英語(yǔ)備考詞匯大全
掌握詞匯是學(xué)好英語(yǔ)的先決條件，其中道理不言自明，就像建大樓離不開磚瓦一樣。詞匯學(xué)習(xí)貫穿英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的始終，是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)環(huán)節(jié)，接下來學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為你整理了英語(yǔ)備考詞匯大全，一起來看看吧。
英語(yǔ)備考詞匯(一)
1.accuse / charge
accuse 和charge都有“指責(zé)，控告”之意，有時(shí)可通用，但結(jié)構(gòu)不一樣。accuse不一定針對(duì)重大過失或罪行，其結(jié)構(gòu)為accuse sb of sth。而charge一般用于重大過失或罪行，其結(jié)構(gòu)為charge sb with sth，此結(jié)構(gòu)還有“使某人負(fù)有……責(zé)任”之意。例如：
例1：My father accused me of my being too careless. (父親責(zé)備我太粗心。)
例2：He accused me of neglecting my duty. (他指控我玩忽職守。)
例3：He charged me with neglecting my duty. (同上)
例4：Jimmy was charged with murder. (吉米被控謀殺。)
例5：He was charged with an important task. (他擔(dān)負(fù)有一項(xiàng)重要任務(wù)。)
2.add / add to / add up / add up to
add：增加，把……加上。add…to…：把……加到。例如：
例6：At the end of the party, we added another program.
例7：You needn’t add any water to the medicine.
add to：增添。指增添喜悅、悲傷、麻煩等。例如：
例8：His coming added to our trouble. (他的到來給我們添了麻煩。)
add up：加起來。例如：
例9：Have you added up all the numbers?
add up to：總計(jì)。表示加起來的結(jié)果，無(wú)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
例10：All the numbers added up to 100.
3.advise / suggest
advise：建議，勸說。例如：
例11：I advised (his) trying again. (= suggest)
例12：I advised that we (should) try again. (= suggest，虛擬語(yǔ)氣。)
例13：I advised him to give up smoking.
例14：I advised him not to smoke.
例15：Could you advise us on how to learn English?
例16：Could you give us some advice on how to learn English?
suggest：建議，表明，暗示。例如：
例17：We suggest having a meeting at once. (= advise)
例18：We suggest that a meeting (should) be held at once. (= advise，虛擬語(yǔ)氣。)
例19：His pale face suggests that he is in poor health. (他那蒼白的臉色表明他身體欠佳。)
4.agree with / agree to / agree on
agree with：同意，贊成(后接“人”或what從句作賓語(yǔ));適合，適應(yīng);一致。例如：
例20：I don’t quite agree with you.
例21：Nobody agreed with what he had said at the meeting.
例22：The weather here doesn’t agree with most of us. (這里的天氣我們多數(shù)人不適應(yīng)。)
例23：Your words do not agree with your actions. (你的言行不一。)
agree to：同意，贊成。指一方同意另一方的意見、建議、觀點(diǎn)、想法等。例如：
例24：John can’t agree to Joe’s idea.
agree on：對(duì)……達(dá)成共識(shí)。指雙方或多方對(duì)某事取得一致意見。例如：
例25：Finally John and Joe agreed on the plan.
5.allow / permit / let / promise
allow：允許，許可。指聽任或默許，也可用來表示客氣的請(qǐng)求。例如：
例26：Who allowed you to leave the camp?
例27：Smoking is not allowed here.
例28：Please allow me to introduce myself to you.
permit：允許，許可。通常指正式的許可。例如：
例29：He declared that he would permit me to do so.
allow 和 permit 的含義雖然有所差別，但實(shí)際運(yùn)用中兩者常通用。
let：允許，讓。其后的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)應(yīng)是不帶to的不定式。一般不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：
例30：Don’t let this happen again.
例31：This is not allowed to happen again. (不說：This is not let to happen again.)
promise：答應(yīng)，允諾。用于主動(dòng)答應(yīng)自己要做什么的場(chǎng)合。例如：
例32：They promised an immediate reply.
例33：He promised to start at once.
例34：I promised him to see to the matter right away.
