雅思寫作如何論證
在雅思寫作考試中，大作文考的是議論文，就是考察考生是否能夠在相對較短的時(shí)間內(nèi)搜集論據(jù)，具體地論證自己的觀點(diǎn)。另外，雅思寫作大作文的話題范圍非常廣泛，大到政府社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、科技，小到工作、教育等話題都會(huì)考到。這對于長期只接受國內(nèi)應(yīng)試教育的考生來說，是有一定的困難，很多時(shí)候只看個(gè)題目都會(huì)覺得無從下筆，因而很多中國考生的論文空洞，缺乏說服力，那么雅思寫作應(yīng)該如何論證呢?
雅思寫作如何論證?大作文不是講道理
很多中國考生在應(yīng)對雅思作文時(shí)喜歡通過講道理來說明問題，但話題中并不是所有題目和內(nèi)容都可以通過道理來說服他人的，比如關(guān)于“anti-social behavior”， 屬于道德范疇的話題，是很難用道理來講清楚的。所以，建議考生在備考時(shí)需要加強(qiáng)論據(jù)論證的能力，使其能夠很好地支持自己的觀點(diǎn)。
先來看下小編的一篇關(guān)于“anti-social behavior"的范文，大家可以借鑒下他的觀點(diǎn)提出和地道的表達(dá)
Task 2 題目：Today there is a great increase in anti-social behaviors and lack of respect to others. What are the causes of this? Who should take responsibility for dealing with it? (選自 2011 年 01 月 22 日雅思寫作機(jī)經(jīng))
Write at least 250 words
范文：
With the development of modern society, there seems to be an irresistible uprising momentum of anti-social behaviors and lacking in respect between people. Various causes may lead to this increasingly prevailing phenomenon. From my personal perspectives, I tend to attribute this tendency to the morbid social conduct, the gap between the rich and the poor and the fiasco of school education.
開頭叁排比提出自己的觀點(diǎn)：病態(tài)的社會(huì)風(fēng)氣、貧富差距、學(xué)校教育的失敗是原因，定義為五段論的基調(diào)，堅(jiān)持五段論是高分作文最起碼的結(jié)構(gòu)!!!
The surroundings somewhat influence the behaviors of people due to the conformity mentality among us. A healthy social conduct will guide people, on the contrary, an unhealthy society can destroy the very good nature of people. Take an example of the terrorist attack in Norway 2011, which caused 77 innocent civilians’ lives. If there were a more harmonious social conduct to give more sense of belonging to that pervert killer, the tragedy could be prevented.
無比貼切的例子的使用，挪威變態(tài)殺手的恐怖襲擊，完全西方化的思維。
The widening gap between the wealthy and the poor also triggered the psychology of hatred of those so-called “borderline men”. The enlarging social stratification and the growing income gap between the white-collars and manual workers stir the mental imbalance as well as the call on unfairness among the people with humble birth. Spontaneously, the rich became more and more disrespectful to the poor which eventually awakened the wrath of them.
關(guān)鍵詞乃“社會(huì)邊緣人”，圍繞這個(gè)中心詞展開，究其塬因乃貧富差距之大之可憎!!!
The school education is the last to be condemned. Were there more skillful and patient guidance of how to cultivate a complete and sound personality, to some extent, there won’t be that many extremists and borderline people .The formation of individual’s property and character molded during juvenile years, especially, adolescence, which, if slightly twisted, could affect a person’s later on life pattern and personality. That’s where a good or bad education makes difference.
譴責(zé)學(xué)習(xí)教育，沒有注重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生健全人格!!
In summary, if only we could generate a healthier social conduct, if only the gap between the rich and the poor could be narrowed, if only the quality of school education could be bettered, the anti-social behaviors will be eliminated greatly and the society of mutual-respect will rise up again.
詞匯句型
與話題相關(guān)的詞匯
Modern society 當(dāng)代社會(huì)
Social conduct 社會(huì)風(fēng)氣
Social status 社會(huì)地位
Disrespectful to… 對..不尊重的
School education 學(xué)校教育
Extremist極端主義者
Borderline man/person社會(huì)邊緣人物
高分詞匯、詞組
Twisted 扭曲的
Morbid 病態(tài)的
Fiasco大失敗
Trigger扣動(dòng)扳機(jī)，激發(fā)
Stir激起，喚起
Condemn譴責(zé)
Juvenile years 青少年時(shí)代
Adolescence青春期
Mutual-respect 互相尊重
Conformity mentality 從眾心理
The psychology of hatred仇富心理
social stratification社會(huì)分層(乃高階社會(huì)學(xué)單詞)
Manual worker 體力勞動(dòng)者
Mental imbalance 心理不平衡
Humble birth出生貧寒的，地位粗鄙的
Complete and sound personality 完整健全的人格
Mould(英) Mold(美)用模子做，陶冶，形成
The widening gap 日益拉大的趨勢
an irresistible momentum 一種不可逆的趨勢
An Increasingly prevailing phenomenon 一個(gè)逐漸普遍的趨勢
高分句型
1. With the development of modern society, there seems to be an irresistible uprising momentum of anti-social behaviors and lacking
in respect between people.(一種不可逆的上升趨勢，開頭就像轟炸機(jī)一下給你當(dāng)頭一棒，起評分就定位在 7 分以上了)
2. A healthy social conduct will guide people, on the contrary, an unhealthy society can destroy the very good nature of people.(B 老師我名人名言一般的高度精煉語言組織，這種語言出來基本肯定是 8+的分?jǐn)?shù)了)
3. If there were a more harmonious social conduct to give more sense of belonging to that pervert killer, the tragedy could be prevented.
