有關(guān)初中英語美文摘抄精選
有關(guān)初中英語美文摘抄精選
所謂美文,就是人類文化中最佳的文章。它們都是經(jīng)過時間考驗,千錘百煉的經(jīng)典著作,思想內(nèi)容深刻,藝術(shù)性高超,可以作為典范文章傳之后世的。本文是有關(guān)初中英語美文，希望對大家有幫助!
有關(guān)初中英語美文：Botany
Botany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. For many thousands of years it was the one field of awareness about which humans had anything more than the vaguest of insights. It is impossible to know today just what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but form what we can observe of pre-industrial societies that still exist a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. This is logical. Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things even for other plants. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, medicines, shelter, and a great many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungles of the Amazon recognize literally hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them, botany, as such, has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of “ knowledge” at all.
Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild- and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.
植物學(xué)
植物學(xué)，即對植物的研究，在人類知識的歷史中占據(jù)了特殊的地位。這是人類幾千年來超越模糊的認(rèn)知而真正有所了解的領(lǐng)域之一。
我們今天不可能知道新石器時代的祖先們對植物到底了解多少，但我們在至今仍存在的前工業(yè)化社會觀察到：人類對植物及其特性的詳細(xì)了解應(yīng)該是非常古老的。
這是理所當(dāng)然的。植物是其他生物甚至其他植物食物金字塔的基礎(chǔ)。它們對人們的生活至關(guān)重要，不僅在食物上，而且在衣物、武器、工具、染料、藥物、住所和許許多多其他的用途上。至今仍生活在亞馬遜河叢林中的部落確實(shí)能夠辨識幾百種植物并知道每一種的許多特性。
對他們來說，植物學(xué)沒有專門的名稱，甚至可能根本未被認(rèn)為是一種專門知識。不幸的是，工業(yè)化的程度越高，我們距直接與植物接觸就越遠(yuǎn)，我們的植物學(xué)知識的增加也就越微不足道。然而每個人在不知不覺中擁有大量的植物學(xué)知識，很少有人認(rèn)不出玫瑰、蘋果或蘭花。
大約一萬年前居住在中東的新時代的祖先們發(fā)現(xiàn)某些草能被收獲，它們的種子下一季耕種會收獲更多時，人類就邁出了人和植物之間的新關(guān)系第一大步。
谷子被發(fā)現(xiàn)后，農(nóng)業(yè)的奇跡從此誕生：這就是可栽培的谷物。從那時起，人類越來越依賴少數(shù)可控制的作物生存，而不再是從眾多的野生種類中這里獲取一點(diǎn)，那里獲取一點(diǎn)。這樣在千萬年中對于野生植物的經(jīng)驗和密切聯(lián)系中積累起來的知識就開始消失了。
有關(guān)初中英語美文：British Columbia
British Columbia is the third largest Canadian provinces, both in area and population. It is nearly 1.5 times as large as Texas, and extends 800 miles(1,280km) north from the United States border. It includes Canada’s entire west coast and the islands just off the coast.
Most of British Columbia is mountainous, with long rugged ranges running north and south. Even the coastal islands are the remains of a mountain range that existed thousands of years ago. During the last Ice Age, this range was scoured by glaciers until most of it was beneath the sea. Its peaks now show as islands scattered along the coast.
The southwestern coastal region has a humid mild marine climate. Sea winds that blow inland from the west are warmed by a current of warm water that flows through the Pacific Ocean. As a result, winter temperatures average above freezing and summers are mild. These warm western winds also carry moisture from the ocean.
Inland from the coast, the winds from the Pacific meet the mountain barriers of the coastal ranges and the Rocky Mountains. As they rise to cross the mountains, the winds are cooled, and their moisture begins to fall as rain. On some of the western slopes almost 200 inches (500cm) of rain fall each year.
More than half of British Columbia is heavily forested. On mountain slopes that receive plentiful rainfall, huge Douglas firs rise in towering columns. These forest giants often grow to be as much as 300 feet(90m) tall, with diameters up to 10 feet(3m). More lumber is produced from these trees than from any other kind of tree in North America. Hemlock, red cedar, and balsam fir are among the other trees found in British Columbia.
