高級(jí)英語寫作駁論文
高級(jí)英語寫作駁論文
高級(jí)英語寫作——駁論文，它的寫法你們知道嗎?你們有模板可以參考嗎?下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的高級(jí)英語寫作駁論文，供大家參閱!
高級(jí)英語寫作駁論文
In any academic area or professional field, it is just as important to recognize the limits of our knowledge and understanding as it is to acquire new facts and information.“
Personally, I hold that knowledge knows no bounds, therefore, on realizing this awkwardness, the only thing man should do is to absorb as much new knowledge as he can for the sake of not lagging behind the pacing steps of our world.
但是作者完全是從另外一個(gè)角度去論證,且看下文.
Does recognizing the limits of our knowledge and understanding serve us equally well as acquiring new facts and information, as the speaker asserts?注意這一句經(jīng)典的反問式開頭了,這是最引人注目的.While our everyday experience might lend credence to this assertion, further reflection reveals its fundamental inconsistency with our Western view of how we acquire knowledge. Nevertheless,雖然是原則上不盡同意但還是提出妥協(xié)的辦法,從而顯出作者是critical thinking的,這一點(diǎn)很重要,也是拿分的重頭戲也.a careful and thoughtful definition of knowledge can serve to reconcile the two.
讓我們記一記一些好詞好句：lend credence to this assertion (有足夠的證據(jù))證明這一觀點(diǎn)的正確性;further reflection reveals its fundamental inconsistency with…;Nevertheless, a careful and thoughtful definition of knowledge can serve to reconcile the two.
On the one hand, the speaker"s assertion accords with the everyday experience of working professionals. For example, the sort of "book”knowledge that medical, law, and business students acquire, no matter how extensive, is of little use unless these students also learn to accept the uncertainties and risks inherent in professional practice and in the business world.
Any successful doctor, lawyer, or entrepreneur would undoubtedly agree that new precedents and challenges in their fields compel them to acknowledge the limitations of their knowledge, and that learning to accommodate these limitations is just as important in their professional success as knowledge itself.
在駁論的第一段,作者就舉例子說明知識(shí)的有限性并不一定意味著各行各業(yè)的人就必須汲取其他方面的知識(shí),恰恰相反,對(duì)于醫(yī)生、律師或企業(yè)家來說意識(shí)到了自我知識(shí)的有限,并且尋求方法去適應(yīng)調(diào)和這一有限性反而是必要的.
Moreover, the additional knowledge we gain by collecting more information often diminishes-sometimes to the point where marginal gains turn to marginal losses. Consider, for instance, the collection of financial- investment information. No amount of knowledge can eliminate the uncertainty and risk inherent in financial investing. Also, information overload can result in confusion, which in turn can diminish one"s ability to assimilate information and apply it usefully. Thus, by recognizing the limits of their knowledge, and by accounting for those limits when making decisions, investment advisors can more effectively serve their clients.
作者進(jìn)一步通過金融投資業(yè)信息的贅余的危害性來駁斥原文的觀點(diǎn).
On the other hand, the speaker"s assertion seems self-contradictory, for how can we know the limits of our knowledge until we"ve thoroughly tested those limits through exhaustive empirical observation--that is, by acquiring facts and information. For example, it would be tempting to concede that we can never understand the basic forces that govern all matter in the universe. Yet due to increasingly precise and extensive fact- finding efforts of scientists, we might now be within striking distance of understanding the key laws by which all physical matter behaves. Put another way, the speaker"s assertion flies in the face of悍然不顧,公然違抗the scientific method, whose fundamental tenet is that we humans can truly know only that which we observe. Thus Francis Bacon, who first formulated the method, might assert that the speaker is fundamentally incorrect.
說實(shí)話,我覺得這一段里,作者玩了一個(gè)詭辯的小伎倆：先是指出原文觀點(diǎn)的自相矛盾性,然后引出自己的看法——認(rèn)識(shí)論遠(yuǎn)重要于獲取新的事實(shí)和信息,也就是要“先認(rèn)識(shí)知識(shí)和理解力的局限然后才是攝取新知.”
How can we reconcile our experience in everyday endeavors with the basic assumption underlying the scientific method? Perhaps the answer lies in a distinction between two types of knowledge--one which amounts to a mere collection of observations (i.e., facts and information), the other which is deeper and includes a realization of principles and truths underlying those observations. At this deeper level "knowledge" equals "under- standing": how we interpret, make sense of, and find meaning in the information we collect by way of observation.
作者就上一段提出的問題推出自己的解決方法,即認(rèn)識(shí)到“知識(shí)”分成兩種：純觀察行為所得的信息;萃取之后的經(jīng)過自己消化后的“理解”.但我覺得這里還有待發(fā)揮,估計(jì)是時(shí)間不夠了,倉(cāng)促間收筆吧.沒有很好的說明白.
In the final analysis, evaluating the speaker"s assertion requires that we define "knowledge,"which in turn requires that we address complex epistemological issues best left to philosophers and theologians. Yet perhaps this is the speaker"s point: that we can never truly know either ourselves or the world, and that by recognizing this limitation we set ourselves free to accomplish what no amount of mere information could ever permit.