(緊接著一句虛擬語氣，繼續(xù)轟炸你的閱讀神經(jīng))
4. The enlarging social stratification and the growing income gap between the white-collars and manual workers stir the mental imbalance as well as the call on unfairness among the people with
humble birth.(不管是無比高大上的 social stratification 還是小詞 stir 和 call on 的使用，都讓這句話看上去像是從哪本社會(huì)性書上抄的，所以考官看到這里已經(jīng)在 8.5 和 9 分之間徘徊、猶豫了)
5. The formation of individual’s property and character molded during juvenile years, especially, adolescence, which, if slightly twisted,
could affect a person’s later on life pattern and personality.(連續(xù)的逗號(hào)使用，就是不出現(xiàn)句號(hào)，再加上賓語從句，合情合理，句子結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，考官終于忍不住給 9 分了!!!)
雅思寫作評分潛規(guī)則--詞匯和語法
很多考生總會(huì)這樣形容自己“我詞匯量低”，“我很多時(shí)候想好了中文卻寫不出英文單詞”等，從中可以看出，詞匯量對考生來說，總是一道難于逾越的坎。而更麻煩的是，詞匯量是需要經(jīng)年累月的積累，非短時(shí)間內(nèi)可以達(dá)成。
然而，除詞匯量不足之外，很多考生對于雅思詞匯的具體要求并沒有足夠的了解;若想要在詞匯方面得到7分及以上，考官的要求是use a sufficient range of vocabulary to allow some flexibility and precision; use less common lexical items with some awareness of style and collocation; may produce occasional errors in word choice, spelling and/or word formation, 可以看出除了詞匯量的要求之外，考生還需要盡可能多使用less common lexical items;要注意style和collocation的運(yùn)用等。
一般說來，對于collocation來說比較常見的是nouns and verbs (make an assumption), adjectives and nouns (a key concept), or verbs and adverbs (fiercely independent)，那么考生在選擇使用時(shí)可以根據(jù)實(shí)際情況，適當(dāng)加入類似的搭配從而增加詞匯的靈活性。當(dāng)然要想提高這方面的詞匯能力，考生可以選擇多看范文的詞匯選擇，并且養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣勤加整理，畢竟詞匯的突破離不開日常的積累。而對于less common的要求，考生一方面需要積累同義替換詞，并且時(shí)刻記得避免重復(fù)單調(diào)的表達(dá)同時(shí)避免使用常用詞匯來防止common，比如more and more最好使用an increasing number of;solve則可以使用address或是overcome來代替;choice應(yīng)該換成alternative;important可以替換為crucial之類的。
除詞匯要求外，雅思考官對于語言也有一定的要求。對于雅思寫作7分的語法要求是：use a variety of complex structures, produce frequent error-free sentences and have good control of grammar and punctuation but may make a few errors.
雅思寫作6分的語法要求是：use a mix of simple and complex sentences.
從要求中我們不難看出，多樣的句式以及復(fù)雜句是獲得雅思寫作高分的基本要求。相比詞匯，對于句子的準(zhǔn)備反而可以說是比較容易一些。因?yàn)椴还芸碱}是如何，相對來說，能用的句式還是固定的。
如開頭段落可以嘗試那些較好套用的句式，類似：
1) The issue of whether… has been widely debated in the world.
2) One of the perpetual problems in our modern society is that + 具體的社會(huì)問題 + and the question of + 由問題引起的后果或爭論 + arises. (適用開頭段第一句話;套用在：表達(dá)某種社會(huì)問題以及由此引發(fā)爭論)例句：One of the perpetual problems in our modern society is that senior citizens account for an increasingly larger proportion of the whole population and the question of who should be legally responsible for taking care of them arises.
3) In an attempt to solve the problem of …, some people assert that…等。4) Personally, I agree to the latter opinion, which is based on the following three reasons. 適用于開頭段亮出自己觀點(diǎn)時(shí)候使用。當(dāng)考題提問為優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)時(shí)候時(shí)，可使用于開頭段最后一句：However, modern technologies have also exerted some negative impacts on our society and environment, which can be demonstrated in the following aspects.
總而言之，不管是哪種評分要求，考生都應(yīng)該熟悉不同分?jǐn)?shù)檔的評分要求，在備考雅思寫作時(shí)要有針對性。