高考英語復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣及英語作文結(jié)尾萬能公式
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是每年高考的熱點(diǎn)也是難點(diǎn)，每年單項(xiàng)填空題必考一題?？键c(diǎn)集中在：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測的基本用法及區(qū)別;情態(tài)動(dòng)詞否定式的用法辨析：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done的用法區(qū)別等。以下是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為大家編輯的英語學(xué)習(xí)方法文章，僅供考生參考，歡迎大家閱讀!
高考英語復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣
虛擬語氣在高考命題中不是重點(diǎn)，但是難點(diǎn)?？键c(diǎn)常集中在含蓄條件句以及主語、賓語從句等特定句型中虛擬語氣的使用上，因此考生應(yīng)熟練掌握含蓄條件句中主從句的時(shí)態(tài)要求以及一些典型句型中虛擬語氣的具體形式。
虛擬語氣考點(diǎn)透析
考點(diǎn)一、虛擬語氣的基本用法
1.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)(be動(dòng)詞用were)+其他成分+if+should/would/could...+動(dòng)詞原形+其他成分。例如：
?、買f it were not for the fact that she ______ sing，I would invite her to the party.
A.couldnt B.shouldnt C.cant D.might not
解析 句意為：如果不是因?yàn)樗粫?huì)唱歌的事實(shí)，我會(huì)邀請她來參加那次聚會(huì)的。that從句為同位語從句，描述的是事實(shí)，用陳述語氣。正確答案為C。
2.與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)+其他成分+if+should/would/could...+have done+其他成分。例如：
If the weather had been better，we could have had a picnic.But it ______ all day.
A.rained B.rains C.has rained D.is raining
解析 句意為：如果天氣好的話，我們是能夠去野餐的，但是下了一天的雨。句子前半部分陳述的是與過去事實(shí)相反的事情，所以用了虛擬語氣。下了一天的雨是事實(shí)，所以用陳述語氣。因?yàn)槭前l(fā)生在過去的事實(shí)，所以正確答案為A。
3.與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)/should do/were to do+其他成分+if+should/would/could...+動(dòng)詞原形+其他成分。例如：
If I ______ plan to do anything I want to，Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.
A.would B.could C.had to D.ought to
解析 句意為：如果我能夠計(jì)劃做我想做的事情，我想去西藏并且盡可能多玩一些地方。句子描述的是與將來事實(shí)相反的事情，所以正確答案為B。
考點(diǎn)二、含蓄虛擬條件句
這樣的虛擬句不含有if從句，而是以but for/without/or/otherwise等引導(dǎo)的句子代替if從句，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞的形式與前面虛擬語氣的基本用法相同。例如：
Thank you for all your hard work last week.I dont think we ______ it without you.
A.can manage B.could have managed
C.could managed D.can have managed
解析 由語境可知這里要表達(dá)的意思是：如果沒有你們辛勤的工作，我們不可能處理好這件事。很顯然，這是對過去發(fā)生的事實(shí)的虛擬，所以要用could have done，故應(yīng)選B。
考點(diǎn)三、主從句時(shí)間不一致的虛擬條件句
在有些虛擬條件句中，主從句時(shí)間不一致，應(yīng)根據(jù)不同情況區(qū)別對待。例如：
Its hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ______ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A.wouldnt have fallen B.had not fallen
C.should fall D.were to fall
解析 句意為：如果不是我在七歲時(shí)愛上家鄉(xiāng)的Melinda Cox圖書館的話，很難想象今天的我會(huì)是什么樣子。主句描述的是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的事情，從句描述的是與過去事實(shí)相反的事情。正確答案為B。
考點(diǎn)四、名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣
在含有表示堅(jiān)持、建議、命令、要求等含義的名詞性從句和在it做形式賓語或形式主語的復(fù)合句中，賓語補(bǔ)足語是necessary/strange/essential/natural/a pity/a shame等表示驚奇、惋惜或者理應(yīng)如此等含義時(shí)，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞需用should+動(dòng)詞原形，其中should可以省略。例如：
Dont you think it necessary that he ______ to Miami but to New York?
I agree，but the problem is ______ he has refused to.
