哈佛大學(xué)校園生活情景對(duì)話(4)
哈佛大學(xué)校園生活情景對(duì)話
哈佛校園情景對(duì)話：哈佛肯尼迪學(xué)院返回目錄
Han Meimei and John are reading magazines in the periodical reading room.
H： Look, you Americans has conceived of a new method to deal with its relations with other countries.
H:你看，美國(guó)想出了一種新方式去處理與其他國(guó)家的關(guān)系呢。
J： Is it soft power?
J：是軟實(shí)力嗎?
H: No, ifs smart power.
H:不，是巧實(shí)力。
J: Whafs that?
J：那是什么呢?
H: Here it reads that “smart power is the ability to combine hard and soft power into a wining strategy”，It’s defined by Joseph Nye. But I don’t see much difference from it. Its aim is still to maintain its super power position.
H:這里所說(shuō)的“巧實(shí)力”其實(shí)就是硬實(shí)力和軟實(shí)力的結(jié)含，軟硬兼施，從而達(dá)到不 戰(zhàn)而勝。這是約瑟夫·柰所下的定義。但是我覺得沒什么實(shí)質(zhì)上的區(qū)別，因?yàn)樗?的目的仍然是維持其超級(jí)霸主的地位。
J: We don’t talk about politics and diplomacy, ok? It’s too sensitive. But I can tell you something about Joseph Nye.
J：我們不討論政治和外交好嗎?因?yàn)檫@太敏感了。但對(duì)于這個(gè)約瑟夫·奈，我倒可 以說(shuō)一些他的事給
H: Who’s this guy?
H:他是誰(shuí)呢?
J: What Iwanttotalkaboutis not Nye himself, but Harvard Kennedy School from which he graduated. Or you can call it Kennedy School of Government.
J:我想說(shuō)的不是奈本人，而是他畢業(yè)的那所肯尼迪政府學(xué)院。
H: I know it. It’s also a very famous graduate school at Harvard, training up its students to become outstanding civil servants, politicians, and statesmen.
H:我知道。這也是一個(gè)非常著名的哈佛大學(xué)研究生 院，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生成為優(yōu)秀的公務(wù)員、政客和政治家。
J: This school is relative young compared with other Harvard schools. It only has a history of about 70 years.
J:如果與其他學(xué)院相比，這所學(xué)院是一個(gè)相對(duì)比較 新的學(xué)院，它只有約70年的歷史。
H: Really? That’s pretty young. Why did such an idea as founding a government school popped into its founder’s mind?
H:真的嗎?那真的是相當(dāng)?shù)男隆槭裁赐蝗幌氲饺?成立一所政府學(xué)校呢?
J: At that time, the United States was in Great Depression and was on the verge of going into WWII. There seemed to be a lack of excellent talents in government.
J:當(dāng)時(shí)美國(guó)在大蕭條和第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的邊緣，政府似乎缺乏優(yōu)秀的人才。
H: That was a dark period in American history. A lot of people were out of work, and lived a miserable life. People nearly lost confidence in government.
H:這是美國(guó)歷史上黑暗的時(shí)期。很多人失去工作，并過(guò)著悲慘的生活。人們幾乎失 去了政府的信心。
J： Therefore, a Harvard alumnus called Lucius N. Littauer donated some money to Harvard to found a new school which would train talents for the government.
J:因此，一位叫盧休斯·立陶爾哈佛校友綰哈佛捐了一些錢，建立了一所新的學(xué)校， 為政府焙養(yǎng)人才。
H: The benefactor was Littauer? I thought his name was Kennedy, because schools are often named after their benefactor, like Harvard University after John Harvard, and Widener Library after Harry Elkins Widener,
H:所以捐助者是立陶爾?我以為是肯尼迪呢，因?yàn)閷W(xué)校通常是他們的捐助者的名 字命名的，如哈佛大學(xué)是以約翰·哈佛;懷德納圖書館是以哈利·埃爾金斯·威德 而是他所畢業(yè)的那所哈佛肯尼迪學(xué)校，或者你可以叫做肯納命名的。
J: I’ve no idea. I just know that there is center named after him, tha Littauer Center.
j：這我就不清楚了。我只知道有個(gè)中心是以他命名的，立陶爾中心。
H; Then why is it called Kennedy School? Does Kennedy here represent John Kennedy?
