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托福聽力巧記筆記的四個(gè)大招

時(shí)間: 曾揚(yáng)1167 分享

  在托福聽力考試中,要想從聽力材料中抓住細(xì)節(jié)、定位考點(diǎn),那就必須要記筆記!

  所以,今天為大家?guī)?lái)了托福聽力實(shí)用干貨——記筆記四大招!

  1.聽懂整句話,再記關(guān)鍵詞

  在講授托福聽力筆記的方法時(shí),老師一定一開始就會(huì)告訴你:記關(guān)鍵詞是最基本的技巧。

  所謂關(guān)鍵詞一般是指一些重要的實(shí)詞,比如說(shuō)名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞和否定詞。

  然而這里真正需要注意的是:我們要先聽懂這個(gè)句子,然后立刻同步分析并捕捉住哪個(gè)詞是這個(gè)句子里最重要的信息。做這個(gè)的目的是用關(guān)鍵詞來(lái)幫助你在做題時(shí)回憶起整個(gè)句子。

  舉個(gè)例子,下面的對(duì)話中,學(xué)生向老師詢問(wèn)怎樣寫報(bào)道,老師快速地說(shuō)出了一連串意見,這里就很可能出多選題。這時(shí)我們就需要在筆記中體現(xiàn)所有的意見。

  那么我們?cè)撚浤男┰~?

  Student: Do you have any advice on how I should cover the story?

  Advisor: Well, Max will want to talk to you but I am sure he will tell you to find out things like why the physics department's worried about enrollment? Has the number of students been getting smaller in recent years? By how much? What kinds of plans are they considering to address this problem?

  如果用上剛剛所說(shuō)的方法,上面對(duì)話中畫線部分的具體意見你需要記下來(lái)的詞匯應(yīng)該是這樣:worried? No.stu? how? plan?

  2.記錄句子邏輯關(guān)系詞,掌握易出考點(diǎn)

  邏輯是連接一篇文章的筋骨脈絡(luò),每一篇托福聽力文章都有著嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)奈恼聦哟魏瓦壿嬯P(guān)系。

  句子之間常見的邏輯關(guān)系有轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比、因果、順承、舉例等。

  邏輯是通過(guò)邏輯詞和邏輯短語(yǔ)來(lái)體現(xiàn)的。一旦出現(xiàn)邏輯詞,就很可能跟出考點(diǎn),所以聽清邏輯詞,并迅速記錄下來(lái),能夠使得文章內(nèi)部的關(guān)系和順序一目了然。

  最好的迅速記錄句子間邏輯關(guān)系的方法就是通過(guò)各種符號(hào),例如:

  提醒大家,擁有良好的邏輯意識(shí),并且能夠掌握常見的邏輯詞以及短語(yǔ),這樣無(wú)論是在測(cè)試閱讀、聽力、口語(yǔ)或作文部分的時(shí)候都是一個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)。

  如果你能夠在平時(shí)的聽力訓(xùn)練中注意總結(jié)這些邏輯詞和短語(yǔ)的用法,并將此運(yùn)用在自己的口語(yǔ)和寫作部分,那一定能夠進(jìn)入高分檔。

  3.聽不懂的別糾結(jié),重點(diǎn)記下主要信息

  相信大多數(shù)同學(xué)都有這樣的體會(huì):當(dāng)我們?cè)诼犖恼碌倪^(guò)程中,聽到一個(gè)不太懂的單詞或句子時(shí),會(huì)把思維停留在這個(gè)詞或句子上,同時(shí)漏聽了接下來(lái)的信息,等回過(guò)神兒來(lái)才發(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)不知道文章說(shuō)到哪兒去了。

  其實(shí)在托福聽力考試中,當(dāng)出現(xiàn)重要的信息或者生僻的單詞的時(shí)候,講話者絕大部分情況下都會(huì)加以解釋,甚至是反復(fù)解釋這個(gè)信息或單詞。

  所以我們需要做的就是聽到生詞的時(shí)候忍住回想的沖動(dòng),硬著頭皮往下聽,聽懂生詞后面的解釋之后,在筆記中記下主要的信息。

  而且,我們需要注意的是,托福聽力中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)、解釋的信息一定是重要信息,極有可能是考點(diǎn),因此也是需要我們重點(diǎn)記筆記的地方。

  下面給大家舉一個(gè)例子。來(lái)看看你能分辨出下面的段落說(shuō)了幾個(gè)重要信息嗎?

