英語簡單句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析
英語簡單句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析
由于漢語與英語形成的背景不同,所以二者在句子結(jié)構(gòu)上存在一定的差異,這種差異可能會對熟悉國語的我們在英語學(xué)習(xí)上帶來一定的麻煩。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編帶來的英語簡單句子結(jié)構(gòu)，歡迎閱讀!
英語簡單句子結(jié)構(gòu)精選
簡單句的五種基本句型
1. 主語+謂語 S+V
2. 主語+謂語+賓語 S+V+O
3. 主語+謂語動詞+賓語+賓補(bǔ) S+V+O+C
4. 主語+謂語+間接賓語(人)+直接賓語(物) S+V+O+O
5. 主語+系動詞+表語 S+LV+P
英語句子當(dāng)中的成分分為： 主、謂、賓、定、狀、補(bǔ) 六類。
賓語：表示動詞的對象、承受者或后果。
定語：用來修飾、限定、說明名詞或代詞的品質(zhì)與特征的。
狀語：句子重要修飾成分，是謂語的另一個附加成分，附加在謂語中心語
補(bǔ)語：起補(bǔ)充說明作用的部分，作用對象是主語和賓語，具有鮮明的定語性描寫或限制性功能。
1. 主語S+謂語Vi(不及物動詞)
I see. I’ll try. Time flies.
He can swim. Who knows? That depends.
Everybody smiled. Water flows.
The children are playing. Tim is sleeping.
She is crying. He is reading. It’s snowing.
該句型中的動詞為不及物，不及物動詞詞義自身完全，不需要賓語補(bǔ)足其意義，但有些動詞詞義必須由一個狀語(不能沒有狀語)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充。
Birds sing beautifully. He reads loudly. He went on holiday.
We go for a walk. They sit under the tree. Your sister dances beautifully. Jim and Tom study together every day. She swims like a fish.
Her lecture lasted an hour. She is studying hard at the university.
There be句型也屬于這一結(jié)構(gòu)。There本身無詞義常弱讀，其后的動詞be具有”存在”之義，所以是一實(shí)意動詞。
There is a telephone in that room. There was a concert last night.
2. 主語S+謂語Vt(及物動詞)+賓語(O)
這里的謂語為及物動詞或者相當(dāng)于一個及物動詞的短語動詞。
2.1 主語+謂語+名詞(代詞)
We love our country. I like music. I saw her.
Jane’s looking after the children. He knows everything. He loves poetry.
2.2 主語+謂語+動名詞
She loves window shopping. I enjoy living here.
Jane’s looking after the children. I prefer standing.
2.3 主語+謂語+不定式
I want to help him. He decided to leave. We’re expecting to see you soon.
I pretended to be cheated. Soon he went to sleep.
2.4 主語+謂語+反身代詞
I can’t express myself in English. Now I’ll introduce myself. I can support myself.
2.5 主語+謂語+that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
I guess we’ll leave now. I don’t think (that) he is right.
I heard that you’re back.
2.6 主語+謂語+連接副(代)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
I don’t know what to do. Do you understand what I mean?
I wonder how old he is. The teacher will explain how to do it.
He forgot who I was. I don’t care what they say.
英語簡單句子結(jié)構(gòu)閱讀
3. 主語S +謂語VT +賓語O +賓補(bǔ)OC
I’ll make you clear.
3.1 主語+謂語+賓語(名詞/代詞)+ 賓補(bǔ)(名詞)
We named our puppy Baby. He was found wounded.
They made him chairman.
常用于這句型的動詞有：appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate.
3.2 主語+謂語+賓語(名詞/代詞)+ 賓補(bǔ)(形容詞)
He painted the wall white. Please keep the room clean and tidy.
He never made me sad. I found the book easy. What made you angry? 常用這句型的動詞：beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn, want, wash, wipe, wish, etc.
3.3 主語+謂語+賓語(名詞/代詞)+賓補(bǔ)(介詞短語Prep Phrase)
She always keeps everything in good order.
What makes you in such a hurry?
3.4 主語+謂語+賓語(名詞/代詞)+賓補(bǔ)(不定時)
I wish you to stay. I persuaded him to give up smoking.
Did he make you cry? The teacher told us to study hard.
I’ll let him go. (不帶to 的動詞不定式go作賓語)
4. 主語S+謂語VT+間接賓語 In O (人)+ 直接賓語 D O (物/事)
I give you help.
4.1 S+ VT + N/Pron + N
I sent him a book. I bought May a book. He brought me a present.
I showed him my passport. I’ll tell you a story. Sissy teaches us English.
She gave me her telephone number. She gave a job to John.
He gave Sandy a pen yesterday. = He gave a pen to Sandy yesterday.
Father made me a kite= Father made a kite for me.
4.2 S+VT+N/Pron+ To/For-phrase
He sent a book to me. He bought a coat for me. They didn’t offer any help to us. 間接賓語前需要加to 的常用動詞有: bring, throw, give, hand, lend, pass, read, sell, send, show, tell, teach, wish, write, refuse, pay, promise, permit, offer, owe, leave, allow, deny, grant, etc.
間接賓語前需要加For的常用動詞有：make, cook, buy, play, sing, bring, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, order, paint, save, spare, etc.
4.3 S+VT+N/Pron+Wh-Clause/Wh-word+infinitive
He show me how to do it. He asked me what he should do.
4.4 S+VT+N/Pron+That-Clause
He told me that the film was great.
英語簡單句子結(jié)構(gòu)學(xué)習(xí)
5. 主語S+謂語V /系動詞lV +表語P/補(bǔ)語
We are Chinese.
除了Be系動詞外，還有一些動詞可以用作系動詞，如：
1) 表示感官的動詞，處于某種狀態(tài)。Feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem, etc. E.g. The boy looks healthy. The roses look very beautiful and smell sweet. This dish tastes very delicious. She appeared calm.
The medicine tastes awful. The report sounds true.
2) 表示轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動詞，狀態(tài)的改變 become, get, grow, turn, go, etc.
E.g. Her face turns red. The machine goes wrong.
The sea is growing calm. Gradually he became silent.
3) 表示延續(xù)的動詞，狀態(tài)的延續(xù) remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest, etc.
E.g. It remains raining these days. They stayed awake to work.
This law holds good. Jenny kept silent.
4) 表示瞬時的動詞come, fall, set, cut, occur, etc.
E.g. Your dream will certainly come true.
表語的功能是表述主語的特征狀態(tài)身份等。它位于聯(lián)系動詞之后，與之構(gòu)成所謂的系表結(jié)構(gòu)。 主+系+名詞(代詞) He is a boy. This is mine. He became king when he was a child. We remain friends. She is beautiful. Are you busy? 主+系+副詞 Class is over. Are you there? Is anybody in?
He is in good health. The show is from seven till ten. They appear out of breath.