好是買諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的電話了嗎?

　　連接副詞

　　連接副詞主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.

　　He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.

　　他沒有告訴我什么時候我們能再見面.

　　Could you please tell me how you read the new panel?

　　你能告訴我怎么用這個新的操作盤嗎?

　　None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.

　　沒有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪里買到.

　　二、動詞的賓語從句

　　大多數(shù)動詞都可以帶賓語從句

　　We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.

　　我們都預(yù)料他們會贏,因為他們的隊員更強(qiáng)壯.

　　He told us that they would help us though the whole work.

　　他告訴我們在整個工作中,他都會幫忙的.

　　部分“動詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)也可以帶賓語從句

　　I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.

　　我發(fā)現(xiàn)這場音樂會的所有票都賣光了.

　　Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?

　　你能計算出這次旅行我們將花費(fèi)多少錢嗎?

　　動詞短語也可以帶賓語從句

　　常見的這些詞有:

　　make sure確保 make up one’s mind下決心 keep in mind牢記

　　Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.

　　在上交試卷前確保沒有任何錯誤.

　　可運(yùn)用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句

　?、賱釉~find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語的時候,則需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置.

　　I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .

　　我認(rèn)為每天多喝開水是有必要的.

　　I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.

　　我沒去聚會,感覺非常遺憾.

　　I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.

　　我每天寫日記成了習(xí)慣.

　　We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater.

　　我們都認(rèn)為對這件事馬上做出決定很重要.

　　②有些動詞帶賓語從句時需要在賓語與從句前加it

　　這類動詞主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.

　　I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.

　　我討厭他們滿嘴食物時說話.

　　He will have it that our plan is really practical.

　　他會認(rèn)為我們的計劃確實可行.

　　We take it that you will agree with us.

　　我們認(rèn)為你會同意我們的.

　　When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.

　　開啟發(fā)動機(jī)時, 一定要使汽車的離合器處于空擋位置.

　?、廴糍e語從句是wh-類,則不可用it代替

　　We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.

　　我們都認(rèn)為你所說的是不可信的.

　　We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.

　　我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們所學(xué)到的東西都是有用的.

　　三、介詞的賓語從句

　　用wh-類的介詞賓語從句

　　We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.

　　我們正在討論是否讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂部.

　　The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.

　　這本新書是關(guān)于神州6號載人航天飛船是如何升入太空的.

　　用that,if引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語從句

　　有時候except,but,besides三個介詞后可見到that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句

　　I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.

　　對于我的新鄰居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一無所知.

　　四、形容詞的賓語從句

　　常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句的形容詞有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised

　　I am sure I will pass the exam.

　　我確信我會通過考試.

　　I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.

　　很抱歉我這么長時間在打擾你.

　　He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.

　　他很高興在他生病的時候李明能去看望他.

　　五、if,whether在賓語從句中的區(qū)別

　　① if和whether在作“是否”解時,引導(dǎo)賓語從句常放在動詞know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介詞后一般不用if

　?、?少數(shù)動詞,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的賓語從句常用whether.

　?、?whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.

　?、?在不定式前只能用whether.

　　(如：I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能決定是否留下。)

　?、?避免歧異時,我們常用whether而不用if.

　　六、哪些賓語從句不可以省略引導(dǎo)詞that

　　當(dāng)that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動詞的賓語時;

　　當(dāng)賓語從句較長時;

　　當(dāng)主語狀語置于主句尾,賓語從句之前時;

　　當(dāng)主語謂語動詞(包括非謂語動詞)與賓語從句之間有插入語時;

　　當(dāng)一個動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時,此時第一個that可以省略,第二個that不可以省略;

　　當(dāng)賓語從句中的主語是this,that或this,that做主語的定語時;

　　當(dāng)賓語從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時;

　　當(dāng)賓語從句的主語是非謂語動詞或主語從句時;

　　當(dāng)主語中的謂語動詞是固定詞組時;

　　當(dāng)賓語從句有it做其先行詞時;

　　在直接引語中,轉(zhuǎn)述分句把賓語從句隔開時.

　　七、賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移

　　主句的謂語動詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時,從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來,其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致.

　　I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能說成I think he won’t come to my party.

　　我認(rèn)為他不會來我的舞會.

　　I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?

　　我認(rèn)為那個人不是Jim所殺的,是不是?

　　如果賓語從句中有某個含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞,其反義疑問句要用肯定形式.

　　We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?

　　我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他從來不仔細(xì)聽老師講課,是不是?

　　八、賓語從句的時態(tài)和語序

　　當(dāng)主句為現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r,賓語從句的時態(tài)一般不受主句的時態(tài)所影響.

　　當(dāng)主句為過去時

　?、購木溆靡话氵^去時或過去進(jìn)行時表示與主句謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生

　　I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didn’t know what country he was in.

　　我只知道他當(dāng)時在西方的一個國家讀書,可不知道是哪個國家.

　　He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.

　　他問我他進(jìn)來的時候我是否正在讀<<老人與海>>.

　?、趶木溥^去完成時表示該動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前

　　He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.

　　他告訴我他已經(jīng)把有關(guān)會議的事情告訴的了Mary.

　?、蹚木渲^語用過去將來時表示該動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之后

　　The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.

　　記者問政府是否會采取必要的措施鎮(zhèn)壓騷亂.

　　如果從句是一個客觀真理,那么從句的時態(tài)不根據(jù)主句的時態(tài)而變化

　　The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.

　　老師昨天說月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn).

　　當(dāng)賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑問時,不能按正常語序安排,經(jīng)常將這類引導(dǎo)詞置于句首

　　Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?

　　你認(rèn)為今年公眾會選誰為他們最喜歡的歌手.