  Ok, a lot of people think of earth's orbit around the sun as being perfectly circular, as smooth and as regular as, say, the way that hands move on a well-made watch, but it just doesn't work that way. You are probably aware that the earth's orbit around the sun, it is not shaped like a perfect circle. It is more of an oval, it is elliptical. But the shape of this orbit isn't consistent; it varies over time, over a period of about a thousand years. Sometimes it is a little more circular, sometimes it is more elliptical. And when earth's orbit is more elliptical, earth is actually closer to the sun during part of the year. Which makes earth, and in particular, the northern hemisphere, warmer. And why is that important? Well, because most of the planet's glaciers are in the northern hemisphere, and if it gets too warm, then glaciers will stop forming.And we've already talked about how that affects earth's over all temperature.

  其實(shí)別看這個(gè)段落這么長(zhǎng),其實(shí)它只傳達(dá)了三個(gè)重要信息,也就是說(shuō)歸納起來(lái)只有三個(gè)重點(diǎn),其余的部分都是對(duì)重點(diǎn)的解釋。

  第一個(gè)信息:地球繞太陽(yáng)的軌道是橢圓形的。原文用了5句話來(lái)反復(fù)解釋這個(gè)信息,而且雖然出現(xiàn)了相對(duì)生僻的單詞oval,但出題者怕考生聽不懂又用了一個(gè)比較常見的elliptical來(lái)解釋。如下:

  Ok, a lot of people think of earth's orbit around the sun as being perfectly circular, as smooth and as regular as, say, the way that hands move on a well-made watch, but it just doesn't work that way. You are probably aware that the earth's orbit around the sun, it is not shaped like a perfect circle. It is more of an oval, it is elliptical.

  第二個(gè)信息:這個(gè)軌道形狀會(huì)變。這里又用了5句話來(lái)反復(fù)解釋,其中出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)稍微有些難度的單詞consistent,而且防止有些考生不認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)詞出題者又苦口婆心的給你解釋了這個(gè)現(xiàn)象。有時(shí)候這個(gè)軌道形狀圓點(diǎn)兒,有時(shí)候更橢圓點(diǎn)兒,更橢圓點(diǎn)兒的時(shí)候,地球更接近太陽(yáng)。這里說(shuō)的就是我們中學(xué)地理知識(shí)中的近日點(diǎn)這個(gè)概念。

  But the shape of this orbit isn't consistent; it varies overtime, over a period of about a thousand years. Sometimes it is a little more circular, sometimes it is more elliptical. And when earth's orbit is more elliptical, earth is actually closer to the sun during part of the year.

  第三個(gè)信息:形狀的變化會(huì)影響地球上冰川的形成。說(shuō)話者再一次用了5句話來(lái)解釋這個(gè)信息,并且怕你不知道這里要出考點(diǎn),還用了反問(wèn)句提醒你。

  Which makes earth, and in particular, the northern hemisphere, warmer. And why is that important? Well, because most of the planet's glaciers are in the northern hemisphere, and if it gets too warm, then glaciers will stop forming. And we've already talked about how that affects earth's overall temperature.

  所以,雖然你聽到了這么多詞匯和句子,但其實(shí)你的筆記上需要記的只是這三個(gè)主要信息。由此可知,ETS是一個(gè)很人性化的的機(jī)構(gòu)。當(dāng)你遇到聽不懂的信息的時(shí)候,你要勇敢堅(jiān)決地繼續(xù)往下聽,你的思維要同時(shí)跟著說(shuō)話人走,絕不能出現(xiàn)自己的思維斷層。

  4.了解托福聽力講座題的套路

  托福聽力講座部分的文章套路是有很強(qiáng)的規(guī)律性的,一般來(lái)說(shuō)分為以下6個(gè)步驟:

  第一步:回顧上節(jié)課內(nèi)容

  第二步:引出專有名詞(這節(jié)課的主題)

  第三步:介紹這個(gè)專有名詞(一種現(xiàn)象,或人物,或歷史事件)

  第四步:通過(guò)列舉分類的方式或者介紹流程的方式來(lái)闡述主題的具體內(nèi)容

  第五步:在整個(gè)講座過(guò)程中穿插學(xué)生提問(wèn)或者老師自己提問(wèn),之后給出解答(每個(gè)提問(wèn)處都很可能是考點(diǎn))

  第六步:最后對(duì)主題進(jìn)行總結(jié)或升華(例如會(huì)提到講座主題對(duì)過(guò)去或未來(lái)產(chǎn)生的影響或深遠(yuǎn)的意義等)

  當(dāng)你了解了托福聽力講座部分的套路后,你需要在平時(shí)的筆記訓(xùn)練過(guò)程中有意識(shí)地把所聽到的信息歸納進(jìn)這個(gè)套路里,這樣能夠幫助你更好地把握文章結(jié)構(gòu),甚至能夠幫助你達(dá)到?jīng)]聽懂每一個(gè)信息也能做對(duì)題的境界。

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