英屬哥倫比亞
英屬哥倫比亞是加拿大的第三大省，無論是面積還是人口都是如此。它幾乎是德克薩斯的1.5倍，從美國邊境一直向北延伸了800英里(1，280公里)。它包括了加拿大整個西海岸及附近島嶼。大部分英屬哥倫比亞多山巒。綿長而粗獷的山脈貫通南北。甚至那些沿海的島嶼都是那些存在于千萬年前的山脈的遺跡。在上一個冰河時期，這些山脈被冰河沖刷侵蝕，直到大部分山脈被淹沒在海中。
它們的峰頂顯現(xiàn)為沿著海岸散布的島嶼。西南海岸地區(qū)有著潮濕溫和的海洋性氣候。從太平洋來的溫暖的洋流使得從西吹過內(nèi)陸的海風(fēng)變得溫暖。
因此這兒冬天平均氣溫在零上而且夏天也不會酷熱。這些溫暖的西風(fēng)同樣也從海洋帶來了濕氣。
來自太平洋的、從海岸向內(nèi)陸的風(fēng)遇到海岸山脈和落基山脈這些山脈屏障。當(dāng)氣流升高跨越這些山脈時，風(fēng)的溫度就降低了，風(fēng)中的水分形成降雨。在一些朝西
山坡區(qū)域每年大約有200英寸(500厘米)的降水。大部分英屬哥倫比亞密布著森林。在有充足降水的斜坡，巨大的道格拉斯樅樹高聳入云。
這些森林巨人常常長到高達(dá)300英尺(90米)，直徑粗達(dá)10英尺(3米)。這些樹產(chǎn)出了比北美其他任何樹都多的木材。鐵杉、紅香椿、香脂冷杉樅都是發(fā)現(xiàn)于英屬哥倫比亞的其它樹種。
有關(guān)初中英語美文：Plankton浮游生物.
Scattered through the seas of the world are billions of tons of small plants and animals called plankton. Most of these plants and animals are too small for the human eye to see. They drift about lazily with the currents, providing a basic food for many larger animals.
Plankton has been described as the equivalent of the grasses that grow on the dry land continents, and the comparison is an appropriate one. In potential food value, however, plankton far outweighs that of the land grasses. One scientist has estimated that while grasses of the world produce about 49 billion tons of valuable carbohydrates each year, the sea’s plankton generates more than twice as much.
Despite its enormous food potential, little effect was made until recently to farm plankton as we farm grasses on land. Now marine scientists have at last begun to study this possibility, especially as the sea’s resources loom even more important as a means of feeding an expanding world population.
No one yet has seriously suggested that “ plankton-burgers” may soon become popular around the world. As a possible farmed supplementary food source, however, plankton is gaining considerable interest among marine scientists.
One type of plankton that seems to have great harvest possibilities is a tiny shrimp-like creature called krill. Growing to two or three inches long, krill provides the major food for the great blue whale, the largest animal to ever inhabit the Earth. Realizing that this whale may grow to 100 feet and weigh 150 tons at maturity, it is not surprising that each one devours more than one ton of krill daily.
浮游生物數(shù)十億噸的被稱為"浮游生物"的小動物、植物散布在世界的海洋中。這些小的動、植物大多太小而難以被人眼看到。
它們隨波逐流，為許多較大的動物提供了基本的食物。浮游生物曾被描述為生長在大陸陸地上的各種草類的海洋對應(yīng)物。這種比喻是恰當(dāng)?shù)?。然而就潛在的食物價值而言，浮游生物遠(yuǎn)勝于草類。一位科學(xué)家曾經(jīng)估計，世界上的草類每年生產(chǎn)大約490
億噸有用的碳水化合物，而海洋里的浮游生物每年生產(chǎn)的碳水化合物多于此數(shù)的兩倍。盡管浮游生物具備巨大的食物潛能，但直到最近人們還很少象種植草類
那樣付出努力養(yǎng)殖浮游生物?，F(xiàn)在，海洋科學(xué)家們至少已開始研究這種可能性。全球人口不斷擴(kuò)張，海洋資源作為食品的重要性日益突出。
現(xiàn)在還沒有人認(rèn)真說過"浮游生物漢堡"會很快在世界上流行起來。然而，作為一種可能養(yǎng)殖的補(bǔ)充性食物資源，浮游生物正引起了海洋科學(xué)家們相當(dāng)大的興趣。
一種似乎具有很大收獲可能性的微小的蝦狀浮游生物被稱為鱗蝦。鱗蝦長至2～3英寸長時即成為地球上曾居住過的最大動物--藍(lán)鯨的主要食物。成熟的藍(lán)鯨可以達(dá)到100英尺長，150噸重，所以每頭鯨每天吞食1噸多的鱗蝦一點(diǎn)也不讓人吃驚。
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