初中英語定語從句解題技巧
近幾年中考英語主要考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞,尤其是關(guān)系代詞所占的比重較大,主要以單項(xiàng)選擇題的形式出現(xiàn)。下面就是小編給大家?guī)淼某踔杏⒄Z定語從句解題技巧,希望大家喜歡!
一、定語從句的概念和用法
在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫作定語從句。
如:A plane is a machine that/which can fly. 飛機(jī)是一種會(huì)飛的機(jī)器。
The boy who/that broke the window is called Mike.打破窗戶的那個(gè)男孩叫邁克。
The man (whom/who/that) I met in the street is my teacher.我在街上見到的那個(gè)人是我的老師。
I will never forget the day when (on which) I joined the League.我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我入團(tuán)的那一天。
This is the house where (in which) he lived ten years ago.這就是十年前他住過的房子。
I know the reason why (for which) she missed the train. 我知道她沒趕上火車的原因。
上面六句中的machine,boy,man,day,house和reason是定語從句所修飾的詞,叫作“先行詞”。定語從句放在先行詞的后面。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有that,which,who(賓格whom,所有格whose)等和關(guān)系副詞where,when,why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。
例1:It’s time to say goodbye to my school.I’ll always remember the people____________have helped me.
A. who B. what C. which D. where
解析:先行詞指人,做主語,選A。
例2:This is the novel____________is written by Guo Jingming.
A. who B. what C. that D. /
解析:先行詞指物,做主語,選C。
例3:The shirt____________John bought me fits me very well.
A. which B. what C. as D. whose
解析:先行詞指物,做賓語,可省略,選A。
例4:That’s the man____________house was destroyed in the storm.
A. that B. whose C. who D. which
解析:先行詞指人,做定語,選B。
例5:Ten months has passed,but Chinese people still remember those exciting days____________they spent during the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.
A. that B. who C. when
解析:先行詞指時(shí)間,做賓語,可省略,選A。
二、定語從句的主謂一致
關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做主語時(shí),不能省略,從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要與先行詞保持一致。注意當(dāng)“one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”位于關(guān)系代詞前做先行詞時(shí),從句的謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
例6:This is one of the books which____________written by Lu Xun.
A. am B. is C. was D. were
解析:該題的先行詞為books,故答案應(yīng)為D。本句的意思為“這是魯迅所寫的書中的一本”。但當(dāng)one前有the (only),the (very)等修飾時(shí),從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。
如:She is the only one of the girls who has learned French. 她是這些女孩中唯一一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)法語的。
三、只能用that引導(dǎo)的情況
在下列情況下只能用that引導(dǎo),不能用who或which引導(dǎo):
1.當(dāng)先行詞是all,none,one,any,few,little,much,everything,nothing,anything等不定代詞時(shí)
例7:Is there anything____________I can do for you?
A. what B. which C. that D. this
解析:句意為“有什么我可以為你做的嗎?”故答案為C。
2. 當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)
例8:This is the first place____________we visited last year.
A. where B. that C. which D. what
解析:句意為“這就是去年我們首先參觀的地方”。故答案為B。
3. 當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)
例9:This is the best film____________I’ve ever seen.
A. that B. which C. what D. it
解析:句意為“這是我看過的最好的一部電影”。故答案為A。
4. 當(dāng)先行詞被the very,the only,the last,any,every修飾時(shí)
例10:This is the very book____________I am looking for.
A. it B. which C. this D. that
解析:句意為“這正是我在尋找的那本書”。故答案為D。
5. 當(dāng)先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)
例11: They talked about things and persons____________they remembered at school.
A. who B. that C. whom D. which
解析:句意為“他們談到他們記得的在學(xué)校時(shí)的人和事”。故答案為B。
6. 當(dāng)先行詞是疑問詞who,what,which時(shí)
例12:Who is the man____________is working there?
A. that B. who C. whom D. which
解析:句意為“在那兒工作的人是誰?”故答案為A。
四、只能用which不能用that引導(dǎo)的情況
1. 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,修飾某物或整個(gè)句子時(shí)
例13:He takes a walk every day,____________is good for his health.
A. when B. it C. which D. that
解析:句意為“他每天散步,這對他的健康有好處”。故答案為C。
2. 當(dāng)先行詞在從句中做介詞的賓語且介詞前置時(shí)
例14:The hotel at____________we stayed was very small.
A. where B. what C. that D. which
解析:句意為“我們住的旅店很小”。故答案為D。
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