動(dòng)名詞的用法總結(jié)詳解英語語法
動(dòng)名詞的用法總結(jié)詳解英語語法
動(dòng)名詞詞在句子中可以用作主語、表語、賓語、補(bǔ)足語、定語、狀語等。以下是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為大家整理的動(dòng)名詞的用法,希望能幫助大家更好地掌握動(dòng)名詞,提高英語水平。
動(dòng)名詞的用法:作主語
1、動(dòng)名詞是由動(dòng)詞變化而來,所以,動(dòng)名詞的意義也是表示某個(gè)動(dòng)作或事情。例如: Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good.
Cheating on an exam ruins one's character. 考試作弊毀壞人的性格。
2、動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí),對(duì)于一些比較長的動(dòng)名詞短語,一般采用"It is …"和"There is …"兩種句式來表示。例如:
It is no use waiting for him any longer. 等他是沒有用的。
There is no joking about such matters. 這種事開不得玩笑。
3、動(dòng)名詞作主語與不定式作主語的區(qū)別:動(dòng)名詞作主語通常表示抽象的或泛指的動(dòng)作,一般不與特定的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者聯(lián)系在一起;不定式作主語通常表示具體的動(dòng)作或行為,往往與特定的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者聯(lián)系在一起,如:
It’s no use crying over spilt milk. (抽象)
He realized that to go on like this was no use. (具體)
4、在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中,一般可以互換,差異不大。但在下列幾種情況中不能互換:
當(dāng)表語是動(dòng)名詞時(shí),主語也要用動(dòng)名詞;當(dāng)表語是不定式時(shí),主語也要用不定式,如: Seeing is believing. = To see is to believe.
5、動(dòng)名詞和不定式作主語,一般都可以使用形式主語it,而將動(dòng)名詞或不定式放在句尾。但是在下列句型中,一般宜用動(dòng)名詞,不宜用不定式來代替:
It’s no use doing … It’s no good doing…
It’s a waste of time doing …
動(dòng)名詞的用法:作表語
1、動(dòng)名詞作表語與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語的區(qū)別:
動(dòng)名詞作表語時(shí)相當(dāng)于名詞,說明主語的含義及內(nèi)容,它與主語是同等關(guān)系,主語與表語互換位置不影響句子的基本含義,但不可用副詞來修飾。如:
My job is looking after the children. = Looking after the children is my job.
Our duty is serving the people. = Serving the people is our duty.
以上兩處是動(dòng)名詞作表語,可以和主語互換位置,不影響句子的基本含義。
2、現(xiàn)在分詞作表語時(shí)相當(dāng)于形容詞,說明主語的特征、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)等,主語與表語不可互換位置,但可用very, quite等副詞來修飾,如:
The situation is encouraging.形勢是值得鼓勵(lì)的。
This cake is very inviting.
The volleyball match we watched was very exciting.
以上三處是現(xiàn)在分詞作表語,不可與主語互換位置。
3、動(dòng)名詞作表語與不定式作表語的區(qū)別:
動(dòng)名詞作表語時(shí)表示比較抽象的一般行為、習(xí)慣;
不定式作表語時(shí)表示具體的某一次動(dòng)作,特別是將來的動(dòng)作,試比較:
My favorite sport is swimming.
The first thing for us to do is to improve our pronunciation.
動(dòng)名詞的用法:作賓語
1、能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞有兩類:一類是只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞,其中有:avoid、consider、advise、dislike、enjoy、excuse、finish、give up、can’t help、keep (on)、(don’t )mind、miss、practice、go on、suggest等。另一類是既可以用動(dòng)名詞,又可以用不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞,其中有:begin、forget、hate、like、plan、prefer、remember、start、 try、stop、need、can’t afford等。
(1) 動(dòng)名詞跟在及物動(dòng)詞后做賓語。例如:
I enjoy working with you.
After hearing the funny story, all of us couldn't help laughing ear to ear.
Would you mind ringing me up tomorrow?
(2) 動(dòng)名詞跟在介詞后面作賓語。例如:
I'm looking forward to your coming next time.
Thank you for offering me so much help.
He is fond of watching sports-games.
(3) 下列動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)名詞雖然是被動(dòng)意義,但不用被動(dòng)語態(tài):
Your car needs filling. 你這車要充氣了。
This city deserves visiting. 這座城市值得光顧一下。
The problem requires studying carefully .這個(gè)問題需要認(rèn)真研究。
The trees want watering .這些樹需要澆水了。
動(dòng)名詞的用法:作定語
動(dòng)名詞作定語的情況并不是很普遍,一般只限于單個(gè)的動(dòng)名詞作定語,表示“用于……的”或表示“處于某件事情中的……”含義。例如:
swimming pool 游泳池 reading material 閱讀材料
walking stick 手杖 opening speech 開幕詞
listening aid 助聽器 waiting room 候車室
running water 自來水 developing countries 發(fā)展中國家
working people 勞動(dòng)人民 sleeping child 熟睡孩子
動(dòng)名詞的用法:作狀語
動(dòng)名詞(短語)可以和about, against, at, before, after, by, for, besides, from, in, on, upon, without等介詞構(gòu)成短語,在句中作狀語,如:
They broke in loud cheers on hearing the news.
She left without saying good-bye to us.
Besides cooking and sewing, she had to take care of the children.
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