六一國(guó)際兒童節(jié)的來歷
背景介紹:國(guó)際兒童節(jié)(又稱兒童節(jié)，International Children's Day)定于每年的6月1日。為了悼念1942年6月10日的利迪策慘案和全世界所有在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中死難的兒童，反對(duì)虐殺和毒害兒童，以及保障兒童權(quán)利，1949年11月，國(guó)際民主婦女聯(lián)合會(huì)在莫斯科舉行理事會(huì)議，中國(guó)和其他國(guó)家的代表憤怒地揭露了帝國(guó)主義分子和各國(guó)反動(dòng)派殘殺、毒害兒童的罪行。會(huì)議決定以每年的6月1日為國(guó)際兒童節(jié)。它是為了保障世界各國(guó)兒童的生存權(quán)、保健權(quán)和受教育權(quán)，撫養(yǎng)權(quán)，為了改善兒童的生活，為了反對(duì)虐殺兒童和毒害兒童而設(shè)立的節(jié)日。目前世界上許多國(guó)家都將6月1日定為兒童的節(jié)日。
兒童節(jié)，也叫"六一國(guó)際兒童節(jié)"，每年的6月1日舉行，是全世界少年兒童的節(jié)日。
1949年11月，國(guó)際民主婦女聯(lián)合會(huì)在莫斯科舉行理事會(huì)議，中國(guó)和各國(guó)代表憤怒地揭露了帝國(guó)主義分子和各國(guó)反動(dòng)派殘殺、毒害兒童的罪行。為了保障世界各國(guó)兒童的生存權(quán)、保健權(quán)和受教育權(quán)，為了改善兒童的生活，會(huì)議決定以每年的6月1日為國(guó)際兒童節(jié)。
在此以前，世界上的許多國(guó)家就有兒童節(jié)。1925年，國(guó)際兒童幸福促進(jìn)會(huì)倡議建立兒童紀(jì)念日，英國(guó)、美國(guó)、日本等國(guó)積極響應(yīng)，先后建立了自己國(guó)家的兒童節(jié)，英國(guó)規(guī)定每年的7月14日為兒童節(jié)，美國(guó)規(guī)定5月1日為兒童節(jié)。日本的兒童節(jié)很特殊，分男女兒童節(jié)，男兒童節(jié)5月5日、女兒童節(jié)3月3日。我國(guó)在1931年也曾經(jīng)規(guī)定4月4日為中國(guó)兒童節(jié)。
自從1949年確立6月1日為國(guó)際兒童節(jié)以后，世界各國(guó)紛紛廢除原來的兒童節(jié)，而統(tǒng)一為"六一國(guó)際兒童節(jié)"。我國(guó)中央政府1949年12月宣布：以"六一國(guó)際兒童節(jié)"代替原來的"四四兒童節(jié)"，并規(guī)定少年兒童放假一天。
Children's day, also known as "June 1 International Children's Day," the annual June 1, the world of children's festivals. November 1949, the Women's International Democratic Federation council meeting held in Moscow. China and other countries and representatives of countries and anger exposed the imperialist reactionaries kill and poison children. In order to protect the world's children to survival, health and education, to improve the lives of children. The meeting decided in the annual June 1 International Children's Day.
The International Children's Day (ICD) is celebrated in numerous countries, usually (but not always) on June 1 each year.
The ICD had its origin in the World Conference for the Wellbeing of Children in Geneva, Switzerland in 1925. It is not clear as to why June 1 was chosen as the ICD: one theory has it that the Chinese consul-general in San Francisco (USA) gathered a number of Chinese orphans to celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival in 1925, which happened to be on June 1 that year, and also coincided with the conference in Geneva.
June 1 has since been observed as the ICD by numerous countries, especially by Communist countries; in the Western world the ICD is usually celebrated on other days of the year (if at all), and there is often little public awareness about these celebrations. (See the section on Germany below for further discussions.) Consequently there is sometimes a misperception that June 1 as the ICD was a Communist invention. Nonetheless, in recent years even some groups within the United States started observing the ICD on June 1.