高一英語(yǔ)必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)(2)

1

指一類人或事，相當(dāng)于a kind of

A plane is a machine that can fly.

2

第一次提及某人某物，非特指

A boy is waiting for you.有個(gè)男孩在等你。

3

表示“每一”相當(dāng)于every，one

We study eight hours a day.

4

表示“相同”相當(dāng)于the same

We are nearly of an age.

5

用于人名前，表示不認(rèn)識(shí)此人或與某名人有類似性質(zhì)的人或事

— Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?

—Sorry, wrong number. There isn't______ Mr. Smith here.

A. 不填 B. a  C.  theD. one

That boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷鋒）

6

用于固定詞組中

a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk,  many a time

7

用于quite,  rather, many, half, what, such之后

This room is rather a big one.

8

用于so(as,  too, how)+形容詞之后

She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.

9

用于抽象名詞具體化的名詞前

success(抽象名詞)→a success(具體化)  成功的人或事

a failure 失敗的人或事 a shame帶來(lái)恥辱的人或事

a pity可惜或遺憾的事 a must 必需必備的事

a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知識(shí)

1

表示某一類人或物

In many places in China, ___ bicycle is still ___ popular  means of transportation.

A. a; theB.  /; aC.  the; aD.  the; the

2

用于世上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物名詞前

the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean

3

表示說(shuō)話雙方都了解的或上文提到過(guò)的人或事

Would you mind opening the door?

4

用于演奏樂(lè)器

play the violin, play the guitar

5

用于形容詞和分詞前表示一類人

the reach, the living, the wounded

6

表示“一家人”或“夫婦”（對(duì)比上文的不定冠詞用法5）

—Could you tell me the way to ____ Johnsons, please?
 —Sorry, we don’t have ____ Johnson here in the village.
 A. the; theB. the; aC.  /; theD.  the; /

7

用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞副詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí)前

He is the taller of the two children.

8

用于國(guó)家黨派等以及江河湖海，山川群島的名詞前

the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French

9

用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前

The compass was invented in China.

10

在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞之前，指世紀(jì)的某個(gè)年代

in the 1990’s(二十世紀(jì)九十年代)

11

用于表示度量單位的名詞前

I hired the car by the hour.

12

用于方位名詞，身體部位名詞

He patted me on the shoulder.

1

專有名詞，物質(zhì)名詞，抽象名詞，人名地名等名詞前

Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air

2

名詞前有this,  my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制

I want this book, not that one. /Whose purse is this?

3

季節(jié)，月份，星期，節(jié)假日，一日三餐前

March, Sunday, National Day, spring

4

表示職位，身份，頭銜的名詞前

Lincoln was made President of America.

5

表示球類，棋類等運(yùn)動(dòng)的名詞前

He likes playing football/chess.

6

與by連用表示交通方式的名詞前

We went right round to the west coast by ______ sea instead of  driving across ______ continent.

A. the; theB.不填；the C. the; 不填 D. 不填；不填

7

以and連接的兩個(gè)相對(duì)的名詞并用時(shí)

husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night

8

表示泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前

Horses are useful animals.

規(guī) 則

例 詞

1

改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式

man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice

2

單復(fù)數(shù)相同

sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species

3

只有復(fù)數(shù)形式

ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses,  contents

4

一些集體名詞總是用作復(fù)數(shù)

people, police, cattle, staff

5

部分集體名詞既可以作單數(shù)（整體）也可以作復(fù)數(shù)（成員）

audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee,  government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party

6

復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特別含義

customs(海關(guān)), forces(軍隊(duì)), times(時(shí)代), spirits(情緒), drinks(飲料), sands(沙灘), papers(文件報(bào)紙), manners(禮貌), looks(外表), brains(頭腦智力), greens(青菜), ruins(廢墟)

7

表示“某國(guó)人”

加-s

Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans

單復(fù)數(shù)同形

Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese

以-man或-woman結(jié)尾的改為-men,-women

Englishmen, Frenchwomen

8

合成名詞

將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)

sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy  friends

無(wú)主體名詞時(shí)將最后一部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)

grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches

將兩部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)

women singers, men servants