怎樣寫好雅思作文結(jié)構(gòu)
怎樣寫好雅思作文結(jié)構(gòu)
我們與雅思作文親密接觸、短兵相接的時(shí)刻就是秀才遇到兵的時(shí)刻—心里有一大堆道理,卻怎么也說(shuō)不清。一小時(shí)的生死時(shí)速,四百字的極限挑戰(zhàn),滴水不漏的嚴(yán)密邏輯,長(zhǎng)嘆:英國(guó)人想要的是數(shù)據(jù)分析家、外交官,還是雄辯師?
怎樣寫好雅思作文結(jié)構(gòu)
一、斷定文體。
雅思大作文分為三種文體：議論文Argumentation，說(shuō)明文Report，混合問(wèn)Combination。這三類文體相互交叉又彼此區(qū)別，如果不能夠根據(jù)題目的要求進(jìn)行有效卻分，將會(huì)導(dǎo)致對(duì)題目的曲解或誤讀，造成5分的低分。
議論文Argumentation可以說(shuō)在雅思最為常見，幾乎在每年48次考試中占比重達(dá)到70-85%的權(quán)重。
Nowadays, it is widely accepted that social skills are as important as good qualifications for success in a job.
To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2012.1.14)
該話題就社會(huì)技能和學(xué)歷對(duì)事業(yè)成功的作用進(jìn)行討論，提出對(duì)立的雙方觀點(diǎn)，要求考生采取立場(chǎng)agree or disagree。
In some cultures the old age is more valued, while in some cultures youth is more valued. Discuss both views and give your opinion. (2012.3.31)
該篇?jiǎng)t亮出兩個(gè)對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)，老人和年輕人誰(shuí)更有價(jià)值，要求考生就兩觀點(diǎn)雙邊討論，并采取立場(chǎng)discuss both views and give your opinion。
Many people fail to achieve a balance between work and the other parts of life.
What causes the situation? How to overcome this problem? (2012.3.8)
題目中沒(méi)有提出討論，而詢問(wèn)工作生活不平衡的原因和解決方案，故該篇尾說(shuō)明文，只需要擺出原因，提出可行方案即可。
Increasing the price of petrol is the best way to solve growing traffic and pollution problems.
To what extent do you agree or disagree.
What other measures do you think might be effective? (C8T3)
該話題將內(nèi)容查分成兩部分，前者要求討論高油價(jià)是不是最好的緩解交通和污染方法，再要求說(shuō)明其他方法。一篇文章及包含議論有融入說(shuō)明，該文即混合文章。而混合文章自劍9發(fā)布后，考次正逐步處于一個(gè)上升趨勢(shì)，但相比議論Argumentation，一年仍然考不到3次。
根據(jù)以上說(shuō)明，相比大家對(duì)文體斷定有了初步了解，這對(duì)初識(shí)雅思的同學(xué)們是至關(guān)重要的一環(huán)。接下來(lái)，我們接著就類型進(jìn)行詳細(xì)解析。
二、確定類型。
如果文章能夠定位是議論文后，該文體還可以再細(xì)分為單邊討論類和雙邊討論型兩種。根據(jù)不同的字眼，要采取不同的文章段落結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)。
Argumentation (討論類):
單邊類(開頭表明立場(chǎng))：
Do you agree or disagree?
What do you think?
To what extend do you agree or disagree?
Which do you think is the better approach?
Do advantages outweigh its disadvantages?
Advertising discourages us from being different individuals by making us all want to be and look the same.
To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2012.10.27)
單邊類在開頭段往往鼓勵(lì)考生亮明自己的態(tài)度，究竟支持還是反對(duì)，是好處大于壞處，還是壞處大于好處;明確給出自己的立場(chǎng)，從而避免含糊帶來(lái)的不確定。
禁止出現(xiàn)中立態(tài)度。雖然評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)沒(méi)有明確表示反對(duì)中立方案，但考慮到考試時(shí)間緊，速度快，騎墻對(duì)考生表達(dá)能力和思維辯證邏輯要求異常高，容易造成觀點(diǎn)混亂，從而到最后既反對(duì)又支持，沒(méi)有給出自己的態(tài)度。
雙邊類(客觀論述后表明立場(chǎng)，切勿過(guò)早亮明觀點(diǎn))：
Discuss both views and give your own opinions.
Evaluate those two factors and give your opinion.
Some people think personal happiness is directly related to economic success, while others believe this depends on other factors.
Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.(2012.10.11)
雙邊類和單邊類在文章構(gòu)架上有很大區(qū)別，千萬(wàn)不可混用，否則6.5分的文章打到5分你都不知道個(gè)所以然。記住，雙邊討論類關(guān)鍵詞是discuss和and。主考官認(rèn)為不要在開頭段擺明自己的立場(chǎng)。因?yàn)轭}目要求你先雙邊討論，然后給觀點(diǎn)。所以順序很重要。否則，就不能做到客觀地討論雙邊，你的思想已經(jīng)有了傾向性。
單雙亦可
Is this a positive or negative development? (advantages / disadvantages)
Some languages are increasing in use，while many others are declining.
Do you think this is a positive or negative development? (2013.11.16)
該類型屬于單雙亦可的問(wèn)法，觀點(diǎn)的早晚沒(méi)有太大問(wèn)題，因?yàn)閱?wèn)題很含糊，只要在結(jié)尾前表個(gè)態(tài)就算圓滿完成任務(wù)。