英語國家概況英國的政府體制
英語國家概況英國的政府體制
看英國的征服體制，了解這個國家的概況情況。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編帶來英國的政府體制相關(guān)介紹，歡迎大家閱讀!
英語國家概況:英國的政府體制介紹
Government and Administration
英國政府機(jī)構(gòu)
I.General knowledge
The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy,the head of state is a king or a queen. The UnitedKingdom is governed, in the name of the Sovereignby His or Her Majesty's Government. The System ofparliamentary government is not based on a writtenconstitution, the British constitution is not set out in any single document. It is made up ofstatute law, common law and conventions. The Judiciary determines common law andinterprets statutes.
聯(lián)合王國是君主立憲制國家,國家的首腦是國王或女王。聯(lián)合王國以君的名義,由國王或女王陛下政府治理。英國的議會制度并不是基于成文憲
法,英國憲法不由單一文件構(gòu)成,而由成文法,習(xí)慣法和慣例組成。司法部門裁定習(xí)慣法或解釋成文法。
英語國家概況:英國的政府體制(君主立憲制)
Constitutional monarchy 君主立憲制
The British monarchy is known as constitutional monarchy. It means the monarchy's powerare limited by law and Parliament. The monarchy actually has no ral power. Constitutionalmonarchy began after the Glorious Revolution in 1688.英國的君主體制是以君主立憲聞名的。君主政體實際已無實權(quán)。它的權(quán)力受限于法律和議會。君主立憲制是從1688年的光榮革命后開始。
II.The Monarchy君主制
1.Elizabeth II, her title in the United Kingdom is "Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God ofthe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Her Other Realms andTerritories, Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith."
伊莉莎白二世，她的全稱是“伊莉莎白二世承蒙大布列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國以及她的其他領(lǐng)土和領(lǐng)地的上帝之恩典，女王，英聯(lián)邦元首，共同信仰的保護(hù)者。”
2.The Queen is the symbol of the whole nation. In law, She is head of the executive, anintegral part of the legislature, head of the judiciary, the commander-in-chief of all thearmed forces and the "supreme governor" of the Church of England. She gives Royal Assent toBills passed by parliament.
女王是國家的象征。從法律上講，她是行政首腦，立法機(jī)構(gòu)的組成部分，司法首腦，全國武裝部隊總司令，英國國教“至高無上”的領(lǐng)袖。她任命首相和重要的政府官員。對議會通過的法案給予御準(zhǔn)。
英語國家概況:英國的政府體制(議會)
III.Parliament 議會
1. The United Kingdom is a unitary, not a federal,state. Parliament consists of the Sovereign, theHouse of Lords and the House of Commons.
英國是中央集權(quán)國家，而不是聯(lián)邦制國家。議會由君主，上議院和下議院組成。
2. The main functions of Parliament are: (1) to passlaws; (2) to provide, by voting for taxation, themeans of carrying on the work of government; (3) toexamine government Policy and administrations,including proposal for expenditure; and (4) to debate the major issues of the day.
議會的主要作用是：(1)通過立法;(2)投票批準(zhǔn)稅為政府工作提供資金;(3)檢查政府政策和行政管理，包括撥款提議;(4)當(dāng)天的議題辯論。
The House of Lords 上院
The House of Lords is made up of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal. The LordsSpiritual are the Archbishops of Canterbury and Yord and 24 senior bishops of the Church ofEngland. The Lords Temporal consist of 1) all hereditary peers and peeresses of England,Scotland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom(but not peers of Ireland);2)life peers created toassist the House in its judicial duties;3)all other life peers. The main function of the House ofLords is to bring the wide experience of its members into the process of law-making.上院由神職人員和世俗議員組成。神職包括坎特伯雷和約克大主教及24名高級主教。世俗議員包括1)所有英，蘇，大不列顛及聯(lián)合王國的世襲貴族，女貴族(但不包括愛爾蘭);2)協(xié)助議院司法工作的終身貴族;3)其他終身貴族。上院的主要作用就是集中議員集體經(jīng)驗智慧制定法律。
The House of Commons 下院
The House of Commons is elected by universal adult suffrage and consists of 651 Members ofParliament (MPs).It is in the House of Commons that the ultimate authority for law-makingresides.下
院議員由成人普選產(chǎn)生，共有651名議員。最高立法權(quán)掌握在下院手中。
1) Parliamentary Electoral System議會選舉制
A General Election must be held every five years and is often held at more frequent intervals.British citizens, together with citizens of other Commonwealth countries and citizens of the IrishRepublic resident in Britain, may vote provided they are 1) aged 18 or over,2)included in theannual register of electors for the constituency, and 3)not subject to any disqualification. Acandidate must deposit 500 pound.大選每5年一次，且經(jīng)常不足5年就舉行。英國公民包括其他英聯(lián)邦國家公民和愛爾蘭共和國在英國的居民都有選舉權(quán)。選舉條件1)18或18以上，2)選區(qū)全體選民的每年選民登記冊上登記注冊者3)有資格參選者。候選人必須交納500英鎊保證金。
2)The Political Party System政黨體制
Since 1945 either the Conservative Party or the Labour Parth has held power.
自1945年以來，一直由保守黨或工黨輪流執(zhí)政。
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