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  Wedding in the United States美國(guó)人的婚禮

  Weddings in the United States vary as much as the people do. There are church weddings with a great deal of fanfare; there are weddings on mountaintops with guests barefooted; and there have been weddings on the ocean floor with oxygen tanks for the guests. But many weddings, no matter where or how they are performed,include certain traditional customs.

  美國(guó)的國(guó)土上居住著各種各樣的人,他們的婚禮也千差萬(wàn)別。有熱鬧莊重的教堂婚禮;有在山頂上舉行的婚禮,客人們光著腳陪伴登高;也有在海底舉行的婚禮,客人們戴著氧氣罐跟著入水。但婚禮無(wú)論在哪兒舉行或怎樣舉行,總有某些傳統(tǒng)的風(fēng)俗。

  Before a couple is married, they become engaged. And then invitations are sent to those who live nearby, their close friends and their relatives who live far away. When everything is ready, then comes the most exciting moment.

  在舉行婚禮前先要先訂婚,然后發(fā)放請(qǐng)貼給位在附近的人和好朋友以及遠(yuǎn)方的親戚。當(dāng)一切準(zhǔn)備就緒,就該到最激動(dòng)人心的時(shí)刻了。

  The wedding itself usually lasts between 20 and 40 minutes. The wedding party enters the church while the wedding march is played. The bride carrying a bouquet enters last with her father who will "give her away". The groom enters the church from a side door. When the wedding party is gathered by the altar, the bride and groom exchange vow. It is traditional to use the words "To have and to hold from this day forward, for better, for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health, to love and to cherish, till death do us part". Following the vows, the couple exchange rings. Wearing the wedding ring on the fourth finger of the left hand is an old custom.

  婚禮本身通常進(jìn)行 20至 40分鐘?;槎Y一行人伴著結(jié)婚進(jìn)行曲進(jìn)入教堂。新娘手持一束鮮花和她的父親最后進(jìn)來(lái),父親要把她交給新郎。而新郎則要從側(cè)門(mén)進(jìn)入教堂。當(dāng)婚禮一行人聚集到教堂的祭壇前時(shí),新娘和新郎互相表達(dá)誓言。常用的結(jié)婚誓言是而今而后,不論境遇好壞,家境貧富,生病與否,誓言相親相愛(ài),至死不分離。"宣誓過(guò)后,二人交換戒指。通常把戒指戴在左手無(wú)名指上,這是一個(gè)古老的風(fēng)俗。

  After the ceremony there is often a party, called a "reception" which gives the wedding guests an opportunity to congratulate the newlywed.

  禮儀過(guò)后,通常會(huì)有宴會(huì),叫"喜宴"。宴會(huì)給參加婚禮的人一個(gè)向新婚夫婦祝賀的機(jī)會(huì)。

  The car in which the couple leaves the church is decorated with balloons, streamer and shaving cream. The words "Just Married" are painted on the trunk or back window. The bride and groom run to the car under a shower of rice thrown by the wedding guests. When the couple drives away from the church, friends often chase them in cars, honking and drawing attention to them. And then the couple go on their honeymoon.

  新郎新娘乘坐汽車(chē)離開(kāi)教堂,汽車(chē)上裝飾有氣球,彩色紙帶、刮須膏之類的東西。"新婚燕爾"幾個(gè)字常寫(xiě)在汽車(chē)后的行李箱上或后玻璃窗上。新娘新郎從婚禮客人撇下的雨點(diǎn)般的生大米中跑向汽車(chē)。小兩口兒開(kāi)車(chē)離開(kāi)教堂時(shí),朋友們常常開(kāi)車(chē)追趕他們,不停地按喇叭,引他們注意。然后小兩口兒就接著去度蜜月了。

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  American's Music Taste美國(guó)人的音樂(lè)品味

  James Fenimore Cooper, an early American writer, once said, "The All1eri-cans are almost ignorant of the art of music." If that was once true, you would never know it today. Most Americans -even those without a musical bone in their bodies -have a favorite style of music. Many people enjoy classical and folk music from around the world. But other popular music styles in America were "made in the U.S.A."