H:那么為什么叫肯尼迪學(xué)院?這里的肯尼迪是約翰·肯尼迪嗎?
J: Yes, actually its full name is John F. Kennedy School of Government.
J：是的，實(shí)際上學(xué)院的全名是約翰·肯尼迪政府學(xué)院。
H: Did he make great contribution to the school?
H:他對(duì)這所學(xué)校有很大貢獻(xiàn)呢?
J： Not really, but he made great contribution to the country.
J：也不盡然。其實(shí)他是對(duì)國(guó)家有更大的貢獻(xiàn)。
H: His compassion for the blacks incurred anger from the white extremists and he was assassinated by one of them.
H:他對(duì)黑人的同情引發(fā)了白人極端分子的憤怒，而他也是被其中的分子所暗殺的。
J： You’re very familiar with American history.
J：看起來(lái)你非常了解美國(guó)歷史呢。
H; I took a world history class.
H:我之前上過(guò)世界歷史課呢。
J: Maybe Kennedy School want it students to remember Kennedy’s spirit and be good government officials.
J：也許是肯尼迪學(xué)院想要他們的學(xué)生記住肯尼迪的精神和要成為一名好的政府官員。
H: I heard that the School not only trains up talents for American government, but helps other nations train their government talents.
H:我聽說(shuō)這個(gè)學(xué)院不僅為美國(guó)政府培育人才，也幫助其他國(guó)家培訓(xùn)人才呢。
J: There have been tens of thousands of foreign students from more than 130 countries in the School.
J:有來(lái)自超過(guò)130個(gè)國(guó)家成千上萬(wàn)的外國(guó)學(xué)生在這個(gè)學(xué)院呢。
H: I’m not talking about students. There was an agreement between Chinese government and US government that from 2002 to 2007，the School must train 60 officials for Chinese central and local governments.
H:我不是指一般的學(xué)生，中國(guó)政府和美國(guó)政府之間有一個(gè)協(xié)議，在2002年到2007 年間，學(xué)院要培養(yǎng)60名中國(guó)的中央和地方官員。
J： I don’t know. But I hope such cooperation can last as long as possible.
J：這我倒不清楚，不過(guò)我希望這樣的含作能長(zhǎng)久下去。
H: So do I. If only there were no great conflicts which would threaten the peaceful relations among countries.
H:我也是這么想的。希望以后沒有太大的沖突影響各國(guó)家間的和平共處。
哈佛校園情景對(duì)話：法學(xué)院之爭(zhēng)返回目錄
Han Meimei and Li Lei are talking about law schools.
H： Li Lei, did I tell you that I have full intent to go straight to law school after undergrad uate, although I’m still in high school?
H:李雷，我告訴過(guò)你我打算在畢業(yè)之后直接讀法律嗎?雖然我現(xiàn)在仍然還在讀高中。
L： No, but it’s good for you to set high goals for yourself so that you can push yourself to meet and exceed① them.
沒有。但你為你自己設(shè)定高的目標(biāo)對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)是件好事。這樣你就可以推動(dòng)自己, 并滿足和超越目標(biāo)。
H: But I can’t decide on a law school.
但我現(xiàn)在不能夠決定進(jìn)哪一個(gè)法學(xué)院。
L： Don’t you plan to come to Harvard Law School?
你不打算去哈佛法學(xué)院?jiǎn)?
H: I have my heart set on attending Harvard, but I know that Yale Law School always ranks first in the rankings of top law schools. This year, Yale stays No. 1 while Harvard Law School only ranks the second. Should I be aiming more for Yale than Harvard?