A.will not be sent;that B.not be sent;that
C.should not be sent;what D.should not send;what
解析 問句句意為：難道你不認(rèn)為必須把他送到邁阿密而不是紐約嗎?句子表示理應(yīng)如此的意思。正確答案為B。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)透析
考點(diǎn)一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞基本含義的考查
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本含義，一直是高考考查的重要內(nèi)容。例如：
1. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone______get out. A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could
解析：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本含義。had to：不得不; would：表示意愿或過去常常;could傾向于表示經(jīng)過長期訓(xùn)練而獲得的能力;was able to 表示經(jīng)過努力而能夠做到的事或成功地做了某事。因此，答案是C。
分析：高考對情態(tài)動(dòng)詞基本含義的考查，仍然集中在常用的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞上。對常用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的含義，要掌握的既準(zhǔn)確又要全面，特別是shall, should, can, may 四個(gè)常用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的含義較多，不易理解，復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)引起重視。
二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測的考查
對情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測的用法，是高考考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一個(gè)重要方面。例如：
1. Sorry, Im late. I______have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again .
A. might B. should C. can D. will
解析：might have done : (過去)可能做過某事;shouldhave done :本應(yīng)該做某事。根據(jù)本句提供的情境Im late 表明說話人可能把鬧鐘關(guān)上了。答案是：A。
分析：高考對表示推測的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞集中在must, can, could, may, might上，準(zhǔn)確掌握它們使用的場合，是解決問題的關(guān)鍵。Must 用于肯定陳述句，表示肯定推測;can, could用于疑問或否定陳述句，表示可能性推測;may, might用于陳述句，表示可能性推測;用于否定陳述句中，cant (不可能)的語氣比may not(可能不)強(qiáng)。此外，還要注意有對過去和對現(xiàn)在兩種情況的推測,對過去推測用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done ，對現(xiàn)在推測用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ 動(dòng)詞原形。
三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示虛擬的考查
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have+過去分詞表示與過去事實(shí)上相反的情況，也是高考單項(xiàng)選擇題涉及到情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一個(gè)重要方面。
1. There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You______come, but why didnt you?
A. must have B. should
C. need have D. ought to have
解析：ought to have done 表示本來應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際沒做，should do 表示現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該做某事，與題中 at yesterdays party 表示的時(shí)間不一致。所以選D。
分析：高考對情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示虛擬用法，表示與過去事實(shí)相反的情況。近幾年高考，主要側(cè)重should (not)have done 這一句式上，表示本來不該做卻做了或本來該做卻未做的事，在復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)，還應(yīng)關(guān)注其它幾種虛擬形式，如need (not)have done 表示本來需要做而未做或本來不需要而做的事等等，以做到有備無患。
考點(diǎn)四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與助動(dòng)詞混合考查
1.Tom ,you didnt come to the party last night?
I______, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do .
A. had to B. didnt C. was going to D. wouldnt
解析：had to:不得不;didnt:沒來;was going to：打算來;wouldnt:不愿來。句意：湯姆，昨晚你沒來參加舞會(huì)嗎?我本打算來，但我突然記起有作業(yè)要做。But是關(guān)鍵詞，所以答案是：C。
2.Your phone number again? I______quite catch it .
Its 86184867.
A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant
解析：記住電話號(hào)碼并非難事，未完全聽清楚電話號(hào)碼并非能力的事，此處只是說沒有完全聽清楚電話號(hào)碼，所以，應(yīng)選A。
【精選試題】 名校模擬題及其答案
1. I still havent thanked Aunt Lucy for her present. Its time you _____.
A. do B. did C. had D. would
2. If I hadnt been lucky enough to meet you. I really _____ what I would have done.
A. dont know B. hadnt known
C. wasnt knowing D. wouldnt know
3. Ive told everyone about it. Oh, Id rather you _____.
A. dont B. hadnt
C. couldnt D. wouldnt
4. It has been raining for a day, but eventhough it hadnt rained, we _____ there by tomorrow.
A. cant get B. wont get
C. hadnt got D. wouldnt get
5. Do you know his address? No, I also wish I _____ where he _____.
A. knew, live B. knew, lives
C. know, lives D. know, lived
6. Isnt it about time you _____ to do morning exercises? Yes, it is. Would you like to join us?
A. begin B. have begun
C. began D. had begun
7. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen
C. should fall D. were to fall
8. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____ a goal.
A. had scored B. scored
C. would score D. would have scored
9. If only he _______ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.
A. lies B. lay
C. had lain D. should lie
10. Without the air to hold some of the sunsheat, the earth at night ____ for us to live.
A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly
C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly
11. I forget where I read the article, or I _____ it to you now. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
A. will show B. would show C. am going to show D. am showing
12. It looks as if he were drunk. So it does. _____.
A. Hed better give up drinking
B. He shouldnt have drunk so much
C. Health is more important than drink
D. I wonder why he is always doing so
13. Mary looks hot and dry So _____ you if you had so high a fever.
A. do B. are C. will D. would
14. He will come tomorrow. But Id rather he _____ the day after tomorrow.
A. will come B. is coming
C. came D. had come
15. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ____ badly wounded and that he ____ at once.
A. should be; be operated on
B. were; must be operated on
C. was; should be operated
D. was; be operated on
16. ______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.
A. Was he given up B. Had he given up w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
C. Did he give D. If he gave up
17. I still havent thanked Aunt Lucy for her present. Its time you _____.
A. do B. did C. had D. would
18. Do you know his address? No, I also wish I _____ where he _____.
A. knew, live B. knew, lives w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
C. know, lives D. know, lived
19. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen
C. should fall D. were to fall
20. Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night ____ for us to live.
