英語短文改錯(cuò)題探秘及時(shí)態(tài)用法：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
英語短文改錯(cuò)題探秘及時(shí)態(tài)用法：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
中學(xué)英語涉及到的時(shí)態(tài)一共有16種，下面給大家準(zhǔn)備了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法說明，希望對(duì)大家復(fù)習(xí)備考有幫助。
高中英語十六種時(shí)態(tài)用法詳解之一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表現(xiàn)在
1. 表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如：
My sister wears glasses. 我妹妹戴眼鏡。
He often goes to the cinema. 他經(jīng)常去看電影。
【注】詢問某人的習(xí)慣時(shí)，有時(shí)還可用ever。如：
“Do you ever eat meat?” “No, I never eat meat.”“你吃肉嗎?”“從不吃肉。”
2. 表示現(xiàn)在(或經(jīng)常性)的情況或狀態(tài)。如：
Mother is ill. 母親病了。
He is always like that. 他總是那樣。
He likes living in the country. 他喜歡住在鄉(xiāng)下。
We need a lot of money. 我們需要一大筆錢。
3. 表示現(xiàn)在的能力、特征、職業(yè)等。如：
He sings well. 他唱歌唱得好。
Mr. Smith teaches French. 史密斯先生教法語。
4. 表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)、格言以及不受時(shí)間限制的客觀存在。如：
Summer follows spring. 春去夏來。
Knowledge is power. 知識(shí)就是力量。
The earth turns around the sun. 地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。
二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來
1. 當(dāng)主句為將來時(shí)態(tài)或表示將來意義時(shí)，時(shí)間和條件的狀語從句必須用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。如：
I’ll write to her when I have time. 我有空會(huì)給她寫信。
Turn off the lights before you leave. 走前關(guān)燈。
If we hurry, we may catch the bus. 如果趕緊走我們可能趕得上公共汽車。
Tell me in case you get into difficulty. 遇到困難請(qǐng)告訴我。
【注】① 除表示時(shí)間和條件的狀語從句外，表示讓步、相似、比例的從句也必須用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。如：
I’ll follow him wherever he goes. 他去哪兒，我就跟著去哪兒。
Whatever you say, I won’t pay. 無論你說什么，我都不會(huì)付錢。
Whether we help him or not, he will fail. 無論我們幫他與否，他都會(huì)失敗。
I’ll have a good time whether I win or lose. 贏也好，輸也好，我都將會(huì)玩好。
The more you eat, the fatter you will become. 你吃得越多就會(huì)越胖。
?、?另外，當(dāng)主句為用將來時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，定語從句也通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。如：
I’ll give you anything you ask for. 你要什么我都給你。
You can have anything I find. 我找到的任何東西你都可以拿去。
Everyone who comes first will get a present. 每個(gè)先來的人都可得到一份禮物。
2. 按照英語習(xí)慣，一個(gè)句子中若主要?jiǎng)釉~已經(jīng)表明了所談?wù)搫?dòng)作的時(shí)間，那么與之相關(guān)的其他動(dòng)詞就不必再次指明同一時(shí)間，而往往使用一個(gè)比較簡(jiǎn)單的時(shí)態(tài)，如用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來時(shí)等。比較。如：
This discovery means that we will spend less on food.這一發(fā)現(xiàn)意味著我們將減少在食品上的花費(fèi)。
This discovery will mean that we spend less on food. 這一發(fā)現(xiàn)意味著我們將減少在食品上的花費(fèi)。
3. 在make sure(弄清楚)，make certain(弄清楚)，take care(注意，當(dāng)心)，be careful(注意，當(dāng)心)，mind(注意)，watch(注意)等后的that從句中通常也只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來意義。如：
Take care that it does not occur again. 注意別再發(fā)生這樣的事。
We must take care that no one sees us. 我們必須注意別讓人看見我們。
Make sure you come back soon. 你要保證快點(diǎn)回來。
Be careful that you don’t hurt her feelings. 當(dāng)心別傷了她的感情。
Watch that the baby doesn’t go near the heater. 注意別讓寶寶接近加熱器。
Mind you read the examination questions carefully before you begin to answer them. 在答題前要注意仔細(xì)閱讀考題。
技巧總結(jié)：英語短文改錯(cuò)題探秘
1. 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)
每年都有時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤的小題，而且改動(dòng)基本集中在一般過去時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)之間。時(shí)態(tài)的更改要以上下文的主體時(shí)態(tài)為依據(jù)。
(1)(2003全國卷)She liked it very much and reads it to the class. All said the story was... 84. read
(and連接并列謂語)
(2)(2004江蘇卷)At once I apologize and controlled myself... 83. apologized