我一心想讀哈佛,但我知道耶魯法學(xué)院經(jīng)常在頂尖的法學(xué)院的排行榜中排名第一。 今年，耶魯仍然保持第一，而哈佛才排名第二。這樣我是否應(yīng)該瞄準(zhǔn)耶魯而多過(guò) 哈佛呢?
L: Definitely, many people are pitting Harvard against Yale. From my personal point of view, however, if you get into both, flip a coin, you'll be fine either way.
確實(shí)，很多人經(jīng)常把哈佛和耶魯比較。但對(duì)于我來(lái)說(shuō)，如果你不知道選擇哪個(gè)好 的話，你可以拋硬幣，這樣無(wú)論是哪種結(jié)果都不賴。
H: I thought so, but..,
我也覺得是。但……
L: I believe at either place you’re going to get a great education and get a great job.If I could give you one piece of advise it would be this: forget reputation. It can be very tempting to choose Yale because it’s the number one school in nation or Harvard because it’s Harvard.
我相信，這兩個(gè)地方的任何一個(gè)，都可以讓你得到很好的教育，也都可以找到一 份很好的工作。如果我能結(jié)你一點(diǎn)建議的話，那應(yīng)該是:忘記聲譽(yù)。選擇耶魯會(huì)是 件很誘人的事情，因?yàn)樗诿绹?guó)是排名第一的法學(xué)院，或者選擇哈佛,因?yàn)樗枪稹?/p>
H： Yes, Fve been tom between the two choices.
我在這兩個(gè)選擇中都快崩漬了。
L: When you，re deciding between these two schools I can’t emphasize too much how little this matters. Everyone has heard of both schools, and everyone will say, “Oh，wow!” when you tell them which school you attend.
當(dāng)你正在這兩個(gè)學(xué)院中選擇決定的時(shí)候，這根本就不是什么大問題。每個(gè)人都聽 說(shuō)過(guò)這兩所學(xué)校，當(dāng)你告訴他們你上哪個(gè)學(xué)校時(shí)，每個(gè)人都會(huì)說(shuō)，"哦，哇! ”。
H: Despite this，I do hear that Yale’s pressure-alleviating and very “lenient". To an extent of course, grading system of “Honors，Pass, Fail” is given any less respect from top firms than the standard GPA/Rank system at HLS?
盡管這樣，我確實(shí)聽說(shuō)耶魯大學(xué)壓力是比較小的，也很寬松。在某個(gè)程度來(lái)說(shuō)， 與哈佛商學(xué)院的平均分評(píng)分系統(tǒng)相比，耶魯?shù)?quot;優(yōu)異、及格、不及格”的評(píng)分方 式不太被一流公司重視認(rèn)可。
L： I don’t think there is any evidence that firms on the whole give less respect to Yale Law grads than Harvard Law grads. Do you have any evidence to suggest that ?
我不認(rèn)為有任何的證據(jù)可以證明所有的企 業(yè)都對(duì)哈佛畢業(yè)生的重視多于對(duì)耶魯?shù)?。你有什么證據(jù)來(lái)證明嗎?
H： No, but it’s said so.
沒有，但據(jù)說(shuō)是這樣的。
L: Yes, there may be some firms that prefer the harder approach of Harvard, but there are other firms that prefer the softer approach of Yale.
是的。也許有些企業(yè)選擇哈佛這個(gè)較為 強(qiáng)硬的方式，但有些其他的企業(yè)會(huì)選擇耶 魯較為柔和的方式。
H: Thank you, because that clears up nothing.
謝謝你!因?yàn)檫@等于沒說(shuō)。
L: Don’t get hot and bothered. One thing that may cause a few firms to shy away from Yale Law is the predilection of Yale Law grads to not want to work in firms. They are in favor of other career paths, like academia, clerkships, or politics.
別火呀。造成某些企業(yè)回避耶魯法學(xué)院的其中一個(gè)原因是耶魯畢業(yè)生不太偏向于 進(jìn)公司，他們更喜歡其他職業(yè)道路，比如學(xué)術(shù)、法律辦事員或政治。
H： Do they?
是這樣嗎?