最后一句玩了復(fù)雜句的構(gòu)句技巧,想搏ets一笑.但我覺得還是總結(jié)的不夠好,沒有說到點(diǎn)子上.其實(shí),我們平實(shí)的寫作大可不必如此玩弄文字,因?yàn)槿绻?dāng)別人都不知道你在說什么的話,一味專心于難句,無異于“喧賓奪主”了.個(gè)人認(rèn)為,作者寫得有點(diǎn)不知所云了.
高級(jí)英語寫作駁論文寫作方法
第一步：樹起靶子(敵論點(diǎn))，有的放矢。
舉例：人們常用“功夫不負(fù)有心人”這句話來勉勵(lì)自己，認(rèn)為做事只要有心，功夫下到，就能成功。殊不知，功夫也會(huì)負(fù)有心人。為什么?因?yàn)?ldquo;功夫不負(fù)有心人”這句話只強(qiáng)調(diào)了人的主觀能動(dòng)性的一面，而忽視了要尊重客觀規(guī)律的一面。(《功夫也負(fù)有心人》開頭)
第二步：正面立論，針鋒相對(duì)。(位置可靈活)
第三步：引據(jù)論證，深入批駁。
(1.現(xiàn)象+危害 2.剖析錯(cuò)誤本質(zhì))
先破后立，或先立后破，或破立結(jié)合。
在結(jié)構(gòu)上可總-分-總式，或并列式展開，或?qū)舆M(jìn)式推進(jìn)，據(jù)情況靈活運(yùn)用。
第四步：收尾照應(yīng)，提出希望。(談做法)
【例文】
“補(bǔ)牢”豈待“亡羊”后
成語“亡羊補(bǔ)牢”眾所周知，大意是丟了羊后，再補(bǔ)好羊圈，尚不算晚。它比喻犯了錯(cuò)誤后，應(yīng)及時(shí)糾正、以彌補(bǔ)損失。(樹起靶子,有的放矢)
然而，我卻認(rèn)為，“補(bǔ)牢”豈待“亡羊”后? (正面立論，針鋒相對(duì))
沒丟“羊”之前，總認(rèn)為“羊圈”固若金湯，萬無一失，高枕無憂。“補(bǔ)牢”的工作嘛，一定得“亡羊”之后才能做，一定得造成了損失了才大吃一驚。這就是某些官僚主義者頭腦中僵化的模式和刻板的邏輯。(破)
既要養(yǎng)“羊”，就得護(hù)“羊”，就得經(jīng)常檢查“羊圈”牢不牢，就得經(jīng)常做修補(bǔ)工作。否則，亡一只兩只“羊”，再補(bǔ)“牢”尚可，若亡一群“羊”或“羊”全部跑光呢?其損失就慘重了，付出的代價(jià)也就太大了。(破立)
看一看發(fā)生在眼前的事實(shí)吧。我國(guó)的森林面積少得可憐，但總要等到大興安嶺的大片森林化為灰燼后，才來懲處官僚主義分子;我國(guó)的科技人才奇缺，但總要等到羅健夫、蔣筑英等中年知識(shí)分子命歸黃泉后，才懂得呼吁全社會(huì)來關(guān)心他們;我國(guó)國(guó)民的文化素質(zhì)和發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家本有差距，但總要等到我國(guó)已形成兩億多文盲的大軍之后，才意識(shí)到教育戰(zhàn)線上存在著危機(jī);培養(yǎng)和造就社會(huì)主義建設(shè)的接班人是一項(xiàng)任務(wù)，但總要等到青少年犯罪率急劇上升后，才擔(dān)憂起思想教育方面存在著隱患來„„“牢”雖然補(bǔ)了，有些正在補(bǔ)，可“羊”亡得何其多，損失何其慘重啊!(破)
從哲學(xué)的高度看，樹立長(zhǎng)期的“補(bǔ)牢”思想，是內(nèi)因，而“亡羊”誠(chéng)然能對(duì)“補(bǔ)牢”工作敲響警鐘，但它畢竟只是外因。如若沒有樹立先“補(bǔ)牢”防“亡羊”的思想，就等于放棄了內(nèi)因的主導(dǎo)作用，這必然會(huì)受到歷史的懲罰!其實(shí)，“亡羊補(bǔ)牢”是損失造成后一種消極的補(bǔ)救辦法，何不防患于未然呢?這正如吃一塹，固然可以長(zhǎng)一智，但長(zhǎng)一智不一定非要以“吃一塹”為前提呀?!(破立)
我們的“羊”亡了一次又一次，緊接著“牢”也補(bǔ)了一回又一回。我們的教訓(xùn)太多，損失不小。“亡羊補(bǔ)牢”的惰性思想不除，我國(guó)前進(jìn)的步伐就會(huì)受到嚴(yán)重的阻礙!(立)(引據(jù)論證，深入批駁)
祖國(guó)要富強(qiáng)，民族要振興。炎黃的子孫們，猛醒吧!“補(bǔ)牢”豈待“亡羊”后?!(收尾照應(yīng)，提出希望)
△駁論方法：
1.直接駁論
1)直接駁論點(diǎn)
2)通過駁論據(jù)
3)通過駁論證
2.間接駁論：樹立正面觀點(diǎn)，證明它是正確的。(類似于反證法)
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