(我答應(yīng)他馬上處理這件事。不定式to see to 是主語(yǔ)I發(fā)出的。)
6.announce / declare
announce：宣布，宣告。常指首次公開或正式宣布人們關(guān)心的某件事情。例如：
例35：The government announced that the danger was past.
例36：It was announced that the national science conference would soon be held in Beijing.
另外，要表達(dá)“向某人宣布某事”，應(yīng)用announce to sb sth。后接to sb的動(dòng)詞還有say，explain等。例如：
例37：He announced to us the news and then said to us, “Now let me explain to you in details.”
(他向我們宣布了這個(gè)消息，然后對(duì)我們說：“現(xiàn)在讓我詳細(xì)給你們解釋吧。”)
declare：宣布，聲明。指以正式的話語(yǔ)公開宣布某件事。例如：
例38：The chairman declared the exhibition open. (主席宣布展覽會(huì)開幕。)
英語(yǔ)備考詞匯(二)
7.answer / reply
answer：回答，回應(yīng)。例如：
例39：“Tom!” No one answered.
例40：Please answer the door-bell. (請(qǐng)去開門。)
例41：He answered that he knew nothing about it.
例42：No one was able to answer him a word.
reply：回答，答復(fù)。作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后需接to再接賓語(yǔ);作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后直接接that從句或what從句，或用于倒裝句。例如：
例43：He replied to me, “I need the answer to the exercise.”
例44：He replied that he would not go.
例45：Not a word did she reply.(她一句話也不應(yīng)。)
answer當(dāng)名詞用時(shí)，與reply一樣，要接to。例如：
例46：He made no answer / reply to his questions.
8.appear / look / seem
appear：顯得，好像。有時(shí)含有表面上顯得，而事實(shí)未必的意味。例如：
例47：This kind of apples appears good, but in fact it tastes sour.
(這種蘋果看起來好，實(shí)際吃起來酸。)
seem：好像。暗示判斷有一定根據(jù)，往往接近事實(shí)。例如：
例48：You seem to have made the same mistake again this time.
(你這次似乎又犯了同樣的錯(cuò)誤。)
例49：It seems that it is going to rain soon.
look：好像。表示憑感覺作出的判斷。例如：
例50：What’s wrong with you? You look pale.
例51：It looks like rain. (看來要下雨了。)
9.argue / quarrel
argue：辯論，爭(zhēng)論。指提出理由或論據(jù)以支持或反駁某種意見或主張，著重說理。如：
例52：What are you arguing about?
例53：I argued with him the whole day.
quarrel：爭(zhēng)論，爭(zhēng)吵，吵架。例如：
例54：It’s unwise to quarrel with your boss about that. (為那件事同你老板爭(zhēng)吵是不明智的。)
10.arrive / reach / get
arrive，reach和get都有“到達(dá)”的意思。arrive通常與介詞at或in連用，它和reach是比較正式的用語(yǔ);reach是及物動(dòng)詞;get通常與介詞to連用，在口語(yǔ)中常用。arrive和get后接副詞(如here, there, home等)時(shí)，不用介詞。reach和arrive at還有“達(dá)成(協(xié)議)，作出(決定)”的意思。例如：
例55：When we arrived at the station, the train had left.
例56：At five, they arrived in Beijing.
例57：The letter didn’t reach me until yesterday.
例58：At what time did you get to the post office?
例59：The two sides failed to reach / arrive at an agreement after several hours’ discussion.
(幾個(gè)小時(shí)的討論后，雙方還是沒能達(dá)成一致意見。)
11.ask / inquire / question
ask：?jiǎn)?ask sb sth或ask sth of sb);請(qǐng)求(ask sb to do sth);要，索取(ask for sth)。例如：
例60：May I ask you some questions?
例61：Why did he ask you to come again?
例62：Did he ask for anything?
inquire：?jiǎn)?，詢問。它與ask同義，但是比較正式的用語(yǔ);與into連用時(shí)，表示“查究，調(diào)查”的意思。例如：
例63：I have inquired of him whether he could help me. (我已經(jīng)問過他能否幫我。)
例64：We must inquire into the matter. (=look into，我們必須調(diào)查此事。)
question：提問，質(zhì)問，審問，懷疑。例如：
例65：At first the girls read a chapter from their books, and then the teacher began to question them.