L： Yes, maybe firms shying away from Yale Law graduates because they’re scared that they’ll quit to go run for President. That’s an exaggeration, but you know what I mean.
是的，可能企業(yè)回避耶魯法學(xué)院的畢業(yè)生，是因?yàn)樗麄兒ε逻@些畢業(yè)生將會(huì)離職 而去競(jìng)選總統(tǒng)。這是夸張的說(shuō)法，但我想你懂我的意思。
H: Then how on earth can I pick one? "
那么我到底應(yīng)該選擇哪個(gè)呢?
L: There’re some differences between the teaching methods of the two schools. YLS is more interested in the philosophy of the laws, while Harvard's approach is to examine the application of the law.
兩個(gè)學(xué)院的教學(xué)方式有些不一樣。耶魯更多的是專注于法律哲學(xué)，而哈佛方法是考查法律的應(yīng)用。
H: Oh, I see. I’m more interested in practice.
H:哦，我明白了。我對(duì)應(yīng)用實(shí)踐更感興趣。
L： So pick the one that will make you happy. For most of us these are the very last years we will ever spend in school. Why not enjoy them?
L:所以選擇一個(gè)可以讓你開心的學(xué)校吧。對(duì)于我們大部分的人來(lái)說(shuō)，這將是我們?cè)?學(xué)校度過(guò)的最后一些年頭了。為什么不好好享受它呢?
哈佛校園情景對(duì)話：畢業(yè)典禮返回目錄
A photo slips out of John’s book when he is arranging his books. Han Meimei picks it up.
H: John, where did you take the photo? There’re lots of people in the background.
H：約翰，這張照片是在哪照的?背景里怎么有那么多人。
J: Oh, it’s taken against the background of a commencement. It's the picture I took when I attended the Harvard Commencement in 2009.
L:哦，背景是一個(gè)畢業(yè)典禮，照片是我09年參加哈佛的畢業(yè)典禮的時(shí)候照的。
H: Why did you go there?
H:你怎么去那兒了?
J: My big brother graduated from Harvard last summer. It’s a big day for him. My parents and I were so proud of him. It’s out of question that we should go to witness the great moment.
J：我哥去年從哈佛畢業(yè)。對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)重大的日子，我和父母都為他感到驕傲，當(dāng) 然要去見證那個(gè)偉大時(shí)刻了。
H: Is a commencement such a big event in America? I’ve never seen such a scene in China. My cousin told me that her university even didn’t hold a commencement. They had to rent bachelor gowns to take pictures.
H:畢業(yè)典禮在美國(guó)這么重要啊?我在中國(guó)從沒見過(guò)這種情形。我表姐告訴我她們學(xué) 校甚至連畢業(yè)典禮都沒有，他們還得自己租學(xué)士服照相。
J: That’s awful. Commencement is such a holy day. It demonstrates that all your four years’ hard work finally pay off and that you’ll have a brand new life from that day on.
J：那太糟糕了。畢業(yè)典禮是多么神圣的一天啊，說(shuō)明你四年的努力設(shè)有白費(fèi)，從那 天開始你就要開始全新的人生了。
H： Tell me about it. It must be interesting. I want to get an idea about how Harvard staff and students celebrate graduation. Can anyone attend Commencement?
H:給我講講吧，肯定很有意思，我想了解哈佛人是怎么慶祝畢業(yè)的。任何人都可以 參加畢業(yè)典禮嗎?
J: No, you must get a ticket first. The tickets to Commencement are limited. Not everybody can go there. We got up early in the morning and arrived at Harvard at seven.
J:不是，你必須得先搞到票。畢業(yè)典禮的票數(shù)是有限的，不是每個(gè)人都可以去。我 們?cè)缟掀鸬煤茉?，七點(diǎn)就到哈佛了。
H: Why did you go there so early? Did the ceremony start so early?
H:為什么要去那么早?典禮那么早就開始了嗎?
J： Because seating capacity is limited, and seats are on a first-come basis and cannot be reserved. If we got there late, we had to stand.
