英語里什么是分詞

　　分詞具有動(dòng)詞及形容詞二者特征的詞;尤指以-ing或-ed,-d,-t,-en或-n結(jié)尾的英語動(dòng)詞性形容詞,具有形容詞功能,同時(shí)又表現(xiàn)各種動(dòng)詞性特點(diǎn),如時(shí)態(tài),語態(tài)、帶狀語性修飾語的性能及帶賓詞的性能。

　　現(xiàn)在分詞的用法

　　1) 做表語：

　　He was very amused.

　　That book was rather boring.

　　很多動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞都可以作表語：

　　exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling.

　　2) 作定語：

　　上面所出現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)在分詞都可以用作定語, 修飾一個(gè)名詞：

　　That must have been a terrifying experience.

　　I found him a charming person.

　　現(xiàn)在分詞短語還可以放在名詞的后面修飾名詞, 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句：

　　There are a few boys swimming in the river.

　　There is a car waiting outside.

　　3) 作狀語：

　　現(xiàn)在分詞短語可以表示一個(gè)同時(shí)發(fā)生的次要的或伴隨的動(dòng)作：

　　Following Tom, we started to climb the mountain.

　　Opening the drawer, he took out a box.

　　Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door.

　　現(xiàn)在分詞短語還可以表示原因, 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語從句：

　　Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.

　　Being unemployed, he hasn’t got much money.

　　現(xiàn)在分詞短語還可以表示時(shí)間, 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句：

　　Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.

　　Returning home, he began to do his homework.

　　Jim hurt his arm while playing tennis.

　　Be careful when crossing the road.

　　Having found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner.

　　Having finished her work, she went home.

　　4)作賓補(bǔ)：

　　現(xiàn)在分詞在一些動(dòng)詞之后可以做賓語的補(bǔ)語：

　　例如, see, hear, catch, find, keep , have 等.

　　I see him passing my house every day.

　　I caught him stealing things in that shop.

　　I smelt something burning.

　　She kept him working all day.