  一位美國(guó)早期的作家柯柏曾說(shuō)美國(guó)人對(duì)音樂(lè)藝術(shù)幾乎可以說(shuō)是相當(dāng)?shù)臒o(wú)知。"如采這話曾經(jīng)是事實(shí),今日你絕不會(huì)這么認(rèn)為了。大部份的美國(guó)人,甚至包括那些沒(méi)有音樂(lè)細(xì)胞的人,都有自己喜愛(ài)的音樂(lè)形態(tài)。許多人喜歡世界各國(guó)的古典音樂(lè)和民俗音樂(lè),然而美國(guó)其它的流行音樂(lè)則是"在美國(guó)制造"的。

  The 1950s saw the development of an explosive new music style: rock 'n' roll. Performers like Elvis Presley and songs like Bill Haley's "Rock Around the Clock" made rock music widely popular. This powerful music style addresses issues like love, sex, drugs, politics and death. Often it rebels against the accepted values of society. Rock concerts, featuring loud music and sometimes weird stage acts, have become a major part of American youth culture. Music videos on television have spread the message of rock to the far comers of the globe.

  五零年代見(jiàn)證了一種爆炸性新樂(lè)風(fēng)的發(fā)展:搖滾樂(lè)。像貓王這樣的歌手以及像哈利的這樣的歌,使搖滾音樂(lè)普遍地受到歡迎。這種極具震撼力的音樂(lè)形態(tài)探討了愛(ài)情、性、吸毒、政治及死亡等的主題。它常常叛離社會(huì)所接受的價(jià)值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。標(biāo)榜大聲的音樂(lè)、甚至怪異的舞臺(tái)表演的搖滾音樂(lè)會(huì),已成為美國(guó)年輕人文化主要的一部分。而MTV已將這股搖滾的風(fēng)潮傳到世界最遠(yuǎn)的角落了。

  And the beat goes on. Pop music represents popular styles- like the music of Karen Carpenter -that have wide appeal. "Golden oldies" from the past bring back pleasant memories for many. Rap music, which burst onto the music scene in the 1970s, is actually more like a rhyming chant. Rappers give a strong -sometimes vulgar -message about life in the streets.

  音樂(lè)的節(jié)奏繼續(xù)延伸下去。通俗樂(lè)代表了受大眾喜愛(ài)的音樂(lè)風(fēng)格,像卡朋特兄妹的音樂(lè)即吸引廣大的群眾。這些過(guò)去歲月中的遺留下來(lái)的"黃金老歌為許多人帶來(lái)愉快的回憶。饒舌音樂(lè)在七零年代快速躍上音樂(lè)的舞臺(tái),它事實(shí)上很像是極具節(jié)奏性的唱話。饒舌歌手傳達(dá)出強(qiáng)烈、有時(shí)是低俗的街頭生活信息。

  Americans have always been a religious people, and music has long been a part of their religious experience, as well. From colonial days, hymns and praise songs have enhanced worship. Negro spiritual" such as "Nobody Knows the Trouble I've Seen," reflect hope in God in the midst of suffering. Today's Christian styles fit all rnusical tastes - from country to jazz to pop to rock to rap.

  美國(guó)人一向是相當(dāng)宗教性的民族,而音樂(lè)長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)也是生他們宗教經(jīng)驗(yàn)中的一部份。自殖民時(shí)期開(kāi)始,詩(shī)歌和贊美詩(shī)都日提升了敬拜的層次。像"無(wú)人知道我的困難"這樣的黑人靈歌,反映出苦難中對(duì)上帝的盼望。今天的基督教音樂(lè)包含了各式的樂(lè)風(fēng)——從鄉(xiāng)村、到爵士、到通俗、到搖滾、再到饒舌歌。

  In America, music is a shared experience. People grow up with piano lessons, chorus classes and marching band practices. They can talk about their tastes in music when there isn't anything else to talk about. If James Fenimore Cooper were here today, he would surely have to change his tune.