J：因?yàn)樽挥邢?，先到先坐，不能預(yù)定。如果去晚了，就得站著了。
H: Did the campus look different?
H:校園看起來(lái)是不是和平時(shí)不一樣?
J： Yes. It looked great. Flowers were everywhere. And parents were thrilled to see their sons and daughters, and were incredibly proud to be here.
J:是的，看起來(lái)棒極了，到處是鮮花，家長(zhǎng)們見到兒女們很激動(dòng)，也為自己能到那 兒而感到極其驕傲。
H: To be honest, I don’t understand. Why should parents feel so happy? When I saw the movie The Graduate, I couldn’t understand why everybody was happy to celebrate Benjamin’s graduation from college. He even didn’t get a job or something. I don’t believe Chinese parents will feel the same way.
H:老實(shí)說(shuō)，我不理解。為什么家長(zhǎng)們這么高興?我看《畢業(yè)生》這部電影的時(shí)候就 很不理解為什么每個(gè)人都這么高興地慶祝本杰明從大學(xué)畢業(yè)?他甚至都沒找到工 作什么的。我相信中國(guó)的父母不會(huì)這樣的。
J: It’s hard to tell. We have different cultures.
J:文化不同，很難說(shuō)清楚。
H ： What else did you see and hear?
H:你的其他見聞呢?
J： On that day, I met with two centenarians. One was the oldest alumnus to take part in the ceremony and one was the oldest Radcliffe graduate to attend. They brought me back to the Harvard of the 1920s, and told me the crucial turning points in Harvard history.
j：那天，我遇見了兩個(gè)百歲老人。一個(gè)是來(lái)參加典禮的最老的校友，一個(gè)是來(lái)參加 典禮的最老的拉德克利夬院畢業(yè)生。他們把我?guī)Щ氐?0世紀(jì)20年代，給我講了 哈佛歷史上重要的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。
H: Were there a lot of alumni? In China alumni only come back to celebrate significant anniversaries instead of animal Commencement, You did learn a lot from those alumni, right?
有很多校友參加?在中國(guó)校友只回來(lái)參加重大的周年校慶而不是每年的畢業(yè)典 禮。你確實(shí)從那些畢業(yè)生那里學(xué)到了很多，是吧?
J: My brain was stuffed, so was my stomach. At noon, Harvard put on what may have been the world’s largest picnic, feeding countless graduates, families, and alumni in venues across the University with about 35 different menus. It’s said that planning for Commencement meals began nearly three months ago.
我的腦袋充實(shí)了，胃也被塞滿了。中午的時(shí)候，哈佛呈上了可能是世上有史以來(lái) 最大的野餐，在各個(gè)場(chǎng)地為無(wú)數(shù)的畢業(yè)生、家人和校友提供大約35種不同的菜肴。 據(jù)說(shuō)大概提前3個(gè)月就開始準(zhǔn)備了。
H: My mouth is watering.
我都流口水了。
J: After lunch, we listened to speech given by the u.s. Energy Secretary Steven Chu. In 2008, the speaker was J. K. Rowling. That day, she received her honorary doctoral degree from Harvard.
午飯后，我們聽了一場(chǎng)美國(guó)能源部長(zhǎng)朱棣文做的演講。2008年的演講者是J. K. 羅琳。那天她還被授予哈佛榮譽(yù)博士學(xué)位。
H: Does Harvard invite famous people to give a speech on Commencement each year?
哈佛每年都邀請(qǐng)名人在畢業(yè)典禮上演講嗎?
J: Yes, the speaker in 2010 will be David Souter, a Harvard alumnus who served nearly two decades on the U.S. Supreme Court before stepping down in June 2009.
是的，2010的演講者是前最高法院法官大衛(wèi)·蘇特，他在最高法院干了將近20年， 2009年6月剛退休。
H: Harvard Commencement is a like a visual and hearing feast, and is a real feast.
H:哈佛畢業(yè)典禮就像_場(chǎng)視覺和聽覺盛宴，也是一場(chǎng)真正的盛宴。
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