A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly
C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly
21.________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
A. Would you be B. Should you be
C. Could you be D. Might you be
22.You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _____ be so rude to a lady.
A. might B. need C. should D. would
23.Excuse me. But I want to use your computer to type a report.
You _____have my computer if you dont take care of it .
A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt
24. He _____ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside.
A. should B. must C. wouldnt D. cant
25. I ______ have been more than six years old when the accident happened.
A. shouldnt B. couldnt C. mustnt D. neednt
26. There _____ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.
A. mustnt B. shant C. shouldnt D. neednt
27. I was on the highway when this car went past fol. Lowed by a police car. They ______ at least 150 kilometers an hour.
A. should have been doing B. must have been doing
C. could have done D. would have done
28. Ive taken someone elses green sweater by mistake.
It ______ Harrys. He always wears green.
A. has to be B. will be C. mustnt be D. could be
29. Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself.
A. neednt do B. neednt have done
C. mustnt do D. shouldnt have done
30. Lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary.
She _______. Ive already borrowed one.
A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt
【答案與解析】
1.
【解析】選B.Its time you did 為 Its time you thanked Aunt Lucy for her present 之略。按照英語語法，its time 后從句通常要用過去式。
2.
【解析】選A.雖然前有虛擬條件句, 后有使用了虛擬語氣的賓語，但 I dont know 卻宜用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因?yàn)?I dont know 表述的是現(xiàn)在的真實(shí)情況，句意為我要不是有幸遇到你，我真不知(指現(xiàn)在不知)我會(huì)做出什么蠢事來。
3.
【解析】選B.Id rather 后接從句時(shí)，從句謂語的時(shí)態(tài)規(guī)律是：用過去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，用過去完成式表示過去。
4.
【解析】選A.we cant get there by tomorrow 為客觀事實(shí)，故宜用陳述語氣。
5.
【解析】選B.第一空填 knew，因?yàn)?I wish 后的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣(即用過去式表示現(xiàn)在的想法);第二空要填lives，即用陳述語氣，因?yàn)?where he lives 是一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)，而不是 I wish 的內(nèi)容。
6.
【解析】選C.Its time / Its high time / Its about time 等后接從句時(shí)，從句謂語通常用過去式。
7.
【解析】選 B.此題涉及錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，條件句與過去事實(shí)相反。句意為：要不是在七歲時(shí)就迷上了 Melinda Cox 圖書館，我真不能想像我如今會(huì)在做什么。
8.
【解析】8. 選 D.這是otherwise 引出的含蓄虛擬語氣，再根據(jù)前面的 hesitated 可進(jìn)一步知道這是與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，由此可推知答案選 D.
9.
【解析】選 C.if only意為要是就好了，其后的句子謂語要用虛擬語氣，同時(shí)根據(jù) as the doctor instructed 中的過去時(shí)態(tài)可知從句是與過去事實(shí)相反，故選 C.
10.
【解析】選 A.without 引出的介詞短語為一個(gè)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的含蓄條件句。
【答案】C
11.
【解析】.根據(jù)上文的語境可知句中的 or 隱含有一個(gè)虛擬的條件，即 or=if I didnt forget where I read the article(要是我沒忘記我在哪兒讀過這篇文章的話但事實(shí)上忘了)。
【答案】B
12.
【解析】關(guān)鍵信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虛擬語氣，句子既然用了虛擬語氣，也就是說，他喝醉了不是事實(shí)，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此題的最佳答案是D.
【答案】 D.
13.
【解析】 由于空格后的 if 條件狀語從句的謂語用的是虛擬語氣(這是很重要的信息)，所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案應(yīng)選D.
【答案】D
14.
【解析】按照英語習(xí)慣，would rather 后接that 從句時(shí)，從句謂語通常要用虛擬語氣，即用過去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚?用過去完成時(shí)表示過去。
【答案】C
15.
【解析】insist后的從句謂語有時(shí)用should+動(dòng)詞原形這樣的虛擬語氣，有時(shí)不用，具體要看該謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的含義。一般說來，若該謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，或尚未成為事實(shí)，則用虛擬語氣;若該謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，或已經(jīng)成為事實(shí)，則要用陳述語氣。分析上題的句意，可知只有選D最合適。
【答案】D
16.
【解析】是因?yàn)闀r(shí)態(tài)前后有矛盾。由于主句謂語是would not have got，這表明是對過去事實(shí)作出的假設(shè)，所以從句謂語應(yīng)該是 had given up，而不是像D項(xiàng)那樣用一般過去時(shí)。另外，當(dāng)虛擬條件句中有 had, should, were 等詞時(shí)，通?？梢允÷?if，并將 had, should, were 提前置于句首。
【答案】B
17.