(and連接并列謂語)
(3)(2004全國卷) Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class,... 82. talk
(根據(jù)sometimes可判斷此句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))
(4)(2005全國卷Ⅱ)I will write again and send you the photos we take together. 85. took
(把照片寄給你，應(yīng)該是已經(jīng)拍好的，用過去時(shí))
(5)(2005全國卷Ⅰ) There are advantage for students to work while studying at school. One of them was that they can earn money. 77. is
(從上下文判斷，應(yīng)該是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，謂語用is)
(6)(2005江蘇卷)We named him Jack and keep him for about three years. 76. kept
(and連接并列謂語)
2. 名詞單復(fù)數(shù)
單復(fù)數(shù)互改是高考英語改錯(cuò)題的基本題型之一，改動(dòng)的依據(jù)有：一是根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定成份;二是根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。
(1)(2003全國卷)Their word were a great encouragement to me. 85. words
(是把word改為words 還是把were改為was，根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定詞their來決定。)
(2)(2004江蘇)that was a dinner we had waited for several month. 85. months
(several修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞)
(3)(2004全國卷Ⅰ) a few minute on the Internet. 77. minutes
(a few修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞)
(4)(2005全國卷Ⅱ)But one and a half year later. 79. years
(one and a half意思為一年半，故判斷此處year應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式)
(5)(2005全國卷Ⅰ)There are advantage for students to work... 76. advantages
(從there are 判斷應(yīng)該用名詞復(fù)數(shù))
3. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)
句子結(jié)構(gòu)方面的錯(cuò)誤范圍龐大，解答高考英語改錯(cuò)題主要可以從以下幾方面來思考：1)句子結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，成份是否冗缺;2)單詞的詞性與其在句中的功能是否相符;3)主謂一致;4)復(fù)合句中連接主句和從句的關(guān)系詞或引導(dǎo)詞的運(yùn)用是否得當(dāng)?shù)取?/p>
(1)(2004 全國卷)I won’t be able to meet you at the airport although I have classes in the afternoon. 78. because/as
(復(fù)合句中連接主句和從句的關(guān)系詞運(yùn)用不當(dāng))
(2)(2004 全國卷Ⅱ) I don’t know that they don’t like to talk with me. 81. why
(復(fù)合句中連接主句和從句的關(guān)系詞運(yùn)用不當(dāng))
(3)(2005全國卷Ⅰ)For the most part, students working to earn money for their own use. 78. work
(缺謂語動(dòng)詞)
(4)(2005全國卷Ⅰ)Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything if they like. 79. allows
(主語是動(dòng)名詞短語Earning their own money，謂語應(yīng)該用單數(shù))
(5)(2005江蘇卷)But the most wonderful thing about Jack were his musical ability. 84. was
(主語是第三人稱單數(shù))
4. 贅述
高考英語改錯(cuò)題中的贅述是指在一些固定表達(dá)中或從上下文邏輯來看用了多余的詞，從而使句子表達(dá)不合規(guī)范或造成邏輯上的重復(fù)。
(1)(2003全國卷80)I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day. 80. should
(并列謂語，should多余)
(2)(2004 全國卷)Can you tell me about what I should do? 85. about
(tell sb about/of sth或tell sb接從句)
(3)(2004重慶卷)I had to look up to the same word many times, ... 78. to
(look up a word查字典)
(4)(2005全國卷Ⅰ)Some students may also to save up for their college or future use. 84. to
(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may后接動(dòng)詞原形)
(5)(2005江蘇卷) But for the most wonderful thing about Jack was his musical ability. 83. for
(but是連詞for是介詞，不能并列)
5. 固定結(jié)構(gòu)(固定句型、固定短語、固定搭配)
所謂固定結(jié)構(gòu)是指英語中一些不能隨意更改的習(xí)慣表達(dá)。如固定短語中的詞不能缺，固定搭配要前后一致等。
(1)(2003全國卷81)Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was ... 81. talking
(enjoy doing為固定短語)
(2)(2004 全國卷Ⅰ)I am sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool. 79. at
(laugh at sb. 固定短語)
(3)(2004 浙江卷)from friends can all provide you for stamps from all over the world. 82. with
(provide ... with為固定短語)
(4)(2005全國卷Ⅱ)I am writing to thank you with your kind help. 76. for
(thank sb for sth)
(5)(2005全國卷Ⅰ) or for permission to do things by money. 83. with
(with money)