用英語說中國的周朝
用英語說中國的周朝
掌握好英語學(xué)習(xí)方法，自然能提高自己的英語水平，可以把英語融入到日常的閱讀當(dāng)中。小編在此獻(xiàn)上用英語來了解中國的歷史文化，希望大家喜歡?！?/p>
用英語說中國周朝：Decline of Western Zhou 西周的衰落
After the death of King Wu, the Duke of Zhou was in Charge of state affairs for seven years until King Cheng came of age.
周武王去世后，周公旦執(zhí)政七年直到周成王達(dá)到登基的年齡。
The four decades under King Cheng and his son King Kang were marked by political stability and economic prosperity.
成王在位的40年和他的兒子周康王執(zhí)政的時期政治穩(wěn)定、經(jīng)濟繁榮。
Under the next rulers, King Zhao and King Mu, the strength of the dynasty was at its height and wars were fought against the peoples of the surrounding areas.
之后，在周昭王和周穆王的統(tǒng)治下，周朝國力達(dá)到鼎盛并與周邊地區(qū)多次開戰(zhàn)。
These conflicts intensified with the Zhou side enjoying the initiative.
這些戰(zhàn)事加強了周朝的主動權(quán)。
King Mu, powerful and ambitious, is said to have toured the regions far out in the west.
據(jù)說強勢又野心勃勃的穆王將國土擴展到了西邊。
After King Mu and throughout the reigns of King Gong, King Yi, King Xiao, King Yi and King Li, the prestige of the dynasty gradually declined and contradictions between the royal house and the people began to surface.
穆王之后，也就是在周共王、周懿王、周孝王、周夷王和周厲王在位期間，王朝的威望逐步衰退，皇族與人民之間的矛盾浮現(xiàn)出來。
King Li exploited the capital residents or freemen more mercilessly than ever and that roused general opposition.
厲王更加殘忍地剝削都城人民和自由民，其殘忍的程度史無前例，這引起了大眾的反抗。
His ministers advised him to stop his oppression, but he refused to listen. Instead, he suppressed all public discussion.
他的大臣勸他不要再壓迫人民但他不聽，反而禁止所有人在公共場合議論。
His tyranny continued for three years then the capital residents could no longer tolerate it and rose in armed revolt.
他的暴政持續(xù)了三年，直到人民再也無法忍受，于是他們揭竿而起。
They attacked the royal palace and forced the king to flee.
他們進(jìn)攻皇宮，將厲王放逐。
Then they surrounded the residence of the Duke of Shao where they had heard that Prince Jing, heir to the throne, was hiding.
接著，人們圍住召穆公的府邸，因為他們聽說王位繼承人公子靜藏在那里。
The Duke made his own son take the place of the prince, thus saving the heir who later became King Xuan.
召穆公用自己的兒子替代了公子靜，救了他。公子靜，就是后來的周宣王。
After King Li had fled, the Duke of Zhou and the Duke of Shao, descendants of the two mentioned earlier，took charge of the government;
在厲王被放逐之后，周定公與召穆公，也就是之前提到的召穆公的后代，共同執(zhí)政，這段時期被稱為“共和”。
this period was called the Gonghe.
有一個解釋說，因為其中一個王朝管理者是共國的和公，所以稱“共和”。
One account says that the man in power was Duke He of the state of Gong，hence the name Gonghe.
“共和”元年為公元前841年，從那時起，我們對于中國歷史的記載有了準(zhǔn)確的日期。
The first year of Gonghe was 841 B.C. From that year on, we have accurate dates of recorded Chinese history.
被放逐后的第14年，周厲王死于彘地(今山西霍縣)。
King Li died in Zhi (now Huoxian in Shanxi) 14 years after his flight.
周定公與召穆公讓公子靜登基，是為周宣王。
The Dukes of Zhou and Shao had Prince Jing enthroned as King Xuan.
在他執(zhí)政的第一年出現(xiàn)大旱，但是旱災(zāi)并沒有發(fā)展到一個嚴(yán)重的地步。
In the first years of his rule severe droughts occurred, but they did not develop into a serious situation.
之后，周宣王對周邊的一些部落和國家宣戰(zhàn)并獲得了勝利，但在與姜戎、條戎和奔戎的作戰(zhàn)中失敗。
Later King Xuan carried out wars against some neighbouring tribes and states and won some victories, but was defeated in wars against the Jiang Rong tribe and against the Tiao Rong and the Ben Rong tribes.