【解析】Its time you did 為 Its time you thanked Aunt Lucy for her present 之略。按照英語語法，its time 后從句通常要用過去式。
【答案】B
18.
【解析】第一空填 knew，因?yàn)?I wish 后的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣(即用過去式表示現(xiàn)在的想法);第二空要填lives，即用陳述語氣，因?yàn)?where he lives 是一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)，而不是 I wish 的內(nèi)容。
【答案】B
19.
【解析】 此題涉及錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，條件句與過去事實(shí)相反。句意為：要不是在七歲時(shí)就迷上了 Melinda Cox 圖書館，我真不能想像我如今會(huì)在做什么。
【答案】B
20.
【解析】without 引出的介詞短語為一個(gè)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的含蓄條件句。
【答案】A
21.
【解析】句意：萬一你被解雇，給你的醫(yī)療救助和其它方面的福利也不會(huì)被取消。
【答案】B
22.
【解析】句意：你想象不到這么一個(gè)表現(xiàn)良好的紳士竟然會(huì)對一個(gè)女士這么粗魯。
【答案】C
23.
【解析】shall此處表示警告。
【答案】A
24.
【解析】B此處考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測的用法。should have done表示過去應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際并沒有做，因此淘汰A項(xiàng)。would不用來表推測，因此淘汰C項(xiàng)。B基與D項(xiàng)雖然都可以表示推測，但B項(xiàng)表肯定意義而D項(xiàng)表示否定推測，意為不可能，根據(jù)句意：他肯定已完成了他的工作;不然，他就不會(huì)在海邊玩得那么愉快了?？芍颂幮枰隙ㄒ饬x，因此淘汰D項(xiàng)。
25.
【解析】B本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。must表示推測只能用于肯定句，否定句用can或could 代替。shouldnt have done 表示本來不該而實(shí)際上卻做了某事.neednt have done表示本來不必而實(shí)際上卻做了均不合題意。本句的意思是：當(dāng)事故發(fā)生時(shí)我不可能超過6歲。
26.
【解析】C should(按道理)應(yīng)該;句意：既然你在駕校時(shí)做了大量練習(xí)，那么通過這次考試?yán)聿粦?yīng)該有困難。
27.
【解析】B 第一句話使用了一般過去時(shí)，由此可知第二句話是對過去事情的猜測，需用must have done.本題意為我正在高速公路上行駛，這時(shí)一輛警車跟隨著著這輛車從旁邊經(jīng)過。它們一定是以至少每小時(shí)150公里的速度行駛。故選B。A項(xiàng)表示本應(yīng)該，C項(xiàng)表示本能夠不合題意。
28.
【解析】D 本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意是我錯(cuò)拿了別人的綠色 毛衣，那可能是Harry的，他總是穿綠色的毛衣。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中could表示推測。mustnt 表示 禁止has to 表示不得不will 表推測時(shí)，表肯定語氣太強(qiáng)。
29.
【解析】B根據(jù)句意可知Catherine對對方為她打掃了房間表示感謝并提到對方本來不必為她打掃房間。很顯然對方打掃房間是過去所為，表達(dá)去不必做某事用neednt have done sth.
30.
【解析】C本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，從答語的后半句我已經(jīng)借到一本字典了，可知前半句為不必了。故C正確。
高考英語復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：英語作文結(jié)尾萬能公式
1、高考英語作文結(jié)尾萬能公式一：如此結(jié)論
說完了，畢竟要?dú)w納一番，相信各位都有這樣的經(jīng)歷，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)長篇大論，到最后終于冒出個(gè)總而言之之類的話，我們馬上停止開小差，等待領(lǐng)導(dǎo)說結(jié)束語。也就是說，開頭很好，也必然要有一個(gè)精彩的結(jié)尾，讓讀者眼前一亮，這樣，你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子：
Obviously(此為過渡短語)， we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.
如果讀者很難顯而見之，但說無妨，就當(dāng)讀者的眼光太淺罷了!
更多過渡短語：
to sum up， in conclusion， in brief， on account of this， thus
更多句型：
Thus， it can be concluded that， Therefore， we can find that
2、高考英語作文結(jié)尾萬能公式二：如此建議
如果說如此結(jié)論是結(jié)尾最沒用的廢話，那么如此建議應(yīng)該是最有價(jià)值的廢話了，因?yàn)檫@里雖然也是廢話，但是卻用了一個(gè)很經(jīng)典的虛擬語氣的句型。
Obviously， it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.
這里的虛擬語氣用得很經(jīng)典，因?yàn)榭脊俦緛斫?jīng)?？歼@個(gè)句型，而如果我們自己寫出來，你說考官會(huì)怎么想呢?
更多句型：
Accordingly， I recommend that some measures be taken.
Consequently， to solve the problem， some measures should be taken.