例66：I question whether he was once questioned by the police.
(我懷疑他是否曾被警方審問過。)
12.be about to do sth / be to do sth
be about to do：即將，正要做……不加任何時(shí)間短語(yǔ)。例如：
例67：We were about to start when suddenly it began to rain.
be to do：計(jì)劃，約定;應(yīng)該。例如：
例68：We are to start tomorrow.
例69：What is to be done next?(下一步做什么?)
13.be careful of / be careful with
be careful of：小心，當(dāng)心，留神，注意。例如：
例70：The public were warned to be careful of rats. (公眾被警告要當(dāng)心老鼠。)
be careful with：細(xì)心，注意。指細(xì)心地處理或?qū)Ω赌橙嘶蚰呈?。例如?/p>
例71：You’d better be careful with your work / pronunciation. (你得注意你的工作/發(fā)音。)
14.be familiar with / be familiar to
be familiar with：對(duì)……熟悉。例如：
例72：Most of us are familiar with the pop star.
例73：John was very familiar with this kind of situation.
be familiar to：對(duì)……來說是熟悉的;為……所熟知。例如：
例74：The pop star is familiar to most of us.
例75：This kind of situation was all too familiar to John. (=very familiar)
15.be known for / be known as / be known to
be known for：因……而出名。例如：
例76：Our town is known for its stones.
be known as：作為……而出名。例如：
例77：The town is known as a stone town.
be known to：被……知曉，了解。例如：
例78：The hot spring city is known to every one of them.
英語(yǔ)備考詞匯攻略
1. 利用構(gòu)詞法。熟記前綴、字根、后綴、派生詞構(gòu)成規(guī)律、合成詞構(gòu)成規(guī)律等，遇到生詞時(shí)往往就可以猜測(cè)出它的意思。例如，前綴semi-表示“(一)半”，那么就容易推出semicircle是“半圓”的意思了。
2. 歸類法。只要注意歸類比較，意義上的相近、相反，讀音、詞形、所屬范疇的相近等都可以成為加強(qiáng)記憶的手段。將同類一組詞放在一起記憶，當(dāng)遇到其中一個(gè)詞時(shí)，腦海中就會(huì)浮現(xiàn)出一組詞，這樣效率就大大提高了。例如，我們可以把表示“笑”的詞語(yǔ)放在一起來記：smile, laugh, giggle, grin, chuckle, beam, smirk, sneer, chortle等。
3. 有計(jì)劃地反復(fù)重現(xiàn)。教育心理學(xué)把記憶分為瞬時(shí)記憶、短時(shí)記憶和長(zhǎng)時(shí)記憶。顧名思義，瞬時(shí)記憶儲(chǔ)存時(shí)間很短，我們需要將它轉(zhuǎn)化為長(zhǎng)時(shí)記憶才能達(dá)到掌握的目的?？茖W(xué)研究證明，遺忘的規(guī)律是先快后慢，新記憶在最初幾個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)遺忘得最快，如果4至7天內(nèi)不重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，記憶將會(huì)受到抑制，甚至完全消失。而有計(jì)劃地反復(fù)重現(xiàn)已學(xué)詞匯則有增強(qiáng)記憶的效果。
可以制作一個(gè)小單詞本，隨時(shí)隨地翻一下。也可以選擇一本詞典，勤翻翻，多看看，多模仿，多思考，多回顧。《朗文當(dāng)代高級(jí)英語(yǔ)辭典》(英英•英漢雙解)是較適合大學(xué)生使用的學(xué)習(xí)型詞典，它收詞量達(dá)8.2萬(wàn)余條，更為重要的是，它所有的例句均選自詞量達(dá)3.28億之巨的龐大語(yǔ)料庫(kù)，無(wú)論口語(yǔ)，或是書面語(yǔ)，都可以保證語(yǔ)言的純正地道，這樣學(xué)習(xí)者模仿時(shí)就有了可靠的依據(jù)。而且，根據(jù)學(xué)生常犯錯(cuò)誤安排了數(shù)百條用法說明，時(shí)時(shí)刻刻提醒學(xué)習(xí)者單純把握詞義是不夠的，還要“熟其脾性”。
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