  在美國(guó),音樂(lè)是一種大家共有的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。人們?cè)阡撉僬n、合唱課程和參與游行樂(lè)隊(duì)的演練經(jīng)驗(yàn)中成長(zhǎng)。當(dāng)無(wú)話可談的時(shí)候,他們就可以談?wù)勛约簩?duì)音樂(lè)的喜好。如采今天柯柏還在世的話,他就得改變他的論調(diào)了。

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  Thanksgiving Day感恩節(jié)的由來(lái)

  Thanksgiving Day is the most truly American of the national holidays in the United Stales and is most closely connected with the earliest history of the country.

  感恩節(jié)是美國(guó)國(guó)定假日中最地道、最美國(guó)式的節(jié)日,而且它和早期美國(guó)歷史最為密切相關(guān)。

  In 1620, the settlers, or Pilgrims, they sailed to America on the May flower, seeking a place where they could have freedom of worship. After a tempestuous two-month voyage they landed at an icy November, what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts.

  1620年,一些朝圣者(或稱為清教徒)乘坐 "五月花"號(hào)船去美國(guó)尋求宗教自由。他們?cè)诤I项嶔ふ垓v了兩個(gè)月之后,終于在酷寒的十一月里,在現(xiàn)在的馬薩諸塞州的普里茅斯登陸。

  During their first winter, over half of the settlers died of starvation or epidemics. Those who survived began sowing in the first spring. All summer long they waited for the harvests with great anxiety, knowing that their lives and the future existence of the colony depended on the coming harvest. Finally the fields produced a yield rich beyond expectations. And therefore it was decided that a day of thanksgiving to the Lord be fixed. Years later, President of the United States proclaimed the fourth Thursday of November as Thanksgiving Day every y-ear The celebration of Thanksgiving Day has been observed on that dale until today.

  在第一個(gè)冬天,半數(shù)以上的移民都死于饑餓和傳染病,活下來(lái)的人們?cè)诘谝粋€(gè)春季開(kāi)始播種。整個(gè)夏天他們都熱切地盼望著豐收的到來(lái),他們深知自己的生存以及殖民地的存在與否都將取決于即將到來(lái)的收成。后來(lái),莊稼獲得了意外的豐收,所以大家決定要選一個(gè)日子來(lái)感謝上帝的恩典。多年以后,美國(guó)總統(tǒng)宣布每年十一月的第四個(gè)星期四為感恩節(jié)。感恩節(jié)反祝活動(dòng)使定在這一天,直到今天。

  The pattern of the Thanksgiving celebration has never changed through the years. The big family dinner is planned months ahead. On the dinner table, people will find apples, oranges, chestnuts, walnuts and grapes. There will be plum pudding, mince pie, other varieties of food and cranberry juice and squash The best and most attractive among them are roast turkey and pumpkin pie. They have been the most traditional and favorite food on Thanksgiving Day throughout the years.

  感恩節(jié)慶祝模式許多年來(lái)從未改變。豐盛的家宴早在幾個(gè)月之前就開(kāi)始著手準(zhǔn)備。人們?cè)诓妥郎峡梢猿缘教O(píng)果、桔子、采子、胡桃和葡萄,還有葡萄干布丁、碎肉餡餅、各種其它食物以及紅莓苔汁和鮮果汁,其中最妙和最吸引人的大菜是烤火雞和南瓜餡餅,這些菜一直是感恩節(jié)中最富于傳統(tǒng)意義和最受人喜愛(ài)的食品。

  Thanksgiving today is, in every sense, a national annual holiday on which Americans of all faiths and backgrounds join in to express their thanks for the year's bounty and reverently ask for continued blessings.

  今天的感恩節(jié)是一個(gè)不折不扣的國(guó)定假日。在這一天,具有各種信仰和各種背景的美國(guó)人,共同為他們一年來(lái)所受到的上蒼的恩典表示感謝,虔誠(chéng)地祈求上帝繼續(xù)賜福。

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