周宣王執(zhí)政期間國家曾一度繁榮。
For a time during King Xuan's Reign there were signs of prosperity.
但是周王朝與周邊人民的矛盾以及周朝內(nèi)部各地區(qū)的矛盾并誒有得到解決。
But the contradictions between the Zhou state and the neighbouring peoples and the social contradictions in the Zhou-controlled areas were not resolved.
不僅如此，連年的戰(zhàn)爭已消耗了大量的人力和物資。
Moreover, continuous wars consumed much of the dynasty's manpower and material resources.
宣王的繼承人幽王是一個愚蠢的、放任自己的還殘暴的君主。
King You, who succeeded King Xuan, was a stupid, self indulgent and cruel ruler.
現(xiàn)有的矛盾進(jìn)一步惡化。就像《詩經(jīng)》中說的那樣“或燕燕居息，或盡瘁事國;或息偃在床，或不已于行;或不知叫號，或慘慘劬勞;或棲遲偃仰，或王事鞅掌?；蛘繕凤嬀疲驊K慘畏咎;或出入風(fēng)議，或靡事不為。”
The existing contradictions grew worse.
大小奴隸主之間的斗爭也更加銳化，小奴隸主抱怨說：“人民擁有土地，你就拿走它;人民擁有奴隸，你就捉走他們”。
As the Book of Odes pointed out:” Some people leisurely stay at home, some work untiringly for the country, some lie in bed doing nothing, some always have to go to war, some drink and make merry, some are fearful of meeting disaster, some talk nonsense or gossip, some have to do all kinds of work.”
不斷的饑荒和嚴(yán)重的地震迫使人民離開家園、顛沛流離。
The struggles between big and small slave owners became sharper with the small slave-owners complaining:” People have land, you take it away; people own slaves, you seize them!”
那些擁有政治敏銳性的人以地震為托辭警告說“當(dāng)山谷成為高山，高山就會變成深谷”。
Uninterrupted famine and severe earthquakes compelled people to leave their homes and wander about.
周王朝面臨著一場危機。
Those who were politically sharp used the earthquakes as a pretext to warn that” high cliffs may turn into deep valleys, while valleys may become hills and mountains.”
周幽王當(dāng)政期間，周邊的國家不停地進(jìn)犯。
The Zhou Dynasty faced a crisis.
幽王廢黜了申王后和太子宜臼，扶立他的寵姬褒姒為皇后、褒姒的兒子為王位繼承人。
During King You's reign the neighbouring people made continuous attacks.
申王后的父親申國國君聯(lián)合犬戎部落、魯國、繒國還有其他一些國家進(jìn)攻周朝。
因為諸侯國不愿意派援軍，周幽王被殺死在驪山腳下。
用英語說中國周朝：Eastern Zhou 東周
In its early days, the Western Zhou Dynasty (The 11th century B.C. to 771 B.C.) was sufficiently powerful to be able to control the vassal states.
西周(公元前11世紀(jì)至公元前771年)早期有足夠的實力控制諸侯國，
In particular the states were prevented from fighting each other in order to annex their neighbors.
它們尤其被禁止互相斗爭以此來吞并周圍的國家。
However, from the time that King Ping moved his court to Luoyi (now the city of Luoyang in Henan Province) establishing the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the Zhou influence went into decline.
但是自從周平王將王庭遷往洛邑(今河南洛陽)建立東周，周王朝的影響力下降了。
Although the king retained his position as nominal overlord he was no longer able to control the activities of his vassals.
盡管君主保留了名義上最高統(tǒng)治者的地位，他已經(jīng)無法控制諸侯的活動了。
Economic imbalance meant some states were stronger than others.
經(jīng)濟上的不平等意味著某些諸侯國要強于其他的國家，
In turn this led to the stronger states declaring war on the weaker ones and annexing them regardless of the prohibition of such activity by the Zhou.
這使得強國不顧周王朝的組織向弱國發(fā)動戰(zhàn)爭吞并它們。
So, from the beginning of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty to the unification by Qin, China was marked by disunity and continuous conflicts.
因此，從東周到秦朝統(tǒng)一全國，中國一直處于割據(jù)戰(zhàn)亂的狀態(tài)。
Historically, this is recorded as two periods: the Spring and Autumn Period (770 B.C.—476 B.C.) and the Warring States Period (476 B.C.—221 B.C.).
這段時期在歷史上被分為兩個階段：春秋時期(公元前770年至公元前476年)和戰(zhàn)國時期(公元前476年至公